What comes next? A cross-sectional study on post-discharge referrals of adolescents treated in emergency services following a suicide attempt.

AIM: To assess the proportions and associated factors of different post-discharge referrals among adolescents treated in the emergency department after a suicide attempt. DESIGN: Observational, cross-sectional retrospective study. METHODS: We conducted a study using the medical records of 140 adolescents treated for a suicide attempt between January 2015 and May 2023 in a Brazilian emergency department, focusing on post-discharge referrals, defined as discharge without referral, unaddressed referral and referral addressed to the network. Associations between the outcomes and other variables were analysed using a Poisson regression model. RESULTS: Discharges without referrals prevailed, followed by addressed and unaddressed referrals. Regression models showed associations between post-discharge and age, prior continuous use of psychotropic medications, location of care, continued suicidal ideation at discharge and evaluation by a multi-professional team. CONCLUSION: A high number of adolescents were discharged from emergency departments without co-ordination with the mental health network, and the involvement of the multi-professional team was positively associated with addressed referrals. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: This study informs healthcare professionals by raising awareness of their practices in discharging adolescents after suicide attempts in emergency departments, with the possibility of improving care quality and reducing the likelihood of readmission. REPORTING METHOD: STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contribution.

Children's satisfaction and dissatisfaction with pain management in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

OBJECTIVE: To understand children's satisfaction and dissatisfaction with pain management in the pediatric emergency department. METHOD: Exploratory-descriptive qualitative study performed with children between 6 and 12 years of age and use of semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis of data. RESULTS: Nineteen children were interviewed. The results were organized in two themes: Theme 1 - Satisfaction perceived by children regarding pain management, which included three subthemes, namely: Priority care and quick pain relief, Basic needs met and Embracement by the team; and Theme 2 - Dissatisfaction perceived by children regarding pain management, which included three subthemes: Painful procedures, Uncomfortable environment and Delay in pain relief. CONCLUSION: Children's satisfaction with pain management was observed to be much more than pain relief or priority service, and also included the pediatric emergency department environment and embracement by the team. Care should be directed to children's singularities, that is, a care built from the understanding of the experience from children's point of view.

Nurses' knowledge and practices regarding pain management in newborns.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze nurses' knowledge and practices regarding pain management of newborns admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units. METHOD: A descriptive and cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 51 nurses based on an adapted questionnaire aimed at evaluating knowledge and practices regarding the management of neonatal pain in six hospitals in Curitiba and its Metropolitan Region. RESULTS: For most nurses (86.0%), neonates feel pain. A total of 34.7% of the nurses reported never using pain assessment scales. Pain management was recorded by 84.3% of the nurses. Administered pharmacological measures were Paracetamol and Fentanyl (47.1%) and Morphine (17.6%); while non-pharmacological measures adopted were sweetened solution (68.6%), non-nutritive sucking (58.8%) and positioning (56.9%). CONCLUSION: Nurses considered neonatal pain a real event; however, they do not perform pain assessment or treatment of newborns in a systematized way.It is necessary to implement knowledge translation strategiesin order to improve pain management in newborns. OBJETIVO: Verificar o conhecimento e as práticasdos enfermeiros sobreo manejo da dor de recém-nascidos admitidos em Unidades de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo e transversal. Os dados foram coletados com 51 enfermeiros, a partir de um questionário adaptado que visa avaliar o conhecimento e as práticas sobre o manejo da dor neonatal, em seis hospitais de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana. RESULTADOS: Para a maioria dos enfermeiros(86,0%), os neonatos sentem dor. Um total de 34,7% afirmaramnunca utilizar escalas de avaliaçãoda dor. O registro do manejo da dor foi realizado por 84,3% dos enfermeiros. As medidas farmacológicas realizadas foram Paracetamol e Fentanil (47,1%) e Morfina (17,6%);as não farmacológicas adotadas foram solução adocicada (68,6%), sucção não nutritiva (58,8%) e posicionamento (56,9%). CONCLUSÃO: Os enfermeiros consideraram a dor neonatal como um evento real, porém não realizavam avaliação ou tratamento da dor no recém-nascido de modosistematizado. É necessário implementarestratégias de tradução do conhecimento paraaprimorar o manejo da dor de recém-nascidos.

Living with pain: the experience of children and adolescents in palliative care.

A qualitative study was conducted with semi-structured interviews with the aim of understanding the experience of children and adolescents under palliative care when managing pain daily and how they describe the intensity, quality and location of pain. We used Piaget's theory of cognitive development as a theoretical framework and oral history as a methodological framework. We found four themes: describing pain; seeking a life closer to normality, despite pain and disease; using a variety of alternatives for pain control; and living with damaged physical appearance. Although pain is a limiting factor in the lives of children and adolescents, we found that they faced their daily pain and still had a life beyond pain and illness. In addition, we highlight the relevance of nurses' understanding that effective management of pain in children is essential for a normal life and less suffering.

Pain management in hospitalized children: unveiling barriers from the nursing perspective.

OBJECTIVE: To understand nursing team perceptions about the barriers in pain management in the care of hospitalized children. METHOD: Descriptive-exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, conducted with eight nurses and seven nursing technicians. Data were collected at the Universidade de São Paulo University Hospital, between June and September 2022, through individual interviews, analyzed from the perspective of thematic content analysis and in the light of Symbolic Interactionism. RESULTS: The following categories emerged: 1) Knowledge translation: is pain management actuallyperformed? and 2) Reflecting changes: how to achieve the potential of pain management? Professionals have theoretical knowledge about pain management, however, they listed numerous barriers at each stage, mainly related to institutional routine, and, when reflecting on this context, they indicated the need for an institutional protocol. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Barriers stand out from theoretical knowledge and make pain management for hospitalized children disregarded. Knowing this context is relevant forimplementing change strategies.

Giving new meaning to the impact of touch in Shantala massage: mothers' perceptions of maternal and child well-being.

OBJECTIVES: to understand maternal perceptions of maternal and child well-being based on Shantala massage and discuss its association with the third Sustainable Development Goal. METHODS: a descriptive-exploratory study in the light of Symbolic Interactionism. Eight women, mothers of infants, participated in five online meetings to teach Shantala massage, collected in focus groups, between November and December 2021. The data was subjected to thematic content analysis and lexical analysis with IRAMUTEQ®. RESULTS: two categories emerged, 1) Maternal perceptions of Shantala massage and its promotion of child well-being and 2) Maternal perceptions of Shantala massage and its impact on their well-being, interconnected with subcategories. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Shantala massage promoted mutual impacts on maternal and child well-being, working together to achieve the third Sustainable Development Goal.

Transforming Nasal Irrigation Experience of Children and Families with Therapeutic Instructional Plays.

In Brazil, nasal irrigation is a common procedure for children hospitalized with respiratory conditions. However, it often causes stress for both the child and their family. Nurses need to rethink their approach to care, and the use of therapeutic play can be an ally in transforming the stressful context. To understand the family perceptions of nasal irrigation in hospitalized children after an educational intervention mediated by instructional therapeutic play (ITP). This descriptive, exploratory, and qualitative study was conducted from the perspective of Herbert Blumer's Symbolic Interactionism in a hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. The study included family members of hospitalized children aged 3-6 years who participated in an ITP intervention and remained for 6 hours afterward. Participants self-reported literacy with preserved cognition and verbal communication. This study was conducted between March 2023 and January 2024 using semi-structured interviews with 38 family members. Data were analyzed using Bardin's thematic content and lexical analysis with IRAMUTEQ® software. The interaction of families with ITP for nasal irrigation in children led to a redefinition of the procedure from distressing to enjoyable. ITP was evaluated as an essential and stimulating method that familiarized the child with the procedure, facilitating the understanding process for both the child and the family. ITP is a caregiving technology that nurses can use to assist with nasal irrigation, re-signifying the experiences of children and their families during the procedure.

Drawing attention? Going through judgments regarding child and adolescent suicide attempts in emergency rooms from a professional perspective.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the perceptions of the multidisciplinary team of an emergency department regarding the care of children and adolescents who have attempted suicide. METHOD: An exploratory-descriptive, qualitative study, in light of the Symbolic Interactionism theoretical framework. Thirteen professionals from the multidisciplinary team from two emergency rooms (children and adults) of a secondary hospital in São Paulo participated. Data were collected between August and September 2018 using semi-structured interviews, analyzed using thematic content analysis complemented by the IRAMUTEQ® software. RESULTS: Two central categories emerged: Multidisciplinary team perceptions regarding attempted suicide care; and Multidisciplinary team perceptions regarding the possibilities for improving attempted suicide care. From these, professional perceptions of care, risk factors, emotional reactions, limitations of emergency rooms and strategies for improving practice were observed. CONCLUSION: Professionals perceived suicide attempt care from a biomedical and reductionist perspective, with an approach marked by stigma, judgment and lack of preparation.

Practice of immersion in hot water to relieve pain in neonatology: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVES: to identify immersion use in hot water to relieve pain in newborns. METHODS: an integrative literature review, carried out in the PubMed, VHL, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane and SciELO databases, with investigations in English, Spanish, French or Portuguese, published between 2002 and 2022. The Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were used to answer the following question: what are the uses of hot water immersion in relieving pain in newborns? RESULTS: nine studies were included, mainly Brazilian, experimental, with a predominance of strong and moderate levels of evidence. Hydrotherapy and bath use (immersion and bandaging) was observed, promising interventions in reducing pain scores, assessed using scales, physiological and endocrine parameters. CONCLUSIONS: hot water proved to be a promising non-pharmacological intervention in relieving pain in infants in different contexts.

Suicide attempts by adolescents assisted in an emergency department: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: to identify and characterize the care provided to adolescents admitted to an emergency department due to a suicide attempt. METHODS: an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study with a retrospective approach, carried out with medical records of adolescents aged 10 to 19 admitted for suicide attempts, between January 2015 and July 2020, in an emergency department. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential analysis. RESULTS: eighty-eight service occurrences were identified, mainly to females, exposed to multiple risk factors. Exogenous intoxication was the main method used, occurring at home and on weekdays. There were systemic repercussions, requiring multiple interventions and hospitalizations. Only 26% of cases were notified. CONCLUSIONS: adolescents treated for suicide attempts were exposed to multiple risk factors, with intoxication as the main means used. There is concern about the underreporting of cases and the logic of clinical care and medicalization.

From theory to practice: the inclusion of hospitalized children's families in painful procedures.

OBJECTIVE: To understand nursing team professionals' strategies to include the family in painful procedures performed on hospitalized children. METHOD: An exploratory-descriptive, qualitative study, carried out with nursing professionals. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, guided by a script of topics, transcribed and submitted to thematic content analysis, in the light of Symbolic Interactionism, discussed considering the Family-Centered Care philosophy assumptions. RESULTS: Two central categories emerged, "Theoretical perspective: the family as a care agent in painful procedures" and "Practical perspective: experiences, challenges and strategies in painful procedures for family inclusion", with their respective subcategories. CONCLUSION: Nursing professionals have theoretical knowledge about family inclusion in painful procedures based on the assumptions: Family-Centered Care: dignity and respect; information sharing; joint participation; and family collaboration. However, knowledge is not applied in clinical practice; consequence of the interaction between beliefs and attitudes unfavorable to family presence.

Family management style framework and its use with families who have a child undergoing palliative care at home.

Palliative care settings in many countries acknowledge families as their prime focus of care, but in Brazil, to date, researchers have devoted scant attention to that practice setting. In this article, we report the findings of a study that explored how families define and manage their lives when they have a child or adolescent undergoing palliative care at home. Data included individual semistructured interviews with 14 family members of 11 different families. Interviews were transcribed and the coding procedure featured qualitative content analysis methods. The deductive coding was based on the major components of the Family Management Style Framework and the eight dimensions comprising these components. The analysis provides insight into families' daily practices and problems inherent in managing their everyday lives that are encountered when they have a child in palliative care. The article features discussion of implications for the palliative care related development of family nursing practice.

Transition from disease to survival: accounts of adolescents who have experienced cancer.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the transition from disease to survival of adolescents who had experienced cancer. METHOD: qualitative study, developed with the theoretical framework of symbolic interactionism, conducted with 14 adolescent cancer survivors treated at an outpatient clinic after cancer therapy, in the city of São Paulo. Individual in-depth interviews were performed and recorded, and the data were analyzed and interpreted using the methodological framework of the thematic analysis. RESULTS: four themes were identified: going back to school, being able to live like other adolescents, living in the present moment, and seeking a purpose in life. CONCLUSION: the transition from disease to cancer survival was full of insecurities, difficulties, and challenges. After the disease, survivors acquire new values and new priorities in life, a reconstruction of the self. They also feel thankful to God and the people who were part of their treatment journey. HIGHLIGHTS: (1) Cancer survivors need long-term follow-up.(2) Health professionals are not prepared to support survivors.(3) Adolescents see survival as a new opportunity and feel gratitude.(4) Adolescents seek meaning in their survival.(5) Support planning is important to help in the transition period.

Effectiveness of warm compresses in reducing the temperature of febrile children: A pilot randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the application of a warm compress in association with the prescribed antipyretic drug compared to the effect of the prescribed antipyretic alone, in reducing fever in hospitalized children. METHOD: This is a pilot randomized clinical trial performed in pediatric units of a secondary-level hospital. The convenience sample consisted of 33 children with axillary temperature greater than or equal to 37.8°C (100°F), randomized to the control group (antipyretics) or intervention group (antipyretics + warm compresses). Temperature was monitored in both groups for 3 hours and data were collected using standardized instruments, analyzed using Mann Whitney, Fisher's Exact, Chi-Square, and ANOVA tests. RESULTS: The control group consisted of 17 children and the intervention group of 16 children. The temperature of all children decreased over time, with progressive attenuation, with a lower final mean in the control group (p=0.035). In the intervention group, irritability and crying were observed in 12.5% of the children. CONCLUSION: The application of warm compresses in association with antipyretics was not effective in reducing fever in hospitalized children compared to the use of pharmacological measures alone. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION PROTOCOL: UTN-U1111-1229-1599.

Beliefs, knowledge, actions of nursing techniques in breastfeeding in pain management in immunization.

OBJECTIVE: Understand the beliefs, knowledge, and actions of nursing technicians on breastfeeding as a form of non-pharmacological intervention to relieve pain in newborns and infants during immunization. METHODS: Qualitative study carried out through semi-structured interviews with nine nursing technicians from three Basic Health Units in a city in the state of São Paulo. The theoretical approach of the Belief Model and the methodological framework of Thematic Analysis supported this study. RESULTS: Three themes originated: Beliefs, Knowledge, and Actions of nursing technicians. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Despite knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding as the most effective method for relieving pain in newborns and infants during vaccination, their restrictive beliefs overrode the evidence, leading them to act in ways that discourage or prevent the mother from breastfeed during vaccination. Formal training is recommended to align with current evidence-based practices.

Pain management in hospitalized children: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize pain management in hospitalized children. METHOD: This is an observational, cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study of quantitative approach, carried out in a secondary hospital in the city of São Paulo, through analysis of 1,251 medical records of children admitted to the pediatric department. Data were tabulated and analyzed through descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 88.8% of children were assessed for pain with standardized instruments and 86% had analgesia prescribed. Among the assessments, 37.8% of the children had pain; of these, 26% had severe pain, greater in orthopedic conditions; 18.3% were not medicated, even with the presence of pain and prescribed analgesia; 4.3% had no analgesics prescribed; only 0.4% received non-pharmacological measures, and 40.3% had a report of reassessment. Professionals provided greater analgesia to children with surgical and orthopedic conditions compared to clinical conditions (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pain management in hospitalized children is ineffective, from initial assessments to reassessments after interventions, with prioritization of medication actions guided by professional judgment in the face of pain complaints.

Adolescent nursing consultation: an important excerpt from care provided by nurses in a Brazilian state.

OBJECTIVE: the care of adolescents with or without a chronic disease must complete, standardized and focused on individual demands and the transition process to adult care and adherence to treatment. This study aimed to characterize the care provided by nurses from the state of São Paulo who work with adolescents. METHOD: this is a cross-sectional and descriptive study on the care provided to adolescents by nurses in São Paulo, based on the answers to a self-administered questionnaire, available in the REDCap tool between August 2018 and October 2019. RESULTS: participants answered 1632 questionnaires. Only 38% of nurses work with adolescents, 11.2% exclusively. Professionals were divided according to the median length of professional experience in groups A and B (≤5 years and >5 years). Drug addiction (p=0.01) and working with a multidisciplinary team (p=0.04) were significantly more reported in group B. Routine follow-up (p=0.02) and questioning about sexual or physical violence (p=0.03) were significantly more performed by professionals from group A. CONCLUSION: this study identified the need for a care protocol that can be replicated on a large scale and that includes the treatment and the particularities of adolescents to improve adherence and the transition into adult care. KEYPOINTS: (1) Nursing consultation is essential for adolescents. (2) Care protocols must address the particularities of adolescents. (3) The transition to adult care is important and deserves attention. (4) Remuneration can impact the performance of nurses' activities, updates and training.

Chronic pain following inguinal herniorrhaphy: perceptions of children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the perceptions of children and adolescents about chronic postsurgical pain, experienced for three years after outpatient inguinal herniorrhaphy. METHOD: Descriptive, exploratory study, with a qualitative approach. Children and adolescents who reported chronic postsurgical pain were invited from previous quantitative research. The interviews with a semi-structured script were recorded, transcribed, and coded according to content analysis, thematic modality. RESULTS: Twenty children and teenagers participated. They attributed different meanings to chronic persistent postsurgical pain, configuring a bad, uncomfortable, intermittent and limiting experience, which socially isolates, interferes with daily, school, and leisure activities. The report of pain was underestimated and neglected by the children's and adolescents' healthcare team, family members, teachers, and friends. CONCLUSION: Children and adolescents recognize postsurgical pain as persistent pain and seem to perceive that their report is underestimated and neglected by parents and teachers. Additionally, they feel responsible for the presence of pain that affects psychological and social dimensions and imposes damage and fear that leads to the return of the hernia and to death.

Mothers' view on late postoperative pain management by the nursing team in children after cardiac surgery.

Postoperative pain management in children is a complex, multidimensional and subjective phenomenon. It represents a challenge for children, parents and health professionals. This study aimed to understand how mothers assess their children's pain management by the nursing team in the late postoperative phase of cardiac surgery. Empirical data collection was carried out through semistructured interviews with 17 mothers who accompanied their children. Data were subject to qualitative analysis, revealing that, for the mothers, taking good care results from the confidence they vest in the nursing team and from the observation of the medication interventions this team performs. Not taking good care of their children is a consequence of lack of information or inadequate communication between the team and the mothers. The results of this study permit identifying aspects that strengthen and weaken nursing care for these clients, contributing to the improvement of the delivered care.

Opiniões maternas sobre o banho para alívio da dor em crianças hospitalizadas / Opiniones maternas sobre el baño para calmar el dolor en infantes hospitalizados / Maternal opinions about bathing for pain relief in hospitalized children

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as opiniões maternas frente ao uso do banho terapêutico para alívio da dor em crianças hospitalizadas por agravos respiratórios. Métodos Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, conduzido em um hospital escola, secundário, no município de São Paulo entre julho de 2022 a julho de 2023. Participaram 16 mães de crianças hospitalizadas, por agravos respiratórios, com dor aguda, alfabetizadas, que acompanharam a realização da intervenção - banho terapêutico e o seu seguimento de uma hora. O banho consistiu em uma imersão em água quente (entre 37-39°C), com 2/3 do corpo imerso por, no mínimo, cinco minutos. Por meio de uma amostragem por conveniência, as mães foram solicitadas a redigir sua opinião com a frase norteadora: "Escreva sua opinião sobre o uso do banho terapêutico para alívio da dor do seu filho", com liberdade poética à escrita. Os dados foram submetidos a análise temática de conteúdo complementada pela análise lexical, com o software IRAMUTEQ®. Respeitou-se as diretrizes éticas nacionais. Resultados As mães opinaram que o banho terapêutico é uma intervenção efetiva e inovadora, com benefícios mútuos, à criança e a si. Na criança, redigiram que o banho proporcionou alívio da dor e de sintomas respiratórios, conforto e adormecimento. Já às mães, proporcionou satisfação com o cuidado, descanso e sensação de inclusão. Conclusão As mães opinaram que o banho terapêutico é uma intervenção efetiva e inovadora, com benefícios mútuos à criança e a si, com alívio da dor e posterior satisfação materna.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar las opiniones maternas sobre el uso del baño terapéutico para calmar el dolor en niños y niñas hospitalizadas por agravios respiratorios. Métodos Estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, realizado en un hospital universitario, secundario, en el municipio de São Paulo entre julio de 2022 y julio de 2023. Participaron 16 madres de infantes hospitalizados por agravios respiratorios, con dolor agudo, alfabetizadas, que participaron en la realización de la intervención (baño terapéutico y seguimiento de una hora). El baño consistió en una inmersión en agua caliente (entre 37 y 39 °C), con 2/3 del cuerpo sumergido durante cinco minutos, como mínimo. Por medio de un muestreo por conveniencia, se solicitó a las madres que escribieran su opinión a partir de la frase orientadora: "Escriba su opinión sobre el uso del baño terapéutico para calmar el dolor de su hijo", con libertad poética en la escritura. Se realizó un análisis temático de contenido de los datos, complementado con un análisis léxico con el software IRAMUTEQ®. Se respetaron las directrices éticas nacionales. Resultados Las madres opinaron que el baño terapéutico es una intervención efectiva e innovadora, con beneficios mutuos, para el niño y para sí misma. Relataron que, en el niño, el baño ayudó a calmar el dolor y los síntomas respiratorios y proporcionó bienestar y adormecimiento. Por otro lado, a las madres les proporcionó satisfacción con el cuidado, descanso y sensación de inclusión. Conclusión Las madres opinaron que el baño terapéutico es una intervención efectiva e innovadora, con beneficios mutuos, para el niño y para sí misma, que calma el dolor y proporciona satisfacción materna.

Abstract Objective To analyze maternal opinions regarding the use of therapeutic baths to relieve pain in children hospitalized for respiratory problems. Methods This is a descriptive, qualitative study, conducted in a secondary teaching hospital, in the city of São Paulo, between July 2022 and July 2023. A total of 16 mothers of children hospitalized for respiratory problems, with acute pain, literate, who followed the intervention - therapeutic bath and one-hour follow-up - participated. The bath consisted of immersion in hot water (between 37-39°C), with 2/3 of the body immersed for at least five minutes. Through convenience sampling, mothers were asked to write their opinion with the guiding phrase "Write your opinion about the use of therapeutic baths to relieve your child's pain", with poetic freedom in writing. The data were subjected to thematic content analysis, complemented by lexical analysis, with the IRAMUTEQ® software. National ethical guidelines were respected. Results Mothers believed that therapeutic bathing is an effective and innovative intervention, with mutual benefits for their children and themselves. In children, they reported that bathing provided relief from pain and respiratory symptoms, comfort and numbness. For mothers, it provided satisfaction with care, rest and a feeling of inclusion. Conclusion Mothers believed that therapeutic bathing is an effective and innovative intervention, with mutual benefits for children and themselves, with pain relief and subsequent maternal satisfaction.