[Idiopathic associated paralysis of the Xth and XIIth cranial nerves]. / Parálisis asociadas pares craneales X Y XII de etiología idiopática.

We are putting forward a case of associated laryngeal paralysis placed among the paralyses of the lateral pharyngeal area. Due to the association of the Xth and XIIth cranial nerves we could consider it within the labelled as Tapia's syndrome. Nevertheless, the presumable viral etiology of the case makes such classification entitled to discussion, because only are accepted as etiopathogenetic noxes both the traumatisms and tumours.

[Immunohistochemical markers of cell proliferation in laryngeal carcinoma]. / Marcadores inmunohistoquímicos de proliferación celular en el carcinoma de laringe.

Although several clinicopathological factors may contribute to the prognosis of laryngeal carcinoma, these factors are still uncertain because the carcinogenesis process and malignant behavior are not well known. Immunohistochemical methods using two important markers, PCNA and Ki67 antigen, were used to assess proliferative activity in malignant laryngeal lesions. We studied the correlation between expression of these markers and clinical factors in 72 patients with carcinoma of the larynx: age, sex, occupation, smoking, alcohol consumption, marital status, etc. We also analyzed other known biological and histopathological prognostic factors (tumor stage, histological grade, lymph node metastases, and local invasion). PCNA and Ki-67 expression differed significantly in relation to histological grade and lymph node involvement. No associations were seen between the expression of PCNA and Ki-67 antigens and other study parameters.