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1.
BMC Geriatr ; 22(1): 793, 2022 10 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36221056

RESUMO

Researchers have mainly focused on aging risk factors and COVID-19 consequences. However, older adults have proved their ability to overcome adversities along their life. Resilience is a protective variable that dampens the impact of stress. Based on MacLeod's et al. (2016) approach, we aimed to analyze the relationship between older adults' resilience and COVID-19 related-stressors as well as their physical, mental, and social characteristics. Eight hundred eighty-nine people aged 60 and over participated in this study. Older participants, women, having better perceived health and not losing a loved one because of the virus were associated with more resilience. Moreover, higher levels of gratitude, personal growth, life purpose and lower levels of depression were associated with greater scores in resilience. This study offers a change of perspective in which aging is perceived from a positive viewpoint by focusing on easily accessible resources that may help older adults to cope with adverse situations.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Resiliência Psicológica , Adaptação Psicológica , Idoso , Envelhecimento , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
2.
Int Psychogeriatr ; 32(11): 1365-1370, 2020 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32438934

RESUMO

The COVID-19 outbreak could be considered as an uncontrollable stressful life event. Lockdown measures have provoked a disruption of daily life with a great impact over older adults' health and well-being. Nevertheless, eudaimonic well-being plays a protective role in confronting adverse circumstances, such as the COVID-19 situation. This study aims to assess the association between age and psychological well-being (personal growth and purpose in life). Young-old (60-70 years) and old-old (71-80 years) community-dwelling Spaniards (N = 878) completed a survey and reported on their sociodemographic characteristics and their levels of health, COVID-19 stress-related, appraisal, and personal resources. Old-old did not evidence poorer psychological well-being than young-old. Age has only a negative impact on personal growth. The results also suggest that the nature of the COVID-19 impact (except for the loss of a loved one) may not be as relevant for the older adults' well-being as their appraisals and personal resources for managing COVID-related problems. In addition, these results suggest that some sociodemographic and health-related variables have an impact on older adults' well-being. Thus, perceived-health, family functioning, resilience, gratitude, and acceptance had significant associations with both personal growth and purpose in life. Efforts to address older adults' psychological well-being focusing on older adults' personal resources should be considered.


Assuntos
COVID-19/psicologia , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Resiliência Psicológica , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Vida Independente , Masculino , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Apoio Social , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
Int Psychogeriatr ; 31(10): 1517-1521, 2019 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30522536

RESUMO

Recent approaches in the care of older people have led to a greater emphasis on good practices to prevent elder abuse. The instruments assessing good practices are very limited, and those focused on elder abuse have rarely considered subtle forms, especially in institutional settings. The aim of this study was to develop and assess the content validity of a good practices scale for professionals working in nursing homes. An extensive literature review of the tools assessing professionals' good-bad practices towards older people was conducted. A preliminary scale based on Kayser-Jones' (1990) [Old, Alone and Neglected: Care of the Aged in Scotland and the United States. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press] types of abuse was developed, including four subscales: Personalization, Humanization, Absence of Infantilization, and Absence of Victimization. Content validity was analyzed through a panel of eight experts. Rovinelli and Hambleton's index of item-objective congruence was used to analyze the items' inclusiveness in the assigned subscale to establish their representativeness. Items' relevance and clarity were analyzed using the paired comparison method. The final version of the scale included 56 items, with appropriate levels of item objective-congruence, relevance, and clarity. This instrument will allow professionals to detect and develop awareness and intervention programs that aim to promote good practices in nursing homes.


Assuntos
Abuso de Idosos/diagnóstico , Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos/normas , Casas de Saúde/normas , Psicometria/normas , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Idoso , Competência Clínica , Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos/organização & administração , Humanos , Casas de Saúde/organização & administração , Psicometria/instrumentação , Psicometria/métodos
4.
Int J Biol Markers ; 11(1): 12-7, 1996.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8740636

RESUMO

The usefulness of PSA density (PSAD) was evaluated in relation to the volume of the transitional zone (PSAT) and PSA excess. With this purpose we conducted a study including 27 patients diagnosed as having prostatic cancer (PC) and 46 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). In all of them, the PSA concentration in the serum was determined as well as the total prostatic volume and the transitional zone volume; digital rectal examination (DRE) was also performed. The major diagnostic efficacy was obtained with the excess of PSA (73%, cutoff = -13 ng/ml), followed by DRE (68%), PSAT (64%, cutoff = 0.5), PSAD (64%, cutoff = 0.2), and lastly PSA and ultrasonography (60%). Multivariate analysis (logistic regression) demonstrated PSA excess and DRE to be the best predictors. The model obtained by regression shows the best positive predictive value, and PSA excess the best negative predictive value. Consequently, PSA excess could be relevant in prostate cancer diagnosis.


Assuntos
Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Intervalos de Confiança , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prevalência , Próstata/patologia , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico por imagem , Hiperplasia Prostática/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Próstata/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Radioimunoensaio , Análise de Regressão , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Ultrassonografia
5.
Rev Neurol ; 38(8): 701-8, 2004.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15122537

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work is to compare the effectiveness of two psychoeducational interventions for dementia caregivers: a cognitive behavioral one (PCC), aimed at the modification of dysfunctional thoughts about caregiving, and another one consisting in problem solving skills training (PSP) for caregivers, with the aim of modifying the behavioral problems of their relative. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seventy five caregivers were asked to participate in an intervention program, of whom 31 finally completed the study. Both group interventions are compared with a control group (CG). The caregiver groups were randomly assigned to each experimental condition. Pre, post intervention, and follow up assessments of the following variables have been made: depression, perceived stress, frequency of behavioral problems, perceived stress associated with the behavioral problems and dysfunctional thoughts about caregiving. RESULTS: Following the intervention, caregivers in the PCC program show significantly less perceived stress than the other two groups. In the same direction, a trend exists to a significant reduction of the stress associated with the behavioral problems. In the follow up assessment, caregivers of the PCC program significantly report less relative's behavioral problems than the other two groups. Caregivers of the PCC program have less dysfunctional thoughts than the other two groups, differences almost reaching significance. CONCLUSIONS: Benefits of a psychoeducational intervention vary as a function of the contents it includes. The importance of intervening on the caregiver dysfunctional thoughts for an adequate coping with caregiving is highlighted.


Assuntos
Cuidadores/educação , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental , Demência , Resolução de Problemas , Adulto , Filhos Adultos/psicologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Atitude , Cuidadores/psicologia , Feminino , Assistência Domiciliar/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cônjuges/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Estresse Psicológico/prevenção & controle
6.
Placenta ; 32(5): 356-61, 2011 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21420164

RESUMO

Chagas' disease, produced by the haemoflagellated protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), is one of the most frequent endemic diseases in Latin America. In spite that in the past few years T. cruzi congenital transmission has become of epidemiological importance, studies about this mechanism of infection are scarce. The placental tissue undergoes apoptosis throughout gestation, as part of its normal turnover. On the other hand, it is known that T. cruzi induces, delays or inhibits apoptosis in other mammalian tissues. In order to determine the effect of parasite invasion on normal apoptosis in the placenta, explants of human chorionic villi were incubated with 105 trypomastigotes for 24 h. Effective infection was tested by visualizing T. cruzi antigens in histological preparations and by PCR. Upon infection, apoptotic cell death was determined by light and transmission electron microscopy, TUNEL analysis, measurement of caspase-3 like activity and immunohistochemical detection of caspase 3 cleaved cytokeratin 18. Our results clearly show that T. cruzi induces apoptosis in the chorionic villi and suggest that this is one of mechanisms used by the parasite to insure infection and invasion of human placenta and fetus.


Assuntos
Apoptose , Doença de Chagas/patologia , Vilosidades Coriônicas/patologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Trypanosoma cruzi/fisiologia , Animais , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Doença de Chagas/metabolismo , Chlorocebus aethiops , Vilosidades Coriônicas/parasitologia , Técnicas de Cocultura , Fragmentação do DNA , Feminino , Humanos , Queratina-18/metabolismo , Gravidez , Células Vero
7.
Eur J Clin Nutr ; 65(3): 321-8, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21179052

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency is common worldwide. No homogenous reference values have yet been established and no studies of values have been conducted in Spain involving a large number of participants. OBJECTIVE: To study the population concentrations of vitamin D in a representative sample of the Spanish population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study involved two cohorts from Spain, the Asturias study and the Pizarra study, which are two prospective, population-based studies involving 2260 participants. In 1262 subjects (age: 20-83 years) we studied 25-hydroxyvitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium, phosphorus and creatinine. RESULTS: The median population values of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and iPTH were 22.46 ng/ml and 42.29 pg/ml, respectively. The values of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were significantly higher in summer and correlated with age (ß = -0.05 ± 0.01, P < 0.0001), creatinine (ß = 6.42 ± 1.17, P < 0.0001) and iPTH (-0.07 ± 0.01, P < 0.0001), but not with calcium, phosphorus or sex. The increase in iPTH with age was seen whatever the values of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and was greater in the older persons. The concentration of iPTH rose continuously with effect from 25-hydroxyvitamin D values below ≈30 ng/ml. Values above ≈35 ng/ml were associated with a significantly lower concentration of iPTH. CONCLUSIONS: One-third (33.9%) of the Spanish population may be at risk for Vitamin D deficiency. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D values above 30 ng/ml can safely discard 'hyper PTH'. The increase in iPTH concentration is greater in older persons for similar values of 25-hydroxyvitamin D.


Assuntos
Deficiência de Vitamina D/epidemiologia , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cálcio/sangue , Estudos de Coortes , Creatinina/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , Fósforo/sangue , Prevalência , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Risco , Estações do Ano , Espanha/epidemiologia , Vitamina D/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Adulto Jovem
8.
Placenta ; 31(8): 705-11, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20541804

RESUMO

Congenital Chagas' disease, endemic in Latin America and also present with lower frequency in other countries, is associated with premature labor, miscarriage, and placentitis. The mechanism of tissue invasion and infection of human placenta by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) remains unclear. In order to explore some morphological aspects of this infection in the placenta, we incubated chorionic villous explants from normal human placentae ex vivo with the parasite and studied the resulting effects by immunohistochemical and histochemical methods. Infection of the chorionic villi with the parasite was confirmed by immunofluoresence and PCR. T. cruzi induces syncytiotrophoblast destruction and detachment, selective disorganization of basal lamina and disorganization of collagen I in the connective tissue of villous stroma. These effects are a function of the number of parasites used for the infection. Our results suggest a participation of the proteolytic activity of the parasite on the placental basal lamina and connective tissue in the mechanism of infection of the fetus by T. cruzi.


Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/patologia , Vilosidades Coriônicas/patologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/patologia , Trofoblastos/metabolismo , Trypanosoma cruzi , Animais , Membrana Basal/metabolismo , Doença de Chagas/metabolismo , Chlorocebus aethiops , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Tecido Conjuntivo/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/metabolismo , Células Vero
9.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr ; 49(1): 17-21, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18534697

RESUMO

We analyzed the discriminative capacity of several risk factors for elder abuse and neglect, in order to identify what characteristics distinguish between caregivers with a high or low risk of abuse and neglect. Forty-five caregivers of relatives with dementia participated. The combination of caregiving impact, frequency of aggressive behaviors by care-recipients, stress related to provocative and aggressive behaviors, the frequency of provocative behaviors, interpersonal burden, autoefficiency expectations, quantity of help received and depression classify correctly as risk factors in 90.9% of the cases. This study permits us to identify what characteristics distinguish between caregivers with a high or low risk of abuse and neglect and caregivers.


Assuntos
Abuso de Idosos/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Agressão/psicologia , Cuidadores , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico , Inquéritos e Questionários
10.
Aging Ment Health ; 11(6): 616-25, 2007 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18074249

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: Among the diverse group of interventions developed to help dementia family caregivers cognitive-behavioural approaches show especially promising results. OBJECTIVES: This study describes a cognitive-behavioural group intervention aimed principally at the modification of dysfunctional thoughts associated with caregiving (MDTC). The efficacy of the MDTC intervention in reducing caregivers' depressive symptomatology, together with the frequency and appraisal of problem behaviours, is compared to that of a waiting-list control group (WL). Furthermore, the potential mediating role of the dysfunctional thoughts in the relationship between this intervention and caregivers' depressive symptomatology is analyzed. Of the 74 dementia caregivers who were randomized to one of two conditions (MDTC and WL), 39 completed the post-intervention assessment. Statistical analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis, using last observation carried forward. The results reveal that the MDTC intervention is successful in reducing caregivers' level of depressive symptomatology and dysfunctional thoughts about caregiving, as well as in modifying their appraisal of their relative's problem behaviours. Furthermore, a mediating role for dysfunctional thoughts was found in the relationship between the MDTC intervention and levels of depressive symptomatology. The relevance of addressing dysfunctional thoughts and cognitive distortions in group interventions with caregivers is highlighted.


Assuntos
Atitude , Cuidadores/psicologia , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Demência , Depressão/psicologia , Depressão/terapia , Pensamento , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
11.
Arch Esp Urol ; 50(4): 415-8, 1997 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9219422

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency of PSA excess in distinguishing prostate cancer (PC) in its early stages from benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and compare it with the efficiency of serum PSA. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 27 patients with PC and 46 with BPH, whose serum PSA and prostatic volume were determined. PSA excess was calculated as the difference between serum PSA and predicted PSA according to the gland volume, calculating the latter as the prostatic volume multiplied by factor 0.3 ng/ml/g. RESULTS: PSA excess values were significantly higher in patients with PC, while serum PSA levels were not different between the two populations studied. Receiver operating curves (ROC plots) showed a higher diagnostic utility for PSA excess, with a maximum efficiency of 73% at a cut-off point of -13 ng/ml. The predictive value of a positive result is slightly higher for serum PSA, but PSA excess showed a predictive value of a negative result superior to that of PSA.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Tamanho do Órgão , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Próstata/patologia , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/sangue , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
12.
J Virol ; 72(9): 7583-8, 1998 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9696857

RESUMO

An examination by electron microscopy of the viral assembly sites in Vero cells infected with African swine fever virus showed the presence of large clusters of mitochondria located in their proximity. These clusters surround viral factories that contain assembling particles but not factories where only precursor membranes are seen. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that these accumulations of mitochondria are originated by a massive migration of the organelle to the virus assembly sites. Virus infection also promoted the induction of the mitochondrial stress-responsive proteins p74 and cpn 60 together with a dramatic shift in the ultrastructural morphology of the mitochondria toward that characteristic of actively respiring organelles. The clustering of mitochondria around the viral factory was blocked in the presence of the microtubule-disassembling drug nocodazole, indicating that these filaments are implicated in the transport of the mitochondria to the virus assembly sites. The results presented are consistent with a role for the mitochondria in supplying the energy that the virus morphogenetic processes may require and make of the African swine fever virus-infected cell a paradigm to investigate the mechanisms involved in the sorting of mitochondria within the cell.


Assuntos
Vírus da Febre Suína Africana/fisiologia , Mitocôndrias/fisiologia , Montagem de Vírus , Animais , Chlorocebus aethiops , Microtúbulos/fisiologia , ATPases Translocadoras de Prótons/metabolismo , Células Vero
13.
Virology ; 257(2): 524-36, 1999 May 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10329562

RESUMO

We have examined the ultrastructural localization of African swine fever virus DNA in thin-sections of infected cells by in situ hybridization and autoradiography. Virus-specific DNA sequences were found in the nucleus of infected Vero cells at early times in the synthesis of the viral DNA, forming dense foci localized in proximity to the nuclear membrane. At later times, the viral DNA was found exclusively in the cytoplasm. Electron microscopic autoradiography of African swine fever virus-infected macrophages showed that the nucleus is also a site of viral DNA replication at early times. These results provide further evidence of the existence of nuclear and cytoplasmic stages in the synthesis of African swine fever virus DNA. On the other hand, alkaline sucrose sedimentation analysis of the replicative intermediates synthesized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected macrophages showed that small DNA fragments ( approximately 6-12S) were synthesized in the nucleus at an early time, whereas at later times, larger fragments of approximately 37-49S were labeled in the cytoplasm. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that these fragments are precursors of the mature cross-linked viral DNA. The formation of dimeric concatemers, which are predominantly head-to-head linked, was observed by pulsed-field electrophoresis and restriction enzyme analysis at intermediate and late times in the replication of African swine fever virus DNA. Our findings suggest that the replication of African swine fever virus DNA proceeds by a de novo start mechanism with the synthesis of small DNA fragments, which are then converted into larger size molecules. Ligation or further elongation of these molecules would originate a two-unit concatemer with dimeric ends that could be resolved to generate the genomic DNA by site-specific nicking, rearrangement, and ligation as has been proposed in the de novo start model of Baroudy et al. (B. M. Baroudy, S. Venkatesam, and B. Moss, 1982, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 47, 723-729) for the replication of vaccinia virus DNA.


Assuntos
Vírus da Febre Suína Africana/genética , Replicação do DNA , DNA Viral/biossíntese , Replicação Viral , Vírus da Febre Suína Africana/fisiologia , Álcalis , Animais , Autorradiografia , Fracionamento Celular , Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Núcleo Celular/virologia , Centrifugação com Gradiente de Concentração , Chlorocebus aethiops , Citoplasma/ultraestrutura , Citoplasma/virologia , Desoxirribonuclease HindIII , Hibridização In Situ , Macrófagos/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Sacarose , Suínos , Células Vero
16.
Rev. Soc. Odontol. La Plata ; 4(6): 14-9, 1991 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1171317
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