Magnetoelastic standing waves induced in UO2 by microsecond magnetic field pulses.

Magnetoelastic dilatometry of the piezomagnetic antiferromagnet UO2 was performed via the fiber Bragg grating method in magnetic fields up to 150 T generated by a single-turn coil setup. We show that in microsecond timescales, pulsed-magnetic fields excite mechanical resonances at temperatures ranging from 10 to 300 K, in the paramagnetic as well as within the robust antiferromagnetic state of the material. These resonances, which are barely attenuated within the 100-µs observation window, are attributed to the strong magnetoelastic coupling in UO2 combined with the high crystalline quality of the single crystal samples. They compare well with mechanical resonances obtained by a resonant ultrasound technique and superimpose on the known nonmonotonic magnetostriction background. A clear phase shift of π in the lattice oscillations is observed in the antiferromagnetic state when the magnetic field overcomes the piezomagnetic switch field H[Formula: see text] T. We present a theoretical argument that explains this unexpected behavior as a result of the reversal of the antiferromagnetic order parameter at Hc.

SARS-CoV-2 Continuous Genetic Divergence and Changes in Multiplex RT-PCR Detection Pattern on Positive Retesting Median 150 Days after Initial Infection.

Being in the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic, our lab tested 193,054 specimens for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by diagnostic multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) starting in March 2020, of which 17,196 specimens resulted positive. To investigate the dynamics of virus molecular evolution and epidemiology, whole genome amplification (WGA) and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) were performed on 9516 isolates. 7586 isolates with a high quality were further analyzed for the mutation frequency and spectrum. Lastly, we evaluated the utility of the mRT-PCR detection pattern among 26 reinfected patients with repeat positive testing three months after testing negative from the initial infection. Our results show a continuation of the genetic divergence in viral genomes. Furthermore, our results indicate that independent mutations in the primer and probe regions of the nucleocapsid gene amplicon and envelope gene amplicon accumulate over time. Some of these mutations correlate with the changes of detection pattern of viral targets of mRT-PCR. Our data highlight the significance of a continuous genetic divergence on a gene amplification-based assay, the value of the mRT-PCR detection pattern for complementing the clinical diagnosis of reinfection, and the potential for WGA and NGS to identify mutation hotspots throughout the entire viral genome to optimize the design of the PCR-based gene amplification assay.

Co-Infection with 4 Species of Mycobacteria Identified by Using Next-Generation Sequencing.

We identified co-infection with 4 species of mycobacteria in a woman in New York, New York, USA, by using next-generation sequencing. This procedure is useful for identifying co-infections with multiple mycobacteria, tracing the geographic origin of strains, investigating transmission dynamics in susceptible populations, and gaining insight into prevention and control.

Ultrafast Fiber Bragg Grating Interrogation for Sensing in Detonation and Shock Wave Experiments.

Chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) sensors coupled to high speed interrogation systems are described as robust diagnostic approaches to monitoring shock wave and detonation front propagation tracking events for use in high energy density shock physics applications. Taking advantage of the linear distributed spatial encoding of the spectral band in single-mode CFBGs, embedded fiber systems and associated photonic interrogation methodologies are shown as an effective approach to sensing shock and detonation-driven loading processes along the CFBG length. Two approaches, one that detects spectral changes in the integrated spectrum of the CFBG and another coherent pulse interrogation approach that fully resolves its spectral response, shows that 100-MHz-1-GHz interrogation rates are possible with spatial resolution along the CFBG in the 50 µm to sub-millimeter range depending on the combination of CFBG parameters (i.e., length, chirp rate, spectrum) and interrogator design specifics. Results from several dynamic tests are used to demonstrate the performance of these high speed systems for shock and detonation propagation tracking under strong and weak shock pressure loading: (1) linear detonation front tracking in the plastic bonded explosive (PBX) PBX-9501; (2) tracking of radial decaying shock with crossover to non-destructive CFBG response; (3) shock wave tracking along an aluminum cylinder wall under weak loading accompanied by dynamic strain effects in the CFBG sensor.

Fiber Bragg Grating Dilatometry in Extreme Magnetic Field and Cryogenic Conditions.

In this work, we review single mode SiO2 fiber Bragg grating techniques for dilatometry studies of small single-crystalline samples in the extreme environments of very high, continuous, and pulsed magnetic fields of up to 150 T and at cryogenic temperatures down to <1 K. Distinct millimeter-long materials are measured as part of the technique development, including metallic, insulating, and radioactive compounds. Experimental strategies are discussed for the observation and analysis of the related thermal expansion and magnetostriction of materials, which can achieve a strain sensitivity (ΔL/L) as low as a few parts in one hundred million (≈10-8). The impact of experimental artifacts, such as those originating in the temperature dependence of the fiber's index of diffraction, light polarization rotation in magnetic fields, and reduced strain transfer from millimeter-long specimens, is analyzed quantitatively using analytic models available in the literature. We compare the experimental results with model predictions in the small-sample limit, and discuss the uncovered discrepancies.

Coherent pulse interrogation system for fiber Bragg grating sensing of strain and pressure in dynamic extremes of materials.

A 100 MHz fiber Bragg grating (FBG) interrogation system is described and applied to strain and pressure sensing. The approach relies on coherent pulse illumination of the FBG sensor with a broadband short pulse from a femtosecond modelocked erbium fiber laser. After interrogation of the FBG sensor, a long multi-kilometer run of single mode fiber is used for chromatic dispersion to temporally stretch the spectral components of the reflected pulse from the FBG sensor. Dynamic strain or pressure induced spectral shifts in the FBG sensor are detected as a pulsed time domain waveform shift after encoding by the chromatic dispersive line. Signals are recorded using a single 35 GHz photodetector and a 50 G Samples per second, 25 GHz bandwidth, digitizing oscilloscope. Application of this approach to high-speed strain sensing in magnetic materials in pulsed magnetic fields to ~150 T is demonstrated. The FBG wavelength shifts are used to study magnetic field driven magnetostriction effects in LaCoO3. A sub-microsecond temporal shift in the FBG sensor wavelength attached to the sample under first order phase change appears as a fractional length change (strain: ΔL/L<10-4) in the material. A second application used FBG sensing of pressure dynamics to nearly 2 GPa in the thermal ignition of the high explosive PBX-9501 is also demonstrated. Both applications demonstrate the use of this FBG interrogation system in dynamical extreme conditions that would otherwise not be possible using traditional FBG interrogation approaches that are deemed too slow to resolve such events.

Omadacycline for the treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus infections: Case series and review of the literature.

Treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus infections are problematic due to inherent multidrug resistance and lack of response to antibacterials commonly used as therapy for other mycobacterial infections. We report the clinical success of five patients who received definitive-treatment with an omadacycline-containing combination regimen for M. abscessus infection.

Omadacycline in the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in patients with comorbidities: a post-hoc analysis of the phase 3 OPTIC trial.

Introduction: The 2019 American Thoracic Society/Infectious Disease Society of America guidelines recommend respiratory fluoroquinolones to treat community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) in adults with comorbidities. Fluoroquinolones are effective against both typical and atypical pathogens. However, fluoroquinolone treatment has a risk of adverse effects, and the Food and Drug Administration has issued black box safety warnings for their use. Inpatient use of fluoroquinolones has reduced as a result; however, most antibiotic courses are completed as outpatients and discharge prescriptions account for the majority of fluoroquinolone use. As such, a new treatment option is needed to replace fluoroquinolones. Omadacycline is an aminomethylcycline antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity and is available as a once-daily intravenous or bioequivalent oral formulation. Methods: This study assessed the safety and clinical efficacy of omadacycline compared with moxifloxacin for the treatment of adult CABP patients with Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) risk class II/III and ≥1 comorbidity through a post-hoc analysis of the phase 3 OPTIC study (NCT02531438). Results: In total, 239 omadacycline- and 222 moxifloxacin-treated patients were assessed. The median age was similar between groups (omadacycline: 57 years; moxifloxacin: 58 years), with 26.0% and 26.6%, respectively, ≥65 years of age. Early clinical response was 91.6% for patients with ≥1 comorbidity treated with omadacycline and 91.4% for those treated with moxifloxacin. Post-treatment evaluation results for overall response were 89.1% in the omadacycline group and 87.4% in the moxifloxacin group. Conclusion: Safety warnings have reduced inpatient use of fluoroquinolones; however, outpatient and discharge prescriptions account for the majority of fluoroquinolone use. Outpatients with comorbidities need an efficacious alternative to fluoroquinolones. Omadacycline maintains the similar efficacy and benefits of fluoroquinolones as a once-daily, monotherapy, bioequivalent oral option with potent in vitro activity against the most common CABP pathogens, including S. pneumoniae and atypical pathogens, but offers a materially different safety profile consistent with its tetracycline heritage. In conclusion, both omadacycline and moxifloxacin exhibited similar efficacy in patients with PSI risk class II/III and comorbidities. Omadacycline fulfills an unmet need as an oral monotherapy treatment option for adult patients with CABP, which will further reduce the use of fluoroquinolones. Clinical trial registration: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02531438, identifer: NCT02531438; https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2013-004071-13, identifier: EudraCT #2013-004071-13.

Combination antibiotic therapy for treatment of a patient with infected prosthesis and peri-prosthetic abscess due to Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring New Delhi Metallo (NDM) beta-lactamase.

Treatment options for patients infected with multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria harboring metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) requires precision therapy. We present the case of a 20 year-old male with a right distal femoral peri-prosthetic abscess with presumed infected hardware and osteomyelitis in whom four multi-drug resistant gram negative bacteria were isolated. The rapid identification of an MBL producing organism, novel combination of therapy, and prompt infection prevention enforcement and education led to appropriate treatment of our patient as well as prevention of spread of organisms during and after hospitalization. This case illustrated successful management of multiple challenges faced by patients infected and/or harboring extensively resistant bacteria.

Implementation of a Collaborated Antimicrobial Stewardship Program and Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) Unit-driven Monoclonal Antibody Therapy Program for COVID-19 at an NYC Hospital.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the processes and clinical outcomes of a joint collaboration between Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) and the outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) unit for delivery of monoclonal antibody therapy for mild-to-moderate COVID-19. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective, interim analysis of our COVID-19 monoclonal antibody therapy program. Outcomes included clinical response, incidence of hospitalization, and adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 175 patients (casirivimab-imdevimab, n = 130; bamlanivimab, n = 45) were treated between December 2020 and March 1, 2021. The median time from symptom onset was 6 (IQR 4, 8) days at time of treatment. Of 135 patients available for follow-up, 71.9% and 85.9% of patients reported symptom improvement within 3 and 7 days of treatment, respectively. A total of 9 (6.7%) patients required COVID-19-related hospitalization for progression of symptoms, all within 14 days of treatment. A total of 7 (4%) patients experienced an infusion-related reaction. CONCLUSIONS: ASP-OPAT collaboration is a novel approach to implement an efficient and safe monoclonal antibody therapy program for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19.

Ultrafast hopping dynamics of 5f electrons in the Mott insulator UO2 studied by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy.

We describe a femtosecond pump-probe study of ultrafast hopping dynamics of 5f electrons in the Mott insulator UO2 following Mott-gap excitation at temperatures of 5-300 K. Hopping-induced response of the lattice and electrons is probed by transient reflectivity at mid- and above-gap photon energies, respectively. These measurements show an instantaneous hop, subsequent picosecond lattice deformation, followed by acoustic phonon emission and microsecond relaxation. Temperature-dependent studies indicate that the slow relaxation results from Hubbard excitons formed by U³âº-U5⁺ pairs.

Scaling behavior of ultrafast two-color terahertz generation in plasma gas targets: energy and pressure dependence.

Ultrafast terahertz emission from two-color generated laser plasma gas targets is studied using air and the noble gases (neon, argon, krypton, and xenon) as the generation media. Terahertz output pulse energy and power spectra are measured as function of gas species, gas pressure, and input pulse energy up to 6 mJ per pulse using a 40-fs 1-kHz Ti:sapphire laser system as the drive source. Terahertz pulse energies approaching 1 microJ per pulse with spectral content out to 40 THz and pulse duration of 35 fs is reported. A simple one dimensional transient photocurrent ionization model is used to calculate the spectra showing good agreement with experiments.

Peripheral Vascular Trauma in Pediatrics: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Vascular lesions constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality, including functional disability. Their poor documentation in the literature suggests a low frequency in the pediatric age range. Herein, we describe the case of an 11-year-old-boy with an isolated radial artery injury. The patient initially presented with active bleeding from a lacerated wound. He was intervened on multiple occasions for hematoma formation and suture dehiscence at a primary care center from his community. During his admission, he required a blood transfusion for active bleeding. Vascular exploration was performed, and radial artery lesion was managed by ligation.

Nanoscale topography of dynamic surfaces with ultrafast time resolution.

We describe an optical system for detecting the movement of a surface with subnanosecond temporal and nanometer vertical displacement resolution. The system is fielded on an experiment to determine the distortion of a laser-ablated metal layer and compare the results with hydrodynamic simulations. We also discuss errors that can arise and potential means to mitigate them. The resultant data show one can examine dynamic changes to a reflective surface with accuracy down to tens of nanometers at hundreds of picoseconds time resolution.

Terahertz emission from ultrafast ionizing air in symmetry-broken laser fields.

A transient photocurrent model is developed to explain coherent terahertz emission from air irradiated by a symmetry-broken laser field composed of the fundamental and its second harmonic laser pulses. When the total laser field is asymmetric across individual optical cycles, a nonvanishing electron current surge can arise during optical field ionization of air, emitting a terahertz electromagnetic pulse. Terahertz power scalability is also investigated, and with optical pump energy of tens of millijoules per pulse, peak terahertz field strengths in excess of 150 kV/cm are routinely produced.

Anemia hemolítica autoinmune desencadenada por SARS-CoV-2 Reporte de un caso / SARS-CoV-2-Induced Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Case Report

Resumen Infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus is not solely limited to the common clinical presentation of acute respiratory distress syndrome, mainly because a wide spectrum of clinical manifestation has been observed. These presentations include, but are not limited to, neurological, cardiovascular, throm- boembolic, hematologic, and autoimmune presentations. Within this wide spectrum, cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection are rising. This is why primary care physicians should be ready to identify this clinical entity appropriately.

Abstract Infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus is not solely limited to the common clinical presentation of acute respiratory distress syndrome, mainly because a wide spectrum of clinical manifestation has been observed. These presentations include, but are not limited to, neurological, cardiovascular, throm- boembolic, hematologic, and autoimmune presentations. Within this wide spectrum, cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection are rising. This is why primary care physicians should be ready to identify this clinical entity appropriately.

Organizational and Technical Considerations for the Implementation of a Digital Orthopaedic Templating System.

BACKGROUND: Digital templating systems have been promoted due to their ability to reduce costs, facilitate preoperative planning, and maintain surgical accuracy. The implementation of a templating system at a large institution is complicated and has not been fully described. PURPOSE: We aim to explain the requisite collaboration between orthopaedic surgery, radiology, and information technology needed to implement a successful orthopaedic templating system at a large institution. METHODS: A search of the PubMed database was performed to provide a comprehensive review of digital templating. Furthermore, we offer the organizational and technical details needed to implement an institutional templating system. RESULTS: We have provided a strategic plan to describe the collaboration between orthopaedic surgery, musculoskeletal radiology, and information technology required for a successful templating system. CONCLUSIONS: The transition to digital templating requires planning, training, and communication between multiple disciplines. Digital templating systems have the potential to foster preoperative planning, improve trainee education, and reduce departmental costs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Preoperative digital templating is a means to reduce the risk of intraoperative fracture, decrease overall surgical time, and plan for implant size prior to surgery.

Quasiparticle dynamics across the full Brillouin zone of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ traced with ultrafast time and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.

A hallmark in the cuprate family of high-temperature superconductors is the nodal-antinodal dichotomy. In this regard, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has proven especially powerful, providing band structure information directly in energy-momentum space. Time-resolved ARPES (trARPES) holds great promise of adding ultrafast temporal information, in an attempt to identify different interaction channels in the time domain. Previous studies of the cuprates using trARPES were handicapped by the low probing energy, which significantly limits the accessible momentum space. Using 20.15 eV, 12 fs pulses, we show for the first time the evolution of quasiparticles in the antinodal region of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ and demonstrate that non-monotonic relaxation dynamics dominates above a certain fluence threshold. The dynamics is heavily influenced by transient modification of the electron-phonon interaction and phase space restrictions, in stark contrast to the monotonic relaxation in the nodal and off-nodal regions.