Carboplatin hypersensitivity and desensitization in an infant.

Although the reported incidence of carboplatin hypersensitivity is low, it is important to describe it because of its potentially fatal consequences. A 1-year-old Mexican girl weighing 10 kg who had optic nerve glioma was initially scheduled to receive 12 cycles of 600 mg/m2 carboplatin (CBP) as two 300-mg/m2 intravenous infusions administered over 1 hour on 2 different days and a 1-hour intravenous infusion of 1.5 mg/m2 vincristine every 4 weeks. The patient had no history of drug allergies or any type of adverse drug reaction, but she developed itchiness, maculopapular rash, sweating, respiratory distress, and anxiety during the seventh cycle of CBP. According to the algorithm developed by Naranjo et al, the adverse drug reaction was classified as definite secondary to CBP and confirmed by positive skin tests indicating hypersensitivity to the drug. After evaluating the clinical course of the adverse drug reaction and considering the need to continue cancer treatment, a decision was made to desensitize the patient to CBP. The desensitization procedure took 8 hours and was performed during each new chemotherapy cycle until the 12 cycles of chemotherapy were successfully completed. In summary, a case of CBP hypersensitivity in a 1-year-old girl who was successfully desensitized to CBP is reported.

[Desensitization protocol to methotrexate. Clinical case]. / Protocolo de desensibilización a metotrexato. Caso clinico

Methotrexate (MTX) is a folic acid antagonist; its main effects are immunosuppressive and antineoplastic. It is used in the treatment of malignancies, lung and rheumatic diseases. There are few reports of immediate hypersensitivity and these include anaphylaxis, urticaria and angioedema. We present a 17 years old male, with a history of anaphylaxis to methotrexate during the induction therapy of ALL L2. It was decided that the drug was necessary for the patientís survival, thus diagnostic skin testing was performed, during which he presented anaphylaxis. The desensitization consisted of 5 days premedication and a 12-steps protocol of intravenous infusions of 8 hoursí duration, starting with a 1:1.000.000 dilution. The patient was successfully desensitized. He was maintained with IV MTX 50mg/m2 weekly for 1 year using the same protocol successfully. This protocol of 12 steps was successful and safe to desensitize a patient with anaphylaxis due to MTX. During such protocol intensive care supervision is critical, as all precautions should be taken to avoid endangering the life of the patient.

[Allergic conjunctivitis in children]. / Conjuntivitis alérgica en la infancia.

Allergic conjunctivitis is a group of diseases that are frequent in childhood, associated to several allergic diseases affecting the ocular surface. It is related to type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. Two acute disorders: seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and perennial allergic conjunctivitis, exist, as do three chronic diseases: vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis and giant papillary conjunctivitis. The ocular surface inflammation causes itching, tearing, lid and conjunctival edema-redness, and photophobia during the acute phase and can lead to a classic late-phase response (associated to eosinophilia and neutrophilia) in a subset of individuals. As in the case of several chronic allergic diseases, it can remodel the ocular surface tissue. This allergic disease is very frequent. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis could produce corneal lesions and visual illness; however, atopic keratoconjunctivitis does not permanently affect the vision. The aim of this review is to provide a current overview for a better understanding of the symptoms associated to this disease, to describe its classification, recent advances in its physiopathology and its treatment.

[Uncommon manifestations of atopic dermatitis]. / Manifestaciones poco frecuentes de dermatitis atópica.

Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory process characterized by a series of cutaneous alterations of typical morphology and distribution, with intense pruritus of nocturnal predominance, of chronic evolution, stational appearance, and with personal and family history of atopy. On genetically predisposed skin, dry and hypersensitive, the immune factors and other types are implicated in determining the abnormal reactions to multiple endogenous and environmental factors. The diagnosis is clinical, generally obtained by a group of signs and symptoms known as the Hanifin and Rajka criteria. The patients with atopic dermatitis can present with clinical typical manifestations, or minimized and localized variations as well, considered a stigma of atopic constituent. In some patients there can be observed clinical and morphological variations with special localizations denominated atypical variations of atopic dermatitis. The identification of these atypical presentations of atopic dermatitis leads to the differential diagnosis, with an early establishment of the disease's diagnosis and the appropriate and early treatment.

Asthma prevalence in children living in north Mexico City and a comparison with other Latin American cities and world regions.

Reports of previous studies done without following the international guidelines in different cities of Mexico showed a decrease in asthma prevalence. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of asthma symptoms in children and teenagers living in north Mexico City and compare them with those of other Latin American cities and world regions. The cross-sectional survey followed the protocol of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood IIIb phase survey. The study population included children 6-7 years old and teenagers 13-14 years old from randomly selected primary and secondary schools. There were 1629 boys and 1582 girls in the group of 6- to 7-year-old children and 2039 boys and 1860 girls in the 13- to 14-year-old group. "Wheezing or whistling in the chest at any time in the past" was present in 19.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.9, 20.6) of the children and in 17.0% (95% CI, 15.8, 18.1) of the teenagers; "wheezing or whistling in the chest in the last 12 months" was reported in 6.8% (95% CI, 5.9, 7.6) of the children and 9.9% (95% CI, 9.0, 10.8) of the teenagers; "asthma ever" was claimed in 4.5% (95% CI, 3.8, 5.2) of the children and 8.0% (95% CI, 7.1, 8.8) of the teenagers. These prevalences were low compared with other ISAAC Latin American surveys and intermediate in comparison with worldwide regional prevalences reported by ISAAC surveys. The prevalence of asthma is low in Mexico City in comparison with other surveyed locations, but the number of patients with asthma makes it an important issue for Mexican public health programs.

Co-administration of salbutamol and fluticasone for emergency treatment of children with moderate acute asthma.

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of nebulized therapy with salbutamol alone or in combination with fluticasone. In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 150 children with moderate acute asthma were randomly assigned to receive by nebulizations either (i) three doses of salbutamol 30 microl/kg per dose, each dose administered every 15 min, (ii) three doses of salbutamol plus two doses of fluticasone 500 microg/dose at 15 and 30 min after first dose of salbutamol, or (iii) three doses of salbutamol/fluticasone 500 microg/dose, each combined dose administered every 15 min. Pulse oxymetry (SaO2), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and Wood et al. (Am J Dis Child, 123, 1972, 123) clinical scale were evaluated at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the first nebulization. Patients in the three groups significantly improved since 15 min after the first nebulization. We did not observe differences in the recovery of SaO2 and PEF among the three groups of treatment (p > 0.10). In group 3, children showed better clinical response at 120 min than the other two groups (p < 0.05). No significant adverse effects were observed with any treatment. To summarize, in children with acute moderate asthma, nebulized salbutamol at an accumulated dose of 90 mul/kg plus fluticasone at an accumulated dose of 1500 microg produced better clinical relief after 2 h. However, similar PEF and SaO2 responses were observed with salbutamol alone or in combination with different doses of fluticasone.

[Calisthenics as a preventive measure against the decrease in maximum expiratory flow in asthmatic patients before and after a soccer game]. / Calistenia como medida preventiva de la caída del flujo espiratorio máximo en pacientes asmáticos antes y después de un juego de futbol.

BACKGROUND: Exercise-induced asthma is a syndrome characterized by dyspnea, thoracic pain, cough, sibilant rales and diminished physical performance. It appears into the first 30 minutes after the beginning of physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate calisthenic effect on maximal expiratory flow rate in asthmatic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, observational and descriptive study was done through a soccer game. Male and female asthmatic patients from 6 to 16 years old with intermittent and mild asthma were included. Maximal expiratory flow rate was measured before the beginning of soccer game, and then, at the end of the first and second sets. Statistical analysis was made through the media values comparison and t Student test. RESULTS: 60 patients were included. They were 11.3 +/- 2.4 mean aged. 45% had diagnosis of mild asthma, 36.6% mild asthma and allergic rhinitis and 6.6% persistent asthma. Average of basal maximal expiratory flow rate was 275 +/- 90 L/s, and no significant changes were observed in 52 patients: mean maximal expiratory flow rate at the end of first and second sets was 275 +/- 86 L/s and 273 +/- 96 L/s, respectively. Maximal expiratory flow rate diminished at 77 +/- 3.8% and 83 +/- 9.5% in the other eight patients at the end of the first and second sets, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Calisthenic made before physical activity prevents maximal expiratory flow rate diminishment.

[Quality of life in children with allergic rhinitis before and after being treated with specific immunotherapy (cases and controls)]. / Calidad de vida en niños con rinitis alérgica antes y después de ser tratados con inmunoterapia específica (casos y controles).

BACKGROUND: Rhinitis is the most frequent allergic disease in children. Symptoms may affect importantly life quality. Measures to avoid allergens when possible and the use of drugs are an important part of the treatment; however, specific immunotherapy is the only treatment altering the natural course of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To assess if specific immunotherapy improves life quality in children with allergic rhinitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who attended to the allergy department during August and September 2002, and who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were included. Two groups of treatment were formed: group A received specific immunotherapy with standardized allergenic extracts, from IPI ASAC Mexico. They started with a concentration of 0.07 bioequivalent units (BEU), with twice-a-week-application with increases of 10 (0.7, 7 and 80 BEU) each seven weeks up to maintenance dose of 700 BEU at six months. Group B only was given pharmacological treatment. Paediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaires, specific to children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, validated for its use in Spanish in Mexican children by the department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics of Mc Master University, were applied to all patients. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were included in each group, 14 males, adjusted for age with a correlation coefficient (r2) = 0.9799. In both groups, mean age was of 11 years 6 months (group A: 7 to 16 years, group B: 7 to 17 years). Eighteen (44.4%) and fifteen patients (33.3%), of groups A and B respectively, had persistent mild rhinitis, and 9 (55.6%) and 12 cases (66.7%) of groups A and B, respectively, had moderate persistent rhinitis. All of them were sensitized to domiciliary allergens. As to life quality a high odds ratio (OR) was found when assessing patients six months after treatment, especially in nasal symptoms such as pruritus (OR = 6.8) and obstruction (OR = 5.9). Also for practical symptoms the OR was high: carving eyes and nose (OR = 7), blowing the nose (OR = 4.8) and carrying disposable tissues (OR = 4.7). OR for other symptoms was as follows: thirst and throatitch, OR = 4; irritability, OR = 6.2, and ocular pruritus, OR = 3.1. Patients without immunotherapy were likely to use more drugs (OR = 6.4) than those receiving immunotherapy. CONCLUSION: We did not find controlled studies on life quality with the use of immunotherapy in children. In this study, specific immunotherapy was found to improve life quality in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, especially in nasal symptoms, such as pruritus and obstruction, as well as in practical symptoms. These results are similar to those by Fell, who found that 92% patients referred an improvement of nasal symptoms, a better labor performance and a lesser use of drugs after four months of using immunotherapy.

[The response to PPD and its relation to allergic diseases in children vaccinated at birth with BCG]. / La respuesta al PPD y su relación con las enfermedades alérgicas en los niños vacunados al nacimiento con BCG.

BACKGROUND: The increase of the atopical disorders can be partially explained by two factors, the infectious disease in developed and developing countries, and the changes in immunization programs, infections such as measles, whooping cough or tuberculosis can modify the immune response. Recent studies have demonstrated that an inverse relation could exist between the response to late cutaneus hypersensitivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atopic condition. Also, a strong positive response has been associated with low levels of IgE and Th1 cytokines. However some authors have not found positivity between low prevalence in allergic diseases and PPD. OBJECTIVE: To determine the reaction to PPD in children vaccinated with BCG at birth and its disorders. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study sample included male and female children from 2 to 7 years old, vaccinated with BCG at birth, this fact was corroborated with the post vaccination scar. They had all been diagnosed with allergic disease with clinical compatible data, positive Prick test, elevated serum IgE, and absence of any associated immune deficiency. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients, with a mean age of 4.7 years (2.0 to 7.7 years) were studied. 72% (36) were males and 28% (14) females. Twenty-two percent had diagnosis of asthma, 8% allergic rhinitis, and 62% both diagnosis. The average diameter of tuberculin induration was of 5 mm; 5 patients (10%) had positive reaction (+10 mm); 23 patients (46%) were between 5-9 mm; 8 patients (16%) between 1-4 mm, and 14 of the patients (28%) without reactivity. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that the vaccination with BCG do not protect against the development of allergy, and the negative tuberculin response may mean a reduced cell response. So, it is necessary to assess the cell immunity and revaccination with BCG, with determination of immunological markers, before and after, such as IL 4, IL 2, INF and allergy symptoms.

[Allergen sensitization and asthma in children from 1 to 3 years of age]. / Sensibilización con alergenos y asma en niños de uno a tres años de edad.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a multifactorial disease. Children with atopy history could be sensitized with indoor and food allergens from early stages of the life and this predispose to develop asthma. Controversy exists about the factors that increase or decrease the risk of disease, such as breast feeding, early weaning, smoking exposition, immunizations. OBJECTIVE: To determine if these risk factors and inhaled and food allergen sensitization predispose to asthma development. METHODS: A case-control study was performed. Cases (1 to 3 year-old 74 children) with asthma and control (74 healthy age-matched children) were included, r2 = 0.90. Skin-prick test (SPT) was performed by using indoor and food allergens. Test was considered positive if skin reaction was equal or higher than 3 mm. The results were compared by means of the x2 test. A logistic regression analysis was performed for obtaining odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval for each factor). RESULTS: Out of the SPT carried out with aero-allergens, 23 (31%) were positive in the two groups. Regarding the food, 27 cases (36.4%) and 15 controls (20.2%) were positive (x2 = 4.7); p < 0.05, OR = 2.2, IC 95% (1.6-3.1). Atopy was positive in 50 (67.5%) cases and 39 (52.7%) of the controls (x2 = 3.4); p < 0.05, OR 1.8 (1.3 to 2.5). The weaning before the first three months of life was positive in 44 (59.4%) of the cases against 15 (20.2%) of the controls (x2 = 23.7) p < 0.05 with a OR 5.7 (4.9 at 6.6). CONCLUSIONS: We found a probability 2.2 times higher for developing asthma when children were sensitive to at least one food. We also reported that 100% of our sensitized cases with food had received breast feeding during the first four months of life, which is similar to results of other authors where the breast feeding during an intermediate time (one to six months) does not protect against allergic disease. Early introduction of solid food (before the three months of age) was the main factor increasing probability for developing asthma. In our study, atopy almost duplicated this probability.

Síndrome de hiper IgE y deficiencia de IgG1 e IgM / Hyper-IgE syndrome associated with IgG1 and IgM deficiency

Introducción. El síndrome de hiperinmunoglobulina E (hiper IgE) es una inmunodeficiencia congénita autosómica dominante con penetrancia incompleta, caracterizada por dermatitis crónica grave, infecciones frecuentes, formación de abscesos, valores séricos de IgE elevados (>2000 UI/mL) y eosinofilia periférica. Se puede asociar con múltiples alteraciones de la respuesta inmune. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con la rara asociación no reportada de hiper IgE y deficiencia de IgG1. Caso clínico. Masculino de 6 años de edad con dermatosis crónica, infecciones de vías aéreas de repetición, presencia de abscesos fríos en miembros inferiores, con mala respuesta a antihistamínicos, queratolíticos y lubricantes. Por mala evolución clínica y sospecha de inmunodeficiencia fue enviado al Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. A su ingreso presentaba dermatosis generalizada activa y sinusitis maxilar bilateral, manejándose con cefaclor, antihistamínicos, y cuidados de piel. Un mes después se complicó con varicela por lo que se hospitalizó, quedando con cicatrices queloides. Se le diagnosticó hiper IgE por evolución clínica y niveles de IgE de 11 000 UI/mL, asociado con deficiencia de IgG1 y niveles persistentemente subnormales de IgM. Se le inició tratamiento con trimetoprim y sulfametoxazol a 5 mg/kg/día durante 3 meses con buena respuesta clínica; posteriormente presentó remisión de su enfermedad. Conclusión. Se encontró el síndrome de hiper IgE asociado a una deficiencia de IgG1 que lo hace más susceptible a infecciones por diferentes patógenos y niveles subnormales de IgM.

Efecto temprano y tardío de la prueba cutánea con Blatella germanica (Bg) y/o Periplaneta americana (Pa) sobre el volumen espiratorio forzado y el flujo espiratorio máximo en niños con alergia respiratoria / Early and late effect of the skin prick test with cockroach (Blatella germanica and/or periplaneta american) on the forced expiratory volume and peak expiration flow in children with respiratory allergy

Introducción. Se ha demostrado que los alergenos de cucaracha sensibilizan a los niños atópicos y frecuentemente predisponen al desarrollo de asma grave a temprana edad. Objetivo: evaluar los cambios tempranos como tardíos sobre el volumen espiratorio forzado (VEF1) y flujo espiratorio máximo (FEM) en niños con alergia respiratoria y prueba cutánea (PC) positiva a antígeno de cucaracha.Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo longitudinal cruzado doble ciego controlado en niños de 6 a 16 años de edad con un VEF1 y FEM basal mayor de 80 por ciento de su predicho y PC positiva exclusivamente a Blattella germanica (Bg) y/o Periplaneta americana (Pa). En diferentes momentos se midió el VEF1 y FEM antes de la PC con Ba y/o Pa, o con placebo (solución glicerinada) y se realizaron espirometrías y flujimetrías a los 15 min 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 y 48 horas. Análisis estadístico: se utilizó t de Student para muestras pareadas.Resultados. Se estudiaron 30 pacientes con PC positiva a alergeno de cucaracha: 21 hombres y 9 mujeres; 20 presentaron PC positiva a Bg y Pa, 8 a Bg y 2 a Pa. Catorce de 30 pacientes presentaron caída del VEF1 a los 15 min, 13 de ellos la presentaron también a las 6, 12 y 24 horas después de la PC con antígeno. Sólo 3 pacientes presentaron esa caída a los 15 min de la prueba con placebo. En todas las mediciones del grupo estudiado con alergeno de cucaracha se encontró caída del VEF1 mayor de 15 por ciento (P=0.02). En el FEM no se encontró diferencia estadística significativa en ninguno de los grupos (P=0.5).Conclusiones. La medición del VEF1 fue más eficaz para detectar caídas, tanto tempranas como tardías. Por el contrario el FEM no fue sensible para detectar cambios en la función pulmonar después de reto cutáneo con alergenos de cucaracha.

Grado y duración de la broncodilatación mediante la administración de un agonista ß2 solo vs un agonista ß2 más bromuro de ipratropio en niños con asma aguda / Bronchodilation

Antecedentes: el asma es el padecimiento crónico de las vías respiratorias más frecuente de la edad pediátrica. Material y método: estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, doble ciego, al azar con 40 pacientes (divididos en dos grupos) con crisis asmática con edades de 8 a 15 años. A todos se les realizaron pruebas de funcionamiento pulmonar efectuadas de manera basal y posterior a la inhalación del medicamento. Los medicamentos se administraron en dos inhalaciones por tres ocasiones y con intervalos de 10 minutos entre cada dosis. Se consideró que el tratamiento fue efectivo si la mejoría de las pruebas de función pulmonar (VEF1) presentaban un incremento del 15 por ciento de su valor inicial. Resultados: para cada una de las pruebas realizadas en los diferentes tiempos se encontraron incrementos significativos en VEF1 (p <0.05) en ambos grupos comparados con la basal y permanecieron significativos hasta ocho horas después de la administración de ambos esquemas terapéuticos. Conclusión: el efecto broncodilatador del salbutamol solo y en combinación con bromuro de ipratropio es similar en intensidad y en tiempo de acción demostrado por el VEF1.

Coartación de la aorta y sibilancias / Coarctation of the aorta and wheezing

Introducción. El asma es la enfermedad crónica más frecuente de la infancia, de etiología múltiple, la cual se caracteriza por: hiperreactividad bronquial, obstrucción de las vías aéreas, tos sibilancias y dificultad respiratoria. En el diagnóstico diferencial hay que descartar patología extrapulmonar como cardiopatía, debido a la interrelación entre el sistema pulmonar y cardiovascular. Caso clínico. Se presenta el caso de un escolar femenino que durante la infancia presentó cuadros de sibilancias y falta de aire catalogados como crisis asmática pero que con estudios de estensión se le detectó coartación de aorta sin otros defectos. Después de ser corregida quirúrgicamente, los eventos de sibilancias desaparecieron encontrándose asintomática a los 5 años de seguimiento. Conclusión. Se considera importante la presentación de este caso ya que el cuadro de tos, sibilancias y falta de aire se diagnostica comúnmente como asma, que por su frecuencia hace que el clínico no busque, ante lo que considera evidente, otro diagnóstico o causa de dicho cuadro

Efecto del calentamiento sobre el VEF-1 en niños con asma sometidos a reto por ejercicio / The effect of a heating routine in children with asthma

Antecedentes: el broncoespasmo inducido por ejercicio, también llamado asma por ejercicio, es una afección frecuente que acompaña comúnmente al paciente asmático. Su frecuencia es de alrededor del 80 al 90 por ciento para los pacientes con asma; se presenta en 40 al 50 por ciento de los niños con rinitis alérgica, en 14 por ciento de los atletas y en 12 por ciento de la población en general. Objetivo: determinar la eficacia de una rutina de calentamiento como agente preventivo del broncoespasmo inducido por ejercicio. Método: se incluyeron 30 pacientes de entre 10 y 16 años de edad, asmáticos y con broncoespasmo inducido por ejercicio diagnosticado mediante prueba de reto al ejercicio. Todos los pacientes realizaron una rutina de ejercicio con duración de 20 minutos durante los cuales se efectuaron movimientos de elasticidad, calistenia y actividad leve dirigida al ejercicio a desarrollar, tomando como parámetro objetivo el 60 por ciento de la frecuencia cardiaca submáxima. Enseguida, todos los pacientes realizaron nuevamente reto al ejercicio, en la que se utilizó una banda sinfín, con velocidades que se incrementaron progresivamente de 1 a 8 km/h y con inclinación de 0 - 10 0. Los registros espirométricos se efectuaron antes del reto y a los 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 y 60 minutos después del mismo. Resultados: el promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 12.8 ñ 2 años con talla de 157 ñ 10 cm. Conclusión: el calentamiento en niños con broncoespasmo inducido por ejercicio actúa como un agente protector contra el decremento del VEF-1. Si bien el calentamiento puede ser un buen método de control en el paciente asmático, es necesario tener en cuenta que no todos los pacientes tienen un beneficio con dicha protección.Éste sólo puede utilizarse en pacientes con actividad física programada, ya que en los preescolares no es posible implantar una rutina de calentamiento por las características propias de su actividad.

Determinación de anticuerpos IgE contra Staphylococcus aureus en niños con dermatitis atópica / Determination of IgE antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus in children with atopic dermatitis

Introducción. La dermatitis atópica (DA) es una enfermedad muy común en la infancia de etiología multifactorial, recientemente se ha asociado la infección por Staphylococcus aureus en las exacerbaciones agudas de la enfermedad. Material y métodos. Se estudiaron 40 niños (2 meses -14 años) con DA; se realizaron cultivos de piel sana, y con lesión en diferentes fases de la enfermedad; se midieron niveles de IgE total e IgE específica para Staphylococcus. Resultados. El resultado de la IgE total fue elevado en 70 por ciento del grupo estudiado, en 9 pacientes se encontraron niveles por arriba de 1000Ku/L. La IgE específica resultó positiva en 21.6 por ciento de los pacientes en concentraciones bajas. En 15 pacientes (40 por ciento) se aisló S. aureus principalmente de lesiones agudas y subagudas. Análisis estadístico: la prueba binomial indicó que el número de pacientes con DA aguda o subaguda y cultivo positivo a S. aureus es mayor al de pacientes con DA en fase crónica y cultivo positivo a S. aureus (P<0.0005). La prueba de McNemar mostró que la proporción de pacientes con IgE total elevada fue 3 veces mayor que la de pacientes con IgE específica (P<0.0001). Conclusiones. Los pacientes con DA en fase aguda y subaguda son colonizados más frecuentemente con S. aureus que pacientes con DA en fase crónica. Solamente en 20 por ciento de casos hubo IgE contra S. aureus en concentraciones bajas. Se sabe que en la DA existen un gran número de anormalidades inmunológicas y probablemente ésta sea la razón para la frecuente colonización con diferentes microorganismos en la piel dañada, la posibilidad que S. aureus juegue un papel en la fisiopatología de esta enfermedad en algunos pacientes es alta