Hemodynamic and related challenges: monitoring and regulation in the postoperative period.

The clinician caring for patients in the immediate postoperative period must maintain a high index of suspicion for the development of complications. Evolving illness manifests itself throughout the continuum of care and must be recognized and aggressively managed to ensure optimal outcome. This article discusses common hemodynamic problems encountered in the postanesthesia care unit. These problems are presented in a clinical framework that is familiar to experienced practitioners and recognizable to trainees. This article reviews of these common problems including relevant physiologic principles; effects on hemodynamics; and a logical approach to evaluation, monitoring, and management of a complex postoperative patient.