Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in the evaluation of liver steatosis: data reliability in different respiratory phases and body positions.

Liver steatosis is the most common chronic liver disease and affects 10-24% of the general population. As the grade of disease can range from fat infiltration to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis, an early diagnosis is needed to set the most appropriate therapy. Innovative noninvasive radiological techniques have been developed through MRI and US. MRI-PDFF is the reference standard, but it is not so widely diffused due to its cost. For this reason, ultrasound tools have been validated to study liver parenchyma. The qualitative assessment of the brightness of liver parenchyma has now been supported by quantitative values of attenuation and scattering to make the analysis objective and reproducible. We aim to demonstrate the reliability of quantitative ultrasound in assessing liver fat and to confirm the inter-operator reliability in different respiratory phases. We enrolled 45 patients examined during normal breathing at rest, peak inspiration, peak expiration, and semi-sitting position. The highest inter-operator agreement in both attenuation and scattering parameters was achieved at peak inspiration and peak expiration, followed by semi-sitting position. In conclusion, this technology also allows to monitor uncompliant patients, as it grants high reliability and reproducibility in different body position and respiratory phases.

Radiomics and 256-slice-dual-energy CT in the automated diagnosis of mild acute pancreatitis: the innovation of formal methods and high-resolution CT.

INTRODUCTION: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease, and several scores aim to assess its prognosis. Our study aims to automatically recognize mild AP from computed tomography (CT) images in patients with acute abdominal pain but uncertain diagnosis from clinical and serological data through Radiomic model based on formal methods (FMs). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the CT scans acquired with Dual Source 256-slice CT scanner (Somatom Definition Flash; Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) of 80 patients admitted to the radiology unit of Antonio Cardarelli hospital (Naples) with acute abdominal pain. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 40 underwent showed a healthy pancreatic gland, and 40 affected by four different grades (CTSI 0, 1, 2, 3) of mild pancreatitis at CT without clear clinical presentation or biochemical findings. Segmentation was manually performed. Radiologists identified 6 patients with a high expression of diseases (CTSI 3) to formulate a formal property (Rule) to detect AP in the testing set automatically. Once the rule was formulated, and Model Checker classified 70 patients into "healthy" or "unhealthy". RESULTS: The model achieved: accuracy 81%, precision 78% and recall 81%. Combining FMs results with radiologists agreement, and applying the mode in clinical practice, the global accuracy would have been 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Our model was reliable to automatically detect mild AP at primary diagnosis even in uncertain presentation and it will be tested prospectively in clinical practice.

Robot-Assisted Liver Resection and Cholecystectomy Using Indocyanine-Green for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma, in a Very Rare Anatomical Anomaly of 'Bipartite Liver'.

Robotic hepatobiliary surgery has significantly developed worldwide with substantial clinical results. Hepatobiliary anatomical anomalies increase the complexity of hepatobiliary resection with a relevant risk of iatrogenic lesions. Among congenital liver anomalies, the 'bipartite liver' is an extremely rare condition which might be associated with complex surgical dissection of the hepatic hilum. We herein report a rare case of congenital 'bipartite liver' associated with a cholangiocarcinoma of segment VI and calculous cholecystitis. The patient underwent robot-assisted segmentectomy and cholecystectomy with the use of indocyanine-green cholangiography and intraoperative ultrasound. A challenging hilar dissection was performed using this approach. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported that describes a robot-assisted liver resection and cholecystectomy in a patient having a cholangiocarcinoma associated with this rare liver anomaly. The robotic approach was safe and effective and the 3D preoperative imaging, as well as the intraoperative green-indocyanine cholangiography was extremely useful, especially during hilar dissection and cholecystectomy.

Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in Tumor Vascularization.

Tumor diseases are unfortunately quick spreading, even though numerous studies are under way to improve early diagnosis and targeted treatments that take into account both the different characteristics associated with the various tumor types and the conditions of individual patients. In recent years, studies have focused on the role of ion channels in tumor development, as these proteins are involved in several cellular processes relevant to neoplastic transformation. Among all ion channels, many studies have focused on the superfamily of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, which are non-selective cation channels mediating extracellular Ca2+ influx. In this review, we examined the role of different endothelial TRP channel isoforms in tumor vessel formation, a process that is essential in tumor growth and metastasis.

Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Response to Endothelial Dysfunction and Clinical Evidences.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by the swelling of multiple joints, pain and stiffness, and accelerated atherosclerosis. Sustained immune response and chronic inflammation, which characterize RA, may induce endothelial activation, damage and dysfunction. An equilibrium between endothelial damage and repair, together with the preservation of endothelial integrity, is of crucial importance for the homeostasis of endothelium. Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) represent a heterogenous cell population, characterized by the ability to differentiate into mature endothelial cells (ECs), which contribute to vascular homeostasis, neovascularization and endothelial repair. A modification of the number and function of EPCs has been described in numerous chronic inflammatory and auto-immune conditions; however, reports that focus on the number and functions of EPCs in RA are characterized by conflicting results, and discrepancies exist among different studies. In the present review, the authors describe EPCs' role and response to RA-related endothelial modification, with the aim of illustrating current evidence regarding the level of EPCs and their function in this disease, to summarize EPCs' role as a biomarker in cardiovascular comorbidities related to RA, and finally, to discuss the modulation of EPCs secondary to RA therapy.

Impact of Physical Activity on Disability Risk in Elderly Patients Hospitalized for Mild Acute Diverticulitis and Diverticular Bleeding Undergone Conservative Management.

Background and Objectives: The role of physical activity (PA) in elderly patients admitted to surgical units for mild acute diverticulitis in the development of disability has not been clarified so far. Our aim is to demonstrate the relationship between physical activity and better post-discharge outcomes on disability in elderly population affected by diverticular disease. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data of 56 patients (32 Males-24 females) collected from October 2018 and March 2020 at Cardarelli Hospital in Campobasso. We included patients older than 65 yrs admitted for acute bleeding and acute diverticulitis stage ≤II, characterized by a good independence status, without cognitive impairment and low risk of immobilization, as evaluated by activity of daily living (ADL) and the instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) and Exton-Smith Scale. "Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly" (PASE) Score evaluated PA prior to admission and at first check up visit. Results: 30.4% of patients presented a good PA, 46.4% showed moderate PA and 23.2% a low PA score. A progressive reduction in ADL and IADL score was associated with lower physical activity (p value = 0.0038 and 0.0017). We consider cognitive performance reduction with a cut off of loss of more than 5 points in Short Port of ADL and IADL and a loss of more than 15 points on Exton-Smith Scale, (p-value 0.017 and 0.010). In the logistic regression analysis, which evaluated the independent role of PASE in disability development, statistical significance was not reached, showing an Odds Ratio of 0.51 95% CI 0.25-1.03 p value 0.062. Discussion: Reduced physical activity in everyday life in elderly is associated with increased post-hospitalization disability regarding independence, cognitive performance and immobilization. Conclusions: Poor physical performance diagnosis may allow to perform a standardized multidimensional protocol to improve PA to reduce disability incidence.

Robot-assisted surgery in elderly and very elderly population: our experience in oncologic and general surgery with literature review.

BACKGROUND: Although there is no agreement on a definition of elderly, commonly an age cutoff of ≥65 or 75 years is used. Nowadays most of malignancies requiring surgical treatment are diagnosed in old population. Comorbidities and frailty represent well-known problems during and after surgery in elderly patients. Minimally invasive surgery offers earlier postoperative mobilization, less blood loss, lower morbidity as well as reduction in hospital stay and as such represents an interesting and validated option for elderly population. Robot-assisted surgery is a recent improvement of conventional minimally invasive surgery. AIMS: We provided a complete review of old and very old patients undergoing robot-assisted surgery for oncologic and general surgery interventions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of all patients undergoing robot-assisted surgery in our General Surgery Unit from September 2012 to June 2016 was conducted. Analysis was performed for the entire cohort and in particular for three of the most performed surgeries (gastric resections, right colectomy, and liver resections) classifying patients into three age groups: ≤64, 65-79, and ≥80. Data from these three different age groups were compared and examined in respect of different outcomes: ASA score, comorbidities, oncologic outcomes, conversion rate, estimated blood loss, hospital stay, geriatric events, mortality, etc. RESULTS: Using our in-patient robotic surgery database, we retrospectively examined 363 patients, who underwent robot-assisted surgery for different diseases (402 different robotic procedures): colorectal surgery, upper GI, HPB, etc.; the oncologic procedures were 81%. Male were 56%. The mean age was 65.63 years (18-89). Patients aged ≥65 years represented 61% and ≥80 years 13%. Overall conversion rate was of 6%, most in the group 65-79 years (59% of all conversions). The more frequent diseases treated were colorectal surgery 43%, followed by hepatobilopancreatic surgery 23.4%, upper gastro-intestinal 23.2%, and others 10.4%. DISCUSSION: Robot-assisted surgery is a safe and effective technique in aging patient population too. There was no increased risk of death or morbidity compared to younger patients in the three groups examined. A higher conversion rate was observed in our experience for patients aged 65-79. Prolonged operative time and in any cases steep positions (Trendelenburg) have not represented a problem for the majority of patients. CONCLUSIONS: In any case, considering the high direct costs, minimally invasive robot-assisted surgery should be performed on a case-by-case basis, tailored to each patient with their specific histories and comorbidities.

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy in elderly patients: is it safe?

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) appears to be safe and effective as open distal pancreatectomy (ODP) for benign or borderline malignant lesion. However, studies comparing LDP with ODP in elderly patients are limited. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of these two several approaches in elderly patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out by comparing laparoscopic (n = 7) and open (n = 15) distal pancreatectomy in elderly patients performed at the University of Naples "Federico II" and University of Perugia between January 2012 and December 2015. Demographic data, operative and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Demographic and tumor characteristics of laparoscopic and ODP were similar. There were also no significant differences in operating room time. Patients undergoing LDP had lower blood loss, first flatus time, diet start time and postoperative hospital stay. There were no significant differences in complication rates or 90-day mortality. DISCUSSION: LDP is safe and feasible as ODP in selected elderly patients.

[Anti remodeling therapy: new strategies and future perspective in post-ischemic heart failure. Part II]. / Terapie antiremodeling: nuove strategie e prospettive future nell'insufficienza cardiaca cronica post ischemica: Parte II.

In recent years, the remarkable progress achieved in terms of survival after myocardial infarction have led to an increased incidence of chronic heart failure in survivors. This phenomenon is due to the still incomplete knowledge we possess about the complex pathophysiological mechanisms that regulate the response of cardiac tissue to ischemic injury. These involve various cell types such as fibroblasts, cells of the immune system, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes and stem cells, as well as a myriad of mediators belonging to the system of cytokines and not only. In parallel with the latest findings on post-infarct remodeling, new potential therapeutic targets are arising to halt the progression of disease. After the evaluation of the results obtained from gene therapy and stem cells, in this part we evaluate micro-RNA, post-translational modification and microspheres based therapy.

Robotic versus open resection for colorectal liver metastases in a "referral centre Hub&Spoke learning program". A multicenter propensity score matching analysis of perioperative outcomes.

Background: Surgical resection is still considered the optimal treatment for colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). Although laparoscopic and robotic surgery demonstrated their reliability especially in referral centers, the comparison between perioperative outcomes of robotic liver resection (RLR) and open (OLR) liver resection are still debated when performed in referral centers for robotic surgery, not dedicated to HPB. Our study aimed to verify the efficacy and safety of perioperative outcomes after RLR and OLR for CRLM in an HUB&Spoke learning program (H&S) between a high volume center for liver surgery and high volume center for robotic surgery. Methods: We analyzed prospective databases of Pineta Grande Hospital (Castel Volturno) and Robotic Surgical Units (Foligno-Spoleto and Arezzo) from 2011 to 2021. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed according to baseline characteristics of patients, solitary/multiple CRLM, anterolateral/posterosuperior location. Results: 383 patients accepted to be part of the study (268 ORL and 115 RLR). After PSM, 45 patients from each group were included. Conversion rate was 8.89 %. RLR group had a significantly lower blood loss (226 vs. 321 ml; p=0.0001), and fewer major complications (13.33 % vs. 17.78 %; p=0.7722). R0 resection was obtained in 100% of OLR (vs.95.55%, p =0.4944. Hospital stay was 8.8 days in RLR (vs. 15; p=0.0001).Conclusion: H&S represents a safe and effective program to train general surgeons also in Hepatobiliary surgery providing R0 resection rate, blood loss volume and morbidity rate superimposable to referral centers. Furthermore, H&S allow a reduction of health mobility with consequent money saving for patients and institutions.

Emergency robotic surgery: the experience of a single center and review of the literature.

BACKGROUNDS: Laparoscopic surgery is widely used in abdominal emergency surgery (AES), and the possibility of extending this approach to the more recent robotic surgery (RS) arouses great interest. The slow diffusion of robotic technology mainly due to high costs and the longer RS operative time when compared to laparoscopy may represent disincentives, especially in AES. This study aims to report our experience in the use of RS in AES assessing its safety and feasibility, with particular focus on intra- and post-operative complications, conversion rate, and surgical learning curve. Our data were also compared to other experiences though an extensive literature review. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed a single surgeon series of the last 10 years. From January 2014 to December 2023, 36 patients underwent urgent or emergency RS. The robotic devices used were Da Vinci Si (15 cases) and Xi (21 cases). RESULTS: 36 (4.3%) out of 834 robotic procedures were included in our analysis: 20 (56.56%) females. The mean age was 63 years and 30% of patients were ≥ 70 years. 2 (5.55%) procedures were performed at night. No conversions to open were reported in this series. According to the Clavien-Dindo classification, 2 (5.5%) major complications were collected. Intraoperative and 30-day mortality were 0%. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that RS may be a useful and reliable approach also to AES and intraoperative laparoscopic complications when performed in selected hemodynamically stable patients in very well-trained robotic centers. The technology may increase the minimally invasive use and conversion rate in emergent settings in a completely robotic or hybrid approach.

Cornerstones and divergencies in the implementation and use of liver hypertrophy techniques: results from a nationwide survey for the set-up of the prospective registry.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this national survey on liver hypertrophy techniques was to track the trends of their use and implementation in Italy and to detect analogies and heterogeneities among centers. METHODS: In December 2022, Italian centers with liver resection activity were specifically contacted and asked to fill an online questionnaire composed of 6 sections including a total of 51 questions. RESULTS: 46 Italian centers filled the questionnaire. The proportion of major/total number of liver resections was 27% and the use of hypertrophy techniques was required in 6,2% of cases. The most frequent reason of drop out was disease progression in 58.5% of cases. Most frequently used techniques were PVE and ALPPS with an increasing use of hepatic venous deprivation (HVD). Heterogeneous answers were provided regarding the cutoff values to indicate the need for hypertrophy techniques. Criteria to allocate a patient to different hypertrophy techniques are not standardized. CONCLUSIONS: The use of hypertrophy techniques is deep-rooted in Italy, documenting the established value of their role in improving resectability rate. While an evolution of techniques is detectable, still significant heterogeneity is perceived in terms of cutoff values, indications and managing protocols.

Minimal invasive surgery in treatment of liver metastases from colorectal carcinomas: case studies and survival rates.

BACKGROUND: Liver represents the main organ subject to metastases from colorectal tumors. Resections of liver metastases from colorectal cancer have a well-considered therapeutic role underlined by survival of 5 years by approximately 50-60% of surgical cases as is deduced from an analysis of the most recent literature. The objective of surgery is to eradicate the metastases present and obtain a margin free from neoplastic impact of amplitude of approximately 1 cm with residual liver quantity at the end of the intervention that allows the patient to survive. Currently the dimensions and the number of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) do not limit the hepatectomy. Purpose of this work is to evaluate the survival, according to our case studies of patients treated only with the wedge resection (atypical resection) approximately 1 cm from the margins of metastases. METHODS: In "A. Rizzoli" Lacco Ameno Hospital (Ischia), from 2005 to 2010, 12 liver resections were performed for metastases from colorectal carcinoma with atypical resection. Synchronous surgical treatment with resection of the colorectal carcinoma and metastases was performed in 6 patients, 2 female and 4 male (Group 1). Surgical liver metastasectomy post-colectomy was performed on 6 patients, 3 female and 3 male (Group 2). RESULTS: No patient was treated with chemotherapy. The mortality rate of intraoperative and perioperative infection was in both cases of 0%. Survival:11 patients treated surgically from 2005-2010 with synchronous surgery resection (Group 1) and liver metastasectomy (Group 2) are currently living. One 77-years-old patient died three years after surgery for BPCO. CONCLUSIONS: This result was able to be obtained due to the wedge resection technique routinely used in our Hospital, associated with the indispensable use of intraoperatory ultrasound (IOUS). Significant differences between the synchronous and non-synchronous intervention emerged only regarding the number of days of hospital stay, higher in the first case.

Neuraxial anesthesia in hepato-pancreatic-bilio surgery: a first western pilot study of 46 patients.

The most common anesthetic approach in hepato-pancreatic-biliary (HPB) surgery is general anesthesia (GA), but it may result in increased morbidity and mortality and peri-operative risks especially in frail patients. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of neuraxial anesthesia (NA) in HPB in a pilot clinical series. This analysis was conducted on 46 consecutive patients undergoing HPB surgery in an Italian Tertial referral center. Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA), combined spino-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) and peridural anesthesia (PA) were used in major and minor hepatectomies and bilio-pancreatic surgery instead of GA. NA was evaluated by analyzing the surgical and anesthesiological short-term outcomes. 46 patients were considered eligible for the study between February 2018 and May 2020. The average age was 69.07 (± 9.95) years. 22 were males and 24 were females. According to the ASA score, 19 (41.30%) patients had ASA II, 22 (47.83%) had ASA III and 5 (10.87%) had ASA IV. 22 (47.83%) patients underwent CSA, 20 (43.48%) CSEA and 4 (8.69%) PA. We performed 8 major and 19 minor hepatectomies, 7 bilio-digestive derivations, 5 Whipple procedures, 4 iatrogenic biliary duct injuries, 2 splenopancreatectomies and 1 hepatic cyst fenestration. Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3 was observed in 3 patients. The conversion rate to endotracheal intubation occurring in 3 of 46 (6.52%) patients. After surgery, no local or pulmonary complications and delirium were reported in our series. The present study demonstrates that NA is a safe and feasible option in selected patients, if performed in referral centers by well-trained anaesthesiologists and surgeons.

Emprint Microwave Thermoablation System: Bridging Thermal Ablation Efficacy between Human Patients and Porcine Models through Mathematical Correlation.

To investigate the in vivo ablation characteristics of a microwave ablation antenna in the livers of humans with tumors, a retrospective analysis of the ablation zones was conducted after applying Emprint microwave ablation systems for treatment. Percutaneous microwave ablations performed between January 2022 and September 2022 were included in this study. Subsequently, immediate post-ablation echography images were subjected to retrospective evaluation to state the long ablated diameter, short ablated diameter, and volume. The calculated ablation lengths and volume indices were then compared between in vivo and ex vivo results obtained from laboratory experiments conducted on porcine liver. The ex vivo data showed a good correlation between energy delivered and both increasing ablated dimensions (both p < 0.001) and volume (p < 0.001). The in vivo data showed a good correlation for dimensions (p = 0.037 and p = 0.019) and a worse correlation for volume (p = 0.142). When comparing ex vivo and in vivo data for higher energies, the ablated volumes grew much more rapidly in ex vivo cases compared to in vivo ones. Finally, a set of correlations to scale ex vivo results with in vivo ones is presented. This phenomenon was likely due to the absence of perfusion, which acts as a cooling system.

Robotic revision surgery after failed Nissen anti-reflux surgery: a single center experience and a literature review.

BACKGROUND: The gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) worldwide prevalence is increasing maybe due to population aging and the obesity epidemic. Nissen fundoplication is the most common surgical procedure for GERD with a failure rate of approximately 20% which might require a redo surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes of robotic redo procedures after anti-reflux surgery failure including a narrative review. METHODS: We reviewed our 15-year experience from 2005 to 2020 including 317 procedures, 306 for primary, and 11 for revisional surgery. RESULTS: Patients included in the redo series underwent primary Nissen fundoplication with a mean age of 57.6 years (range, 43-71). All procedures were minimally invasive and no conversion to open surgery was registered. The meshes were used in five (45.45%) patients. The mean operative time was 147 min (range, 110-225) and the mean hospital stay was 3.2 days (range, 2-7). At a mean follow-up of 78 months (range, 18-192), one patient suffered for persistent dysphagia and one for delayed gastric emptying. We had two (18.19%) Clavien-Dindo grade IIIa complications, consisting of postoperative pneumothoraxes treated with chest drainage. CONCLUSION: Redo anti-reflux surgery is indicated in selected patients and the robotic approach is safe when it is performed in specialized centers, considering its surgical technical difficulty.

Therapeutic outcomes with surgical and medical management for primary aldosteronism: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Treatment strategies for primary aldosteronism (PA) include unilateral adrenalectomy and medical treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists. Whether these two different treatment strategies are comparable in mitigating the detrimental effect of PA on outcomes is still debated. OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of this systematic review is to identify, appraise and synthesise existing literature comparing clinical outcomes after treatment in patients with PA. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic and comprehensive search will be performed using PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE, for studies published until December 2022. Observational and interventional studies will be eligible for inclusion. The quality of observational studies will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, while interventional studies will be assessed using the Cochrane Effective Practice Organization of Care tool. The collected evidence will be narratively synthesised. We will perform meta-analysis to pool estimates from studies considered to be homogeneous. Reporting of the systematic review and meta-analysis will be in accordance with the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: As this study is based solely on the published literature, no ethics approval is required. This review will aim to provide some estimates on outcomes, including survival, rates of clinical and biochemical control, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, as well as data on quality of life and renal function, in patients with PA treated surgically or with MR antagonists. The study findings will be presented at scientific meetings and will be published in an international peer-reviewed scientific journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022362506.

The uniportal VATS in the treatment of stage II pleural empyema: a safe and effective approach for adults and elderly patients-a single-center experience and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Pleural empyema (PE) is a frequent disease, associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Surgical approach is the standard of care for most patients with II-III stage PE. In the last years, the minimally invasive surgical revolution involved also thoracic surgery allowing the same outcomes in terms of safety and effectiveness combined to better pain management and early discharge. The aim of this study is to demonstrate through our experience on uniportal-video-assisted thoracoscopy (u-VATS) the effectiveness and safety of its approach in treatment of stage II PE. As secondary endpoint, we will evaluate the different pattern of indication of u-VATS in adult and elderly patients with literature review. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our prospectively collected database of u-VATS procedures from November 2018 to February 2022, in our regional referral center for Thoracic Surgery of Regione Molise General Surgery Unit of "A. Cardarelli" Hospital, in Campobasso, Molise, Italy. RESULTS: A total of 29 patients underwent u-VATS for II stage PE. Fifteen (51.72%) patients were younger than 70 years old, identified as "adults," 14 (48.28%) patients were older than 70 years old, identified as "elderly." No mortality was found. Mean operative time was 104.68 ± 39.01 min in the total population. The elderly group showed a longer operative time (115 ± 53.15 min) (p = 0.369). Chest tube was removed earlier in adults than in elderly group (5.56 ± 2.06 vs. 10.14 ± 5.58 p = 0.038). The Length of Stay (LOS) was shorter in the adults group (6.44 ± 2.35 vs. 12.29 ± 6.96 p = 0.033). Patients evaluated through Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale returned to normal activities of daily living after surgery. CONCLUSION: In addition, the u-VATS approach seems to be safe and effective ensuring a risk reduction of progression to stage III PE with a lower recurrence risk and septic complications also in elderly patients. Further comparative multicenter analysis are advocated to set the role of u-VATS approach in the treatment of PE in adults and elderly patients.

The role of liver surgery in simultaneous synchronous colorectal liver metastases and colorectal cancer resections: a literature review of 1730 patients underwent open and minimally invasive surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant neoplastic disease in the world. Approximately 25-35% of patients affected by CRC will develop liver metastasis, and a percentage of 15-25% occurred in synchronous liver metastases (SCRLM) at the moment of CRC diagnosis or previously. Our aim is to investigate through an extensive literature review the effectiveness and safety of simultaneous SCRLM and CRC in open, laparoscopic and robotic surgery analyzing pre-, intra- and post-operative surgical outcomes and 1-, 3- and 5- years overall survival and disease-free survival. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A literature review was carried out on PubMed (Medline) and Cochrane libraries until 16th of April 2022. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Forty-one articles were included and subjected to a qualitative and quantitative analysis. A total of 3038 patients were included; 1730 out of 3038 (56.94%) patients who underwent a simultaneous resection for SCRLM were identified. The mean age was 61.10±9.95 and a 1170 of males and 840 of females emerges. The mean blood loss was 422.23±238.31 mL, the mean operative time was 368.94±88.47 min. The mean Length of Stay was 14.21±6.06 days; 126 (12.79%) patients were Clavien-Dindo grade ≥III complications. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for simultaneous SCRLM and CRC resections shows peri-operative advantages over open surgery. Furthermore, considering postoperative benefits and long-term outcome, MIS could be the choice treatment in these patients.

Groin Surgical Site Infection in Vascular Surgery: Systemic Review on Peri-Operative Antibiotic Prophylaxis.

OBJECTIVES: Surgical site infections (SSIs) in lower extremity vascular surgeries, post-groin incision, are not only common complications and significant contributors to patient mortality and morbidity, but also major financial burdens on healthcare systems and patients. In spite of recent advances in pre- and post-operative care, SSI rates in the vascular surgery field remain significant. However, compliant antibiotic therapy can successfully reduce the SSI incidence pre- and post-surgery. METHODS: In October 2021, we conducted a systematic literature review using OVID, PubMed, and EMBASE databases, centered on studies published between January 1980 and December 2020. The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses checklist. Inclusion/exclusion criteria have been carefully selected and reported in the text. For analyses, we calculated 95% confidence intervals (CI) and weighted odds ratios to amalgamate control and study groups in publications. We applied The Cochrane Collaboration tool to assess bias risk in selected studies. RESULTS: In total, 592 articles were identified. After the removal of duplicates and excluded studies, 36 full-texts were included for review. CONCLUSIONS: The review confirmed that antibiotic therapy, administered according to all peri-operative protocols described, is useful in reducing groin SSI rate in vascular surgery.