The effect of successful educational actions in transition from primary to secondary school.

While data show improvement in terms of educational access, dropout rates are significant in many countries. In Spain, 28% of students drop out of school without finishing secondary school, more than double the EU average. Thus, extensive research has shown the consequences of the dropout phenomenon, including negative effects on employment, welfare dependency, as well as health and emotional problems. The transition from primary to secondary education is a critical turning point. This situation worsens in the case of refugee and migrant minors who are refugees or with migrant backgrounds. Although there is strong evidence revealing the potential of SEAs to advance educational success for all in different contexts, no research has yet explored the effect of SEAs on enabling a successful transition from primary to secondary education, which could considerably impact decreasing dropout rates. Drawing on a qualitative case study of a secondary educational centre in Spain, this study analyses the impact of the implementation of three SEAs in key aspects related to primary-secondary transitions. Findings show how the systematic implementation of SEAs impacts the ease of the primary-secondary transition: positive relationships between the educational community are promoted, school connectedness across transition is strengthened, and academic support networks are enhanced. The study therefore suggests the benefits of SEAs as strategies that can enhance positive primary-secondary school transitions in terms of students' perception of belongingness, and academic performance.

Influence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus after one year of follow-up.

OBJECTIVES: Lockdown during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic generated uncertainty regarding its effects on the control of type 1 diabetes (DM1). Our study aims to evaluate the influence of the pandemic on the control of paediatric patients with DM1. METHODS: Longitudinal, retrospective, observational study in patients with DM1 attended between 15/10/2019 and 15/03/2020. Data were collected at that visit and at the three subsequent visits. The second was remote in 50% of cases. The variables analysed were: type of insulin therapy, time in range (TIR), time in hypoglycaemia (THypo), time in hyperglycaemia (THyper), coefficient of variation (CV), glycosylated haemoglobin, insulin requirements and anthropometric data. RESULTS: 157 patients were recruited. At the post-lockdown visit, the TIR increased and the THyper decreased with respect to the first (p<0.00) and second (p<0.00) visits. Patients treated with subcutaneous infusion showed a higher TIR at the third visit (p=0.03) and lower insulin requirements at the fourth visit (p=0.03) compared to patients treated with multiple doses. Patients with a remote visit presented a higher TIR (p<0.00), a lower THyper (p=0.00) and lower insulin requirements (p=0.01) at the next visit. Patients aged less than 6 years presented a lower glycosylated haemoglobin (p=0.01) and insulin requirements at the third (p=0.03) and fourth (p=0.01) visits, and a lower increase in body mass index (p=0.03) over the year. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic control improved at the post-lockdown visit. Patients treated with subcutaneous infusion, those who had a remote visit during strict lockdown and those aged less than 6 years had a better evolution.

How the Psychology of Education Contributes to Research With a Social Impact on the Education of Students With Special Needs: The Case of Successful Educational Actions.

One current challenge in the psychology of education is identifying the teaching strategies and learning contexts that best contribute to the learning of all students, especially those whose individual characteristics make their learning process more difficult, as is the case for students with special needs. One main theory in the psychology of education is the sociocultural approach to learning, which highlights the key role of interaction in children's learning. In the case of students with disabilities, this interactive understanding of learning is aligned with a social model of disability, which looks beyond individual students' limitations or potentialities and focuses on contextual aspects that can enhance their learning experience and results. In recent years, the interactive view of learning based on this theory has led to the development of educational actions, such as interactive groups and dialogic literary gatherings, that have improved the learning results of diverse children, including those with disabilities. The aim of this paper is to analyze the social impact achieved by a line of research that has explored the benefits of such successful educational actions for the education of students with special needs. National and European research projects based on the communicative methodology of research have been conducted. This methodology entails drawing on egalitarian dialogue with the end-users of research - including teachers, students with and without disabilities, students' relatives and other community members - to allow an intersubjective creation of knowledge that enables a deeper and more accurate understanding of the studied reality and its transformative potential. This line of research first allowed the identification of the benefits of interactive learning environments for students with disabilities educated in mainstream schools; later, it allowed the spreading of these actions to a greater number of mainstream schools; and more recently, it made it possible to transfer these actions to special schools and use these actions to create shared learning spaces between mainstream and special schools. The improvement of the educational opportunities for a greater number and greater diversity of students with special needs evidences the social impact of research based on key contributions of the psychology of education.

[HOSPITALS AS PROMOTERS OF SMOKELESS SPACES: STRATEGIES AIMED AT SMOKING CONTROL] / El hospital como centro promotor de espacios sin humo: estrategias dirigidas al control del tabaquismo.

The objective of this study was to describe the measures introduced at the Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, aimed at achieving a smoke-free environment, and encouraging research, training, and clinical approaches with respect to smoking. The experience gained as a center attached to the Catalan Network of Smokeless Hospitals since 2002 shows that preventing and controlling smoking requires a specific agenda developed by a competent committee comprising workers from all hospital areas. Likewise, coordination with other centers in the network is essential as it permits the sharing of experiences. The involvement of hospital management is critical for the effective introduction of health protection and promotion strategies, both in workers and in users. The raising of awareness and the ongoing training of all health workers and coordination with other health care providers in the Health network are the main aspects that require strengthening in the future.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las medidas llevadas a cabo en el Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol de Barcelona, destinadas a conseguir un entorno libre de humo, así como al desarrollo de actividades de investigación, formación y abordaje clínico en relación al tabaquismo. La experiencia como centro adherido a la Red Catalana de Hospitales Sin Humo desde 2002 nos revela que para la prevención y control del tabaquismo es necesaria una agenda específica desarrollada por un Comité competente, compuesto por trabajadores de diferentes estamentos y servicios del centro. Del mismo modo, consideramos fundamental la coordinación con otros centros de la Red que permita compartir experiencias, así como la implicación de la Dirección del Centro para la implementación efectiva de las estrategias de promoción y protección de la salud, tanto en los trabajadores como en los usuarios. La sensibilización y formación continuada de todo el personal sanitario y la coordinación con otros servicios proveedores de salud de la red sanitaria se perfilan como los principales puntos a reforzar en el futuro.