Ileoanal pouch-related fistulae: A systematic review with meta-analysis on incidence, treatment options and outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Ileoanal pouch related fistulae (PRF) are a complication of restorative proctocolectomy often requiring repeated surgical interventions and with a high risk of long-term recurrence and pouch failure. AIMS: To assess the incidence of PRF and to report on the outcomes of available surgical treatments. METHODS: A PRISMA-compliant systematic literature search for articles reporting on PRF in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) from 1985 to 2020. RESULTS: 34 studies comprising 770 patients with PRF after ileal-pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) were included. Incidence of PRF was 1.5-12%. In IBD patients Crohn's Disease (CD) was responsible for one every four pouch-vaginal fistulae (PVF) (OR 24.7; p=0.001). The overall fistula recurrence was 49.4%; procedure-specific recurrence was: repeat IPAA (OR 42.1; GRADE +); transvaginal repair (OR 52.3; GRADE ++) and transanal ileal pouch advancement flap (OR 56.9; GRADE ++). The overall failure rate was 19%: pouch excision (OR 0.20; GRADE ++); persistence of diverting stoma (OR 0.13; GRADE +) and persistent fistula (OR 0.18; GRADE +). CONCLUSION: PVFs are more frequent compared to other types of PRF and are often associated to CD; surgical treatment has a risk of 50% recurrence. Repeat IPAA is the best surgical approach with a 42.1% recurrence rate.

Scoring System for Haemorrhoidal Disease.

Hemorrhoidal Disease (HD) is widely diffused throughout the general population. The system of classification currently used to categorize this pathology is that of Goligher (1975). Several attempts in literature have been made to refine this classification, but as of yet, no single system has been universally accepted. Some studies, however, have succeeded in identifying specific characteristics, besides morphology, that would be able to aptly define HD. An analysis of the literature, with careful consideration of the scores that have previously been proposed, was performed, with the aim of deepening and stimulating discussion about a possible new definition of HD.

Characteristics and outcomes of laparoscopic surgery in patients with large hiatal hernia. A single center study.

INTRODUCTION: Giant hiatal hernia is characterized by the presence of more than 1/3 of the stomach in the chest, through the diaphragmatic hiatus, with or without other intra-abdominal organs. It is a rare pathology, representing the 5-10% of all hiatal hernias. The advent of laparoscopic surgery led to new surgical techniques, which include the simple reduction with the excision of the hernial sac and the execution of a posterior hiatoplasty, with or without mesh, and the execution of a Collis-Nissen gatroplasty in case of short esophagus. PRESENTATION OF CASES: We followed 24 cases of giant hiatal hernia with more than 1/3 stomach located in the chest, analyzing the results reached by the miniinvasive procedure, and the long-term pathophysiologic results of the disease. DISCUSSION: Laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair results in less postoperative pain compared with the open approach. The smaller incisions of minimally-invasive surgery are less likely to be complicated by incisional hernias and wound infection. Postoperative respiratory complications are reduced. CONCLUSION: Results from multiple studies are similar, with shorter hospital stay and less morbidity resulting from the minimally invasive approach.

An unusual case of left hepatectomy for Focal Nodular Hyperplasia (FNH) linked to the use of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AASs).

INTRODUCTION: Focal Nodular Hyperplasia (FNH) is the second most common benign tumor of the liver. Clinically FNH is asymptomatic and discovered incidentally . The pathogenesis is unclear; FNH is usually asymptomatic. When the tumor is large, it may be painful. Surgery is recommended only in the case of complications such as compression of adjacent organs, lesion progression with tumor size >5cm and presence of symptoms. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 30 years old man, was evaluated during a routine visit, for diffuse abdominal pain and weight loss; Abdominal ultrasound showed no evidence of biliary obstruction but the US shows a hypoechoic, well defined focal lesion in the left liver. For a more accurate diagnosis a Magnetic Resonance detected a focal area about 14×9 cm in diameter, hypointense. Liver biopsy was not done.We could not diagnose it definitively as FNH from the results of imaging studies; so for the size of symptomatic lesion, the undefined diagnosis of FNH ,and due to the great increase in the size of the mass located in the left lobe, during such a short period , the surgery was been recommended. DISCUSSION: FNH is the second most common hepatic lesion, but clinically relevant cases of FNH are rare with a reported prevalence in US studies of 0,03%. In our case the young patient was taking dietary supplements including anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs), carnitine and l-arginine. CONCLUSION: The particularity of our case is the increasing of the lesion in two years in which the patient made use of anabolic steroids. under use of . This could be the explanation for increasing of nodule.