Conditions that influence coping mechanisms in Latina mothers affected by incarceration: A secondary analysis using the vulnerability framework.

The objective of this study is to assess women's vulnerability to becoming involved with the legal system as it relates to their exposure, sensitivity, and resiliency to specific experiences associated with incarceration before, during, and after their confinement using the vulnerability framework. We sampled 12 women who self-identified as Latina mothers from local jail annexes, probation department offices, and substance use treatment centers in South Central Texas. We conducted a qualitative, secondary analysis. Three overarching themes emerged: (1) "[The abuse] just kept happening;" (2) "[Incarceration] was an excessive interference;" and (3) "I wasn't there back then [for my children], but now I can be [there for them] in some way." We also identified subthemes. More research and culturally tailored programming are needed to bridge services across legal system sites (jails, prisons, probation) that interact with this population of women to provide supportive services. PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: We would like to recognize community stakeholders who work in the local jail, probation, and medication treatment centers who helped with the distribution of fliers and participant recruitment along with the women who shared their experiences following incarceration for the original study's data used in this secondary analysis.

Pandemic perspectives from the frontline-The nursing stories.

AIM: To describe the experiences of registered nurses working in a US healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: This qualitative thematic analysis study is a secondary analysis of stories submitted by nurses to a repository established by the parent study. METHODS: Registered nurses working in various roles in a healthcare system submitted stories (N = 45) to open-ended prompts via an online repository between June 2020 and February 2021. A team of three nurse scientists coded the stories using Dedoose software. Initial codes were then reviewed by the team to synthesize initial coding into themes. The COREQ checklist was used to ensure research reporting guidelines were met. RESULTS: Thematic analysis revealed three themes in a global theme of COVID-19 pandemic-related personal and professional evolution: (1) The art and science of pandemic nursing, (2) Persisting despite challenges; and (3) Learning as we went. Each of the three organizing themes were supported by basic themes. CONCLUSIONS: Identified themes affirm some of nursing's long-standing core values, such as the central role of human connectedness in restoring health, but findings also reflect new evolutionary processes of moral identity formation that occurred among nurses and the nursing profession during the COVID-19 pandemic. IMPACT: Findings from this study describe the processes by which nurses' moral identity evolved during a segment of the COVID-19 pandemic. Collectively, these evolutions represent important shifts in the nursing profession. Using findings from this study, nurse educators, nurse managers and healthcare administrators will be able to implement effective, sustainable policies and processes that meet the needs of both the community and the workforce. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This study was designed to capture the experiences of nurses employed by one healthcare organization. However, it was not conducted using input or suggestions from the public or the patient population served by the organization.

Health and Disability Among Young Black Men.

BACKGROUND: Black men experience the highest rate of disability compared to White, Asian, and Hispanic men. Yet, we know little about how Black men with disabilities experience the embodiment of their gender, race, social class, and disability positionalities and how they draw from their cultural backgrounds as they engage in health-seeking behaviors. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore how young Black men experienced the onset of chronic disabling conditions while negotiating health-promoting activities in the context of gender, race, social class, disability positionalities, and culture. METHODS: This descriptive study used hermeneutic phenomenology to achieve study objectives. This study's research questions were answered using audiotaped, one-on-one qualitative interviews, along with detailed field notes. Each participant was interviewed twice at a mutually decided upon location to ensure their privacy and comfort. RESULTS: In relation to their embodied interactions of self in the context of disability, these men described their health-related decisions using four themes: maintaining manhood, economic constraints, the "risk" of healthcare, and health promotion. CONCLUSIONS: By examining the experiences of young adult Black men living with disabilities, knowledge of their perspectives and experiences at earlier stages in their life course contributes to the understanding of their personal challenges, health needs, and their perspectives of health-promoting strategies.

Does Simulation Training for Acute Care Nurses Improve Patient Safety Outcomes: A Systematic Review to Inform Evidence-Based Practice.

BACKGROUND: Simulation is increasingly used as a training tool for acute care medical-surgical nurses to improve patient safety outcomes. A synthesis of the evidence is needed to describe the characteristics of research studies about acute care nurse simulation trainings and patient safety. An additional purpose is to examine the effects of acute care registered nurse (RN) simulation trainings on patient safety outcomes. METHODS: Five Internet databases were searched for articles published on any date through October 2018 examining the effect of RN simulation trainings on patient safety outcomes in the adult acute care setting. SAMPLE: N = 12 articles represented 844 RNs of varying experience levels and 271 interprofessional participants. RESULTS: Nine studies (75%) used high-fidelity scenarios developed locally about high risk but infrequent events. Five studies (42%) incorporated interdisciplinary team members in the scenarios and/or outcome evaluations. Outcome measures were self-reported, direct observation, or clinical indicators. All studies in this review achieved improved patient safety outcomes. It is unknown how outcomes vary for different groups of RNs because of insufficient gender, ethnicity/race, and age reporting. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: Findings support the design of simulation training research studies for patient safety outcomes and use of simulation training and research in acute care RNs. Additional high-quality research is needed to support this field. Future studies should include descriptors that characterize the sample (i.e., age, gender, education level, type of nursing degree, ethnicity or race, or years of experience); incorporate interdisciplinary teams; evaluate a combination of outcome measure types (i.e., self-report, direct observation, and clinical outcomes) both proximal and distal to the simulation; and that utilize standardized scenarios, validated outcome measure instruments, and standardized debriefing tools.

Disability and Racial Justice Go Hand in Hand: A Commentary on Black Men and Firearm Violence.

Black men in the United States face disproportionately high rates of firearm violence, leading to death and disability more often than males of other racial/ethnic groups. Managing life after such injuries involves significant challenges in daily activities, employment, and pain management. Despite the critical impacts of firearm-related disabilities on Black men, their experiences remain largely unexplored by disability scholars, public health researchers, and practitioners. This oversight is alarming, as Black men with firearm-acquired disabilities encounter considerable structural barriers to achieving health and social objectives. Our team focuses on: (a) the experiences of Black men with firearm-acquired disabilities, (b) the lack of literature on their lived realities, and (c) new pathways for disability and public health research. Recognizing and addressing the invisibility of violently injured Black men in research is crucial for advancing equity, social justice, and representation across society. We argue that disability justice is a vital starting point for acknowledging the social experiences of gunshot wound survivors. More research is needed to understand the experiences of these young Black men who have been largely ignored in public health and disability narratives. It is essential for clinicians and policymakers to grasp how this neglect affects conventional views on health, accessibility, and well-being, underscoring the need for a more inclusive and equitable approach.

What is Known About Reproductive Autonomy Among Justice-Involved Black Women?: A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVE: There are approximately 231,000 women detained daily within the nation's jail and prison systems with women of color making up nearly half of those experiencing incarceration. The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize the literature on the reproductive autonomy of Black women influenced by incarceration, using the three tenets of reproductive justice. METHODS: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, SocINDEX, and PsycINFO for research related to reproductive justice written in English and published in the United States from 1980 to 2022. A review of 440 article titles and abstracts yielded 32 articles for full-text review; nine articles met inclusion. RESULTS: Eight addressed Tenet 1; five mentioned Tenet 2; none addressed Tenet 3. Recognition of the influence of incarceration on the reproductive autonomy of Black women is limited. CONCLUSION: The findings from this review suggest a need to address (a) reproductive choice, (b) support goals, and (c) support of justice-involved Black women.

Discrimination, acculturation and other predictors of depression among pregnant Hispanic women.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to examine the effects of socioeconomic status, acculturative stress, discrimination, and marginalization as predictors of depression in pregnant Hispanic women. DESIGN: A prospective observational design was used. SETTING: Central and Gulf coast areas of Texas in obstetrical offices. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 515 pregnant, low income, low medical risk, and self-identified Hispanic women who were between 22-24 weeks gestation was used to collect data. MEASURES: The predictor variables were socioeconomic status, discrimination, acculturative stress, and marginalization. The outcome variable was depression. RESULTS: Education, frequency of discrimination, age, and Anglo marginality were significant predictors of depressive symptoms in a linear regression model, F (6, 458) = 8.36, P<.0001. Greater frequency of discrimination was the strongest positive predictor of increased depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: It is important that health care providers further understand the impact that age and experiences of discrimination throughout the life course have on depressive symptoms during pregnancy.

Undoing Racism and Mitigating Bias Among Healthcare Professionals: Lessons Learned During a Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Research indicates that the implicit biases and racist attitudes of healthcare workers are fundamental contributing factors to race-based health inequities. However, few studies and reviews appear to have examined the provision and effects of anti-racist education and training on post-licensure healthcare workers. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to explore what research methods are being used to ascertain the training healthcare workers are receiving post-licensure and to identify the goals and outcomes of this training. METHODS: Using PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases, peer-reviewed articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified and reviewed by the authors from March through October of 2020 in alignment with the renewed national focus on anti-racism and racial justice. Studies or initiatives involving students were excluded as were commentaries on studies and studies not specific to racism or anti-racism. RESULTS: Eleven articles were identified as meeting stipulated inclusion criteria. Few were outcome studies (n = 3), and many articles did not clearly delineate training methods, content, or outcomes assessed. Identified methods included group discussion, case studies, and online modules. Reported outcomes included increased self-awareness of implicit biases and racism. Only two studies focused specifically on nurses, with the majority of studies centering on physicians (n = 5). CONCLUSIONS: A considerable knowledge gap exists regarding effective methods, tools, and outcomes to use for undoing racism and mitigating bias in healthcare professionals. Nothing less than a seismic paradigm shift is called for, one in which an anti-racist perspective informs all healthcare education, research, and practice.

Disability and health: exploring the disablement experience of young adult African Americans.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to examine disablement as experienced by young adult African American men and women with permanent mobility impairment. METHOD: This study included a sample of 5 male and 5 female participants ranging in age from 22 to 39. An exploratory descriptive design and qualitative methods, including interviews and fieldnotes, were used. Interview data was analyzed using the process of inductive qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Basic desires for independence, shared intimacy, and psychological and physical health were not diminished by physical limitations. The disablement experience of this group is reflected in the themes of "Cumulative Losses" and "Sustained Desires". The findings of this study describe the high level of motivation that young adult African American men and women with disabilities have to improve levels of health and well-being within the context of their impairments. CONCLUSION: This study provides a better understanding of the contextual factors and experiences that may contribute to the development of further disability and subsequent health-related problems over time. Increased knowledge of the disablement experience of these young men and women may assist health care entities and social service providers in improving health care and rehabilitation efforts targeting this group. Implications for Rehabilitation Disablement among African American Young Adults This study's findings describe the high level of motivation that young adult African American men and women with disabilities have to improve levels of health and well-being. The two primary themes, "Cumulative Losses" and "Sustained Desires", suggest that despite a number of significant losses, several innate desires remained intact in the context of impairment. Understanding the disablement experience of young African Americans may assist health care entities and social service providers in improving health care targeting this group.

Issues using the life history calendar in disability research.

BACKGROUND: Overall, there is a dearth of research reporting mixed-method data collection procedures using the life history calendar (LHC) within disability research. OBJECTIVE: This report provides practical knowledge on use of the LHC from the perspective of a mixed-method life history study of mobility impairment situated within a qualitative paradigm. METHODS: The authors reviewed the method-related literature referring to the LHC along with its epistemologic underpinnings. Further, the uses of the LHC in disability research were illustrated using preliminary data from reports of disablement in Mexican American and non-Hispanic white women with permanent mobility impairment. RESULTS: From our perspective, the LHC was most useful as approached from an interpretive paradigm when gathering data from women of varied ethnic and socioeconomic strata. While we found the LHC the most useful tool currently available for studying disablement over the life course, there were challenges associated with its use. The LHC required extensive interviewer training. In addition, large segments of time were needed for completion depending on the type of participant responses. CONCLUSIONS: Researchers planning to conduct a disability study may find our experience using the LHC valuable for anticipating issues that may arise when the LHC is used in mixed-method research.