RESUMO
PIM kinases are a family of three serine/threonine kinases expressed following T cell activation. Using potent selective small molecule antagonists of PIM-1/3 kinases, we demonstrate a potential role for these enzymes in naïve and effector CD4+ T cell activation. PIM-1/3 inhibition prevented CD4+ T cell proliferation by inducing a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest without affecting cellular survival. In the absence of PIM-1/3 kinase activity, naïve CD4+ T cells failed to fully differentiate into effector cells both in vitro and in vivo. Therapeutic dosing of a PIM-1/3 inhibitor was efficacious in a CD4+ T cell-mediated model of inflammatory bowel disease suggesting that PIM-1 and PIM-3 kinase activity contributes to sustained disease severity. These results demonstrate that PIM-1/3 kinases have an important role in CD4+ T cell responses and inhibition of this activity may provide a therapeutic benefit in T cell-mediated diseases.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/enzimologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/enzimologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-pim-1/imunologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-pim-1/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Processos de Crescimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Processos de Crescimento Celular/genética , Processos de Crescimento Celular/imunologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Citocinas/biossíntese , Fase G1/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/genética , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/imunologia , Janus Quinases/metabolismo , Ativação Linfocitária , MAP Quinase Quinase Quinases/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos SCID , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-pim-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-pim-1/genética , Fase de Repouso do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismoRESUMO
The importance of internal hydrogen bonding in a series of benzothiadiazine and 1,4-benzothiazine NS5b inhibitors has been explored. Computational analysis has been used to compare the protonated vs. anionic forms of each series and we demonstrate that activity against HCV NS5b polymerase is best explained using the anionic forms. The syntheses and structure-activity relationships for a variety of new analogs are also discussed.
Assuntos
Antivirais/síntese química , Benzotiadiazinas/síntese química , RNA Polimerases Dirigidas por DNA/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiazinas/síntese química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Antivirais/química , Antivirais/farmacologia , Benzotiadiazinas/química , Benzotiadiazinas/farmacologia , Biologia Computacional , Simulação por Computador , Cristalografia por Raios X , RNA Polimerases Dirigidas por DNA/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Humanos , Ligação Proteica , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiazinas/química , Tiazinas/farmacologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/metabolismo , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A series of benzo[d]isothiazole-1,1-dioxides were designed and evaluated as inhibitors of HCV polymerase NS5B. Structure-based design led to the incorporation of a high affinity methyl sulfonamide group. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of this series revealed analogues with submicromolar potencies in the HCV replicon assay and moderate pharmacokinetic properties. SAR studies combined with structure based drug design focused on the sulfonamide region led to a novel and potent cyclic analogue.
Assuntos
Antivirais/síntese química , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiazóis/química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antivirais/química , Antivirais/farmacocinética , Sítios de Ligação , Cristalografia por Raios X , Haplorrinos , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiazóis/síntese química , Tiazóis/farmacocinética , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/metabolismoRESUMO
Benzothiazine-substituted tetramic acids were discovered as highly potent non-nucleoside inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase. X-ray crystallography studies confirmed the binding mode of these inhibitors with HCV NS5B polymerase. Rational optimization of time dependent inactivation of CYP 3A4 and clearance was accomplished by incorporation of electron-withdrawing groups to the benzothiazine core.
Assuntos
Antivirais/síntese química , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirrolidinonas/química , Tiazinas/química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antivirais/química , Antivirais/farmacocinética , Sítios de Ligação , Cristalografia por Raios X , Pirrolidinonas/síntese química , Pirrolidinonas/farmacocinética , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/metabolismoRESUMO
A new series of benzothiazine-substituted quinolinediones were evaluated as inhibitors of HCV polymerase NS5B. SAR studies on this series revealed a methyl sulfonamide group as a high affinity feature. Analogues with this group showed submicromolar potencies in the HCV cell based replicon assay. Pharmacokinetic and toxicology studies were also performed on a selected compound (34) to evaluate in vivo properties of this new class of inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase.
Assuntos
Antivirais/química , RNA Polimerases Dirigidas por DNA/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinolinas/química , Quinolonas/química , Tiazinas/química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antivirais/síntese química , Antivirais/farmacocinética , Simulação por Computador , Cristalografia por Raios X , RNA Polimerases Dirigidas por DNA/metabolismo , Cães , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Humanos , Quinolinas/síntese química , Quinolinas/farmacocinética , Quinolonas/síntese química , Quinolonas/farmacologia , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Tiazinas/síntese química , Tiazinas/farmacologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/metabolismo , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Olefin metathesis has emerged as a versatile technology for the synthesis of combinatorial libraries with regard to both scaffold creation and embellishment. The incessant pursuit of 'next-generation' catalysts continues to raise the bar in terms of efficiency, functional group tolerability, diminished reaction times and temperatures and has helped foster both diversity-oriented and target-directed efforts. This report summarizes recent contributions in the area of olefin cross-metathesis and ring-closing metathesis as applied to combinatorial and parallel synthesis. These examples include generation of dimeric benzo[b]furans as novel probes for protein-protein interaction, a cross-metathesis approach to 'traceless linkers' for azide-containing sugars, stereo-diversified synthesis of 1,4- and 1,5-enediols, a novel mannitol derived combinatorial scaffold, parallel synthesis strategies for aza-sugars, as well as the synthesis of dehydro-Freidinger lactams.
Assuntos
Alcenos/química , Técnicas de Química Combinatória/métodos , Compostos de Organossilício/química , Azidas/química , Carboidratos/síntese química , Catálise , Química Orgânica/métodos , Furanos/química , Lactamas/síntese química , Modelos Químicos , Proteínas/química , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
The in silico construction of a PDGFRß kinase homology model and ensuing medicinal chemistry guided by molecular modeling, led to the identification of potent, small molecule inhibitors of PDGFR. Subsequent exploration of structure-activity relationships (SAR) led to the incorporation of a constrained secondary amine to enhance selectivity. Further refinements led to the integration of a fluorine substituted piperidine, which resulted in significant reduction of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) mediated efflux and improved bioavailability. Compound 28 displayed oral exposure in rodents and had a pronounced effect in a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) assay.
RESUMO
Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and a FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation have a poor prognosis, and FLT3 inhibitors are now under clinical investigation. PIM1, a serine/threonine kinase, is up-regulated in FLT3-ITD AML and may be involved in FLT3-mediated leukemogenesis. We employed a PIM1 inhibitor, AR00459339 (Array Biopharma Inc.), to investigate the effect of PIM1 inhibition in FLT3-mutant AML. Like FLT3 inhibitors, AR00459339 was preferentially cytotoxic to FLT3-ITD cells, as demonstrated in the MV4-11, Molm-14, and TF/ITD cell lines, as well as 12 FLT3-ITD primary samples. Unlike FLT3 inhibitors, AR00459339 did not suppress phosphorylation of FLT3, but did promote the de-phosphorylation of downstream FLT3 targets, STAT5, AKT, and BAD. Combining AR00459339 with a FLT3 inhibitor resulted in additive to mildly synergistic cytotoxic effects. AR00459339 was cytotoxic to FLT3-ITD samples from patients with secondary resistance to FLT3 inhibitors, suggesting a novel benefit to combining these agents. We conclude that PIM1 appears to be closely associated with FLT3 signaling, and that inhibition of PIM1 may hold therapeutic promise, either as monotherapy, or by overcoming resistance to FLT3 inhibitors.
Assuntos
Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-pim-1/antagonistas & inibidores , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/antagonistas & inibidores , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Western Blotting , Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaio de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Imunoprecipitação , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Mutação/genética , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-pim-1/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Sequências de Repetição em Tandem/genética , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/genética , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/metabolismoRESUMO
Transition metal-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions represent powerful methods for the construction of complex polycyclic systems. We have developed a new intermolecular metal-catalyzed [4 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of heteroatom-tethered enyne derivatives with 1,3-butadiene. This study demonstrates that excellent selectivity can be obtained for the heterocycloaddition adducts through the judicious choice of silver salt. The development of the tandem rhodium-catalyzed allylic substitution [4 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition provides a convenient three-component coupling that circumvents the prior formation of the enyne derivative. Finally, the introduction of a stereogenic center at C-2 leads to a diastereoselective cycloaddition, which provides a powerful new method for the construction of bicyclic octanoid ring systems applicable to target directed synthesis.