Genetic Diversity of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Landraces Based on Morphological Traits and Molecular Markers.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity among traditional common bean accessions through morphological descriptors and molecular markers. Sixty-seven common bean accessions from the Germplasm bank of the Instituto Federal of Espírito Santo-Campus de Alegre were evaluated. For this, 25 specific morphological descriptors were used, namely 12 quantitative and 13 qualitative ones. A diversity analysis based on morphological descriptors was carried out using the Gower algorithm. For molecular characterization, 23 ISSR primers were used to estimate dissimilarity using the Jaccard Index. Based on the dendrograms obtained by the UPGMA method, for morphological and molecular characterization, high genetic variability was observed between the common bean genotypes studied, evidenced by cophenetic correlation values in the order of 0.99, indicating an accurate representation of the dissimilarity matrix by the UPGMA clustering. In the morphological characterization, high phenotypic diversity was observed between the accessions, with grains of different shapes, colors, and sizes, and the accessions were grouped into nine distinct groups. Molecular characterization was efficient in separating the genotypes in the Andean and Mesoamerican groups, with the 23 ISSR primers studied generating an average of 6.35 polymorphic bands. The work identified divergent accessions that can serve different market niches, which can be indicated as parents to form breeding programs in order to obtain progenies with high genetic variability.

Desempenho agronômico de linhas endogâmicas ecombinadas de Capsicum annuum L. em sistema orgânico sob cultivo protegido / Agronomic performance of recombinant inbred of Capsicum annuum L. lines cultivated under organic system and greenhouse conditions

O manejo de plantas em cultivo protegido e a busca de produtos orgânicos pelos consumidores têm sido um desafio para produtores e pesquisadores de hortaliças. Para que essas formas de cultivo proporcionem lucratividade ao produtor e frutos de qualidade para o consumidor, faz-se necessária a busca por genótipos adaptados a esse manejo diferenciado. Neste trabalho, objetivouse avaliar o desempenho de 12 linhas endogâmicas recombinadas de Capsicum annuum L., obtidas do cruzamento entre os acessos UENF 1421 e UENF 1381, em cultivo protegido sob manejo orgânico. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação, na Estação Experimental de Seropédica da PESAGRO-RIO, em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se o número total de frutos (NTF), peso total de frutos (PTF), peso médio dos frutos (PMF), comprimento dos frutos (CF), diâmetro dos frutos (DF), relação comprimento/diâmetro do fruto (CF/DF) e presença de capsaicina (CAPS). Foram estimados os parâmetros genéticos variâncias genotípica, fenotípica e ambiental, coeficientes de determinação genotípico e de variação genética e o índice de variação. Houve diferença altamente significativa para todas as características, exceto para PTF. As linhas produziram elevado número de frutos, leves e de formatos variados. Somente duas linhas não tiveram pungência e quatro segregaram para CAPS. Todas as características tiveram alta variância genotípica e altos coeficientes de determinação genotípicos, mostrando que os resultados são, predominantemente, de origem genética. Os dados permitiram a indicação preliminar das linhas 5 e 8 para o cultivo orgânico em ambiente protegido.

Plant management under greenhouse conditions, associated with search for ecological products by consumers, has been a challenge for both farmers and vegetable researchers. Obtaining profit and quality depends on adapted genotypes that can be grown using an adequate management. The aim of this work was to study the agronomic performance of 12 recombinant inbred chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) lines, from crosses between UENF 1421 and UENF 1381 accessions, under greenhouse conditions and using an organic system. The experiment was carried out at Seropédica Experimental Station of PESAGRO-RIO, in randomized block design, with four replications. The following variables were evaluated: total number of fruits (TNF); total fruit weight (TFW); average weight of fruits (MWF); fruit length (FL); fruit diameter (FD); length and diameter fruit ratio (LDFR), and capsaicin presence (CAPS). Genotypic, phenotypic and environmental variances, as well as genotypic determination coefficient and variation index were estimated. There was highly significant difference for all traits unless TFW. The lines produced a high number of fruits, with low weight and with variability in shape among lines. Absence of capsaicin was observed only in two lines and other three lines segregated for capsaicin presence. High values of genotypic variance and genotypic determination coefficient were estimated for all traits, indicating that the results were due to genetic causes. The data pointed to a preliminary indication of lines 5 and 8 for cultivation in an organic system under greenhouse conditions.

Desempenho agronômico de linhas endogâmicas recombinadas de pimenta em dois sistemas de cultivo / Agronomic performance of recombinant chili pepper inbred lines in two cultivation systems

As diversidades de clima e de manejo interferem no desenvolvimento e na produtividade vegetal, uma vez que essas características estão diretamente correlacionadas ao genótipo e ao ambiente de cultivo. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi estimar os efeitos do tipo de manejo sob o desempenho agronômico de 12 linhas endogâmicas recombinadas (F7) de pimenta (Capsicum annuum L.), originadas do cruzamento entre um acesso de pimentão suscetível à mancha-bacteriana (UENF 1421) e um acesso de pimenta resistente (UENF 1381). Dois experimentos foram conduzidos, sendo um deles em condições de campo, em Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ e o outro em sistema orgânico e cultivo protegido, em Seropédica, RJ. Foram avaliados o número total de frutos (NTF), peso total de frutos (PTF), peso médio dos frutos (PMF), comprimento dos frutos (CF), diâmetro dos frutos (DF), relação comprimento/diâmetro do fruto (CF/DF) e a presença de capsaicina (CAPS). Foram realizadas a análise conjunta e o estudo da decomposição da interação genótipo x ambiente (G x A). Estimaram-se os componentes quadráticos genotípico e da interação G x A, o coeficiente de determinação genotípico e de variação genético e do índice de variação. A interação G x A foi significativa para o número, o peso total e médio de frutos, além do diâmetro do fruto e da relação comprimento/diâmetro. Com exceção do comprimento do fruto, o cultivo protegido e orgânico propiciou melhores médias para todas as características estudadas. Os parâmetros estudados mostraram que as causas de variação foram devidas às diferenças genéticas existentes entre as linhas e que o peso total de frutos foi a característica mais influenciada pelo manejo empregado. Entre as linhas pungentes, no cultivo em campo, a linha 2 mostrou alta capacidade produtiva e, para o cultivo protegido, a linha 8 obteve o maior número de frutos. Entre as não-pungentes, a linha 1 foi superior em ambos os ambientes.

Climate and management diversity play an important role in crop production, since these characteristics are related to genotype and cultivation environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of genotype, environment and genotype-environmental interaction (GE) in 12 recombinant inbred lines of C. annuum. These lines were originated from crosses between the following accessions: a sweet pepper cultivar (susceptible to bacterial spot) and a chili pepper (resistant to bacterial spot). Two tests were conducted, the first in a conventional agriculture system, under field conditions and the second in ecological or organic system, under greenhouse conditions. The field experiment was carried out in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. The greenhouse experiment was conducted in Seropédica, RJ. Both experiments were performed using a randomized block design with three replications. The measured variables were total fruit number (TFN); total fruit weight (TFW); mean fruit weight (MFW); fruit length (FL); fruit diameter (FD); length/diameter fruit ratio (FL/FD) and capsaicin presence (CAPS). Data obtained for each experimental condition were submitted to variance analysis, joint variance analysis, and partitioning of genotype environment interaction. Genotype and GE quadratic components, genotypic determination coefficient, genetic variation coefficient and variation index were determined. The GE interaction was significant for TFN, TFW, MFN, FD, and FL/FD. Cultivation under greenhouse conditions was responsible for the highest mean performance for every trait studied but FL. Values observed for genetic variation were greater than values obtained for environmental variation. For field conditions, the high yield ability observed for line 2 (pungent) is suggestive of a potential to be used as a commercial genotype. For greenhouse conditions, line 8 (pungent), had higher fruit number yield. Line 1 (non-pungent) also seems promising for commercial...