RESUMO
The purpose of this study was to examine patterns of peripheral T-cell-activation antigen expression after polyclonal in vitro stimulation in early stages of lymphoproliferative diseases. With 18 patients afflicted with recently diagnosed, non-leukemic stages of B and T cell lymphoma cytofluorimetric analysis was performed with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) after 72 h in culture with and without phytohemagglutinin, using antibodies against the differentiation antigens CD3, CD8, CD4, CD16, CD19, CDw14, and the activation antigens interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R, CD25), HLA-DR (DR), CD56 and transferrin receptor (TR). Compared to healthy controls and patients with other diseases, a very significant reduction of large T cells bearing activation markers was found in all lymphoma cases. Furthermore, a pronounced inhibition in the expression of the activation markers IL-2R and TR, but not of DR, was detected on CD3+ cells in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated PBL of all lymphoma cells independently of DNA synthesis, as measured by [3H]thymidine uptake. Determination of the natural-killer-cell-(NK)-associated antigens CD16 and CD56, available for our studies in a CD16 + CD56 combination kit, revealed, after phytohemagglutinin stimulation, significantly increased expression values in 8 lymphoma patients so far investigated, as compared to 12 healthy controls. Thus, polyclonal activation combined with cytofluorimetric screening of activation antigens seems to give useful information on the functional defect(s) of PBL in an early state of lymphoma, and may therefore be of considerable diagnostic value. The observed pattern of T cell activation antigen expression after phytohemagglutinin stimulation may give further clues to the understanding of immune dysfunction(s) associated with lymphoma.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Diferenciação de Linfócitos T/análise , Citometria de Fluxo , Ativação Linfocitária , Linfoma/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Antígenos CD/análise , Feminino , Antígenos HLA-DR/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fito-Hemaglutininas/farmacologia , Receptores de Interleucina-2/análise , Receptores da Transferrina/análise , Membro 7 da Superfamília de Receptores de Fatores de Necrose TumoralRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the trace element transfer from the mother to the newborn. DESIGN: The concentrations of the eight essential elements calcium (Ca), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn), and of the non-essential and toxic elements barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), cesium (Cs), lanthanum (La), lithium (Li), lead (Pb), rubidium (Rb), antimony (Sb), strontium (Sr), and thallium (Tl) were determined in umbilical cord (n = 29) and corresponding maternal sera (n = 29) as well as in colostrum (n = 27). RESULTS: Umbilical cord serum concentrations of Ca, Mn, and Zn were 120%, 150%, and 148% of the maternal value, respectively. Maternal sera had twice the Cu concentrations found in healthy adults and five-times higher Cu than umbilical cord sera. Concentration ratios colostrum/maternal serum and colostrum/umbilical cord serum were approximately one for Co, 1.4 for Mg, two for Ca, Mn, and Sn, five for Cu (maternal serum), eight for Mo, and ten for Zn. Concentrations of the toxic elements Cd and Pb decreased in the order colostrum (Pb 2.6 microg/L; Cd 0.6 microg/L), maternal sera (0.8 microg/L; 0.3 microg/L), umbilical cord sera (0.4 microg/L; 0.2 microg/L). Maternal serum Ba and Rb was 182% and 66% of the umbilical cord value. For Sr and Li, an almost perfect correlation between umbilical cord and maternal sera was found. For Ba, Co, Cu, Mn, Zn none, and for Ca, Cs, Mn, Mo, Rb only weak positive correlations between these two compartments could be established. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that an active transport mechanism for the transport of Ca, Mn, Rb, and Zn from the mother to the newborn exists, whereas Cs, Li, and Sr follow concentration gradients. As regards Cu, the placenta showed to have a blocking effect on the transfer from the mother to the baby.
Assuntos
Colostro/química , Sangue Fetal/química , Troca Materno-Fetal , Oligoelementos/sangue , Adulto , Transporte Biológico Ativo , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Valores de Referência , Oligoelementos/análiseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess serum selenium (Se) level of Slovenian mothers at birth and to elucidate its impact on the Se content of umbilical cord serum of their newborns and of that of colostrum. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In sera of 20 Slovenian mothers at delivery and in the corresponding umbilical cord sera of their newborns Se concentrations were determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). In addition Se levels in 10 healthy female blood donors were determined. Colostrum samples of 18 mothers collected on the second and third day post partum were also investigated for their Se content. RESULTS: Serum Se concentrations of mothers showed to be 62+/-15 microg/l. Umbilical cord sera had 34+/-7 microg/l, which amounts to 55% of the maternal content. Concentrations of Se in colostrum ranged from 17 to 48 microg/l with a mean of 29+/-10 microg/l. In the sera of female blood donors the mean was 66+/-15 microg/l. A significant correlation (P<0.002) between the Se content of maternal and umbilical sera could be established. No significant correlation was found between maternal serum Se concentration and that of colostrum. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that dietary Se intake for pregnant women in Slovenia is borderline.
Assuntos
Colostro/química , Sangue Fetal/química , Estado Nutricional , Selênio/análise , Selênio/sangue , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Trabalho de Parto , Gravidez , Valores de Referência , Eslovênia , Espectrofotometria AtômicaRESUMO
Serum selenium values were investigated in 56 formula-fed and in 18 wholly breast-fed infants. In 14 of these infants, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was also investigated. Determination of selenium and GSH-Px was also done in umbilical cord blood of seven healthy newborns. In another 109 infants aged 1-15 yr, serum selenium values were investigated. A continuous fall of serum selenium values was noted in the first 3 mo of life. Low levels continued until the age of 6 mo with a mean of 36% of the umbilical cord vein level. Breast-fed babies of GSH-Px showed a less pronounced fall in selenium and had significantly higher levels of GSH-Px. GSH-Px activity was reduced from age 5 to 8 mo. Feeding of beikost caused a rise in the level of selenium. Children in the age groups 1-15 yr still had a significantly lower serum selenium level than adults.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Glutationa Peroxidase/sangue , Selênio/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Áustria , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Sangue Fetal , Humanos , Lactente , Alimentos Infantis , Recém-Nascido , Leite Humano , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
A technique of hydride cold-trapping atomic absorption spectrometry following microwave digestion was developed and optimized for the determination of selenium in human milk. The method was validated by the analysis of two standard reference materials (CRM milk powder). The detection limit was 0.5 ng mL(-)(1). The method was then used to analyze 78 milk samples from 38 Austrian mothers throughout their first 10 months of lactation. The mean concentration of selenium in the mother's milk decreased with the days postpartum from 23.9 +/- 12.0 microg L(-)(1) in colostrum to a plateau of 11.4 +/- 3.0 microg L(-)(1) in mature milk. On the basis of the milk selenium concentrations, the selenium intakes of the fully breast-fed infants and the lactating mothers were calculated. The selenium intake of the infants during their first 3 months of life was >8.2 microg day(-)(1). The selenium intake of the lactating mothers was 48 microg day(-)(1). Compared to the recommended dietary allowance, the fully breast-fed infants received sufficient selenium but the lactating mothers obtained less than the recommended.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Dieta , Leite Humano/química , Selênio/análise , Áustria , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Lactação , Período Pós-Parto , Espectrofotometria Atômica/métodosRESUMO
Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine 18 trace elements (Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Tl, and Zn) in 55 human milk samples from 46 healthy mothers collected during lactation periods extending to 293 days after birth. Se was quantified by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). To test the accuracy and the precision of the analytical procedure, milk powder reference materials (BCR 063 and BCR 150) were analyzed. The results obtained by ICP-MS and HG-AAS showed good agreement with the certified values. Whenever available, trace element concentrations determined in the human milk samples were compared to reliable literature data. The concentrations of Be (< 0.05 to 0.9 microgram/kg), Bi (< 0.09 to 2.0 micrograms/kg), Cs (1.7 to 7.7 micrograms/kg), La (< 0.05 to 3.7 micrograms/kg), Rb (440 to 1,620 micrograms/kg), and Tl (< 0.08 to 0.5 microgram/kg) are the first to be reported for human milk. The concentrations of the essential trace elements Cu (p < 0.005), Mn (p < 0.05), Mo (p < 0.0005), Se (p < 0.001), and Zn (p < 0.0005) significantly decreased and the concentrations of cobalt significantly increased (p < 0.005) in human milk during the course of lactation. All concentrations for the essential trace element tin in the human milk samples were below the method detection limit of 0.3 microgram/kg. Among the not essential and toxic elements-with the exception of Ba, Pb, and Tl-the trend toward lower concentrations with continuing lactation is much less pronounced than for the essential trace elements. With the exception of Se, the daily intakes of essential trace elements of fully breast-fed infants are considerably lower than dietary recommendations.
Assuntos
Leite Humano/química , Oligoelementos/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Lactação , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Controle de QualidadeRESUMO
A method was developed for the determination of selenium concentration in serum by flow injection-hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HG-AAS) following microwave digestion of serum samples and reduction of selenate to selenite. The detection limit of the method was 0.3 microg Se/L and the characteristic concentration, corresponding to the 0.0044 absorbance signal, was 0.12 microg Se/L. The results from the analysis of two Seronorm standard reference materials showed good agreement with the certified values. The method was then used to analyze selenium in sera of Austrian and Slovenian people for the calculation of dietary intakes. The selenium concentrations in sera of mothers at delivery, their neonates, and the male and female adults were 71+/-14, 42+/-6, 75+/-21, and 65+/-16 microg/L for the Austrians and 62+/-15, 34+/-7, 70+/-12, and 66+/-15 microg/L for the Slovenians. The dietary intakes of selenium of the mothers and the male and the female adults were calculated as 52, 37, and 46 microg/d for the Austrians and 45, 38, and 32 microg/d for the Slovenians.
Assuntos
Dieta , Selênio/sangue , Adulto , Áustria , Feminino , Análise de Injeção de Fluxo , Humanos , Indicadores e Reagentes , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Micro-Ondas , Compostos de Selênio/sangue , Eslovênia , Espectrofotometria AtômicaRESUMO
Concentrations of trace elements in newborns, infants, and adults may be significantly different from each other. Serum trace element reference ranges for different age groups are of value for diagnostic purposes. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was applied to the determination of the 21 trace elements Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, La, Li, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, TI, and Zn in a total of 117 sera of individuals representing different age groups. After microwave-assisted acid digestion with high-purity reagents, 20 umbilical cord sera, 5 sera of fully breast-fed infants, 6 sera of formula-fed infants, 66 sera of patients suffering internal diseases, and 20 sera of healthy blood donors were analyzed for trace elements. One serum and two whole-blood reference materials were analyzed for quality control. Experimental concentrations were in good agreement with certified values. Umbilical cord serum concentrations of the essential elements Ca, Co, Cu, and Mg and of the nonessential and toxic elements Ba, Be, Li, Pb, and Sb were elevated compared to the elemental concentrations in the sera of infants and adults. Serum levels of Ba, Ca, Co, Mn, Pb, and Sb of infants were much higher and serum Cu was significantly lower than in adults. Serum Cu increased significantly with age (newborns: 353 microg/L; infants: 755 microg/L; healthy adults: 810 microg/L), whereas for other trace elements no age-dependence could be established.
Assuntos
Oligoelementos/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/química , Humanos , Lactente , Alimentos Infantis/análise , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Leite/química , Leite Humano/químicaRESUMO
With inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the 18 trace elements Ba, (Be), (Bi), Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Pb, Rb, (Sb), (Sn), Sr, (Tl), and Zn were quantified in the digests of 13 formulas based on cow milk, of two formulas based on soy protein, of two milk powders, from which formulas were prepared, of two samples of Austrian cow milk, and in the water, with which the powders were suspended. Concentrations in parentheses were at or below the method detection limits in the formulas. The accuracy and precision of the analytical procedure tested with milk powder reference materials BCR 063 and BCR 150 were satisfactory. The concentrations of trace elements in the powders vary considerably from batch to batch. The ratios of high to low concentrations ranged from 1.1 to 4.8 and were higher for the essential trace elements Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Sn, and Zn than for nonessential or toxic elements. The contribution of tap water from the water system of the city of Graz, Austria to the concentrations of trace elements in the formulas ranges from 45% for Pb to 0.2% for Rb and is negligible, for instance, for Cd, Cs, La, Mo, and Sn. Preformulas and follow-up formulas are partly supplemented with the essential trace elements Cu, Mn, and Zn and, therefore, concentrations of these trace elements in the formulas vary considerably. However, supplementation of a formula with a particular element must not necessarily result in higher concentrations compared to non-supplemented formulas. Concentrations of the essential elements were in the following ranges for preformulas, follow-up formulas, soy-based formulas (in microg/kg): Co, 8.3-11.2, 4.5-13, 5.0-5.7; Cu, 330-750, 27-730, 440-530; Mn, 33-580, 40-390, 440-530; Mo, 10-32, 9-39, 44-46; Sn, <0.44-3.8, <0.44-1.0, <0.44-5.8; Zn, 3340-11,380, 4120-7100, 5590-6,840. A preformula supplemented with Mn had a 10 times higher manganese concentration than preformulas without supplementation. Concentrations of all trace elements quantified were lower in cow milk than in formulas and do not meet the dietary requirements of infants.
Assuntos
Alimentos Infantis/análise , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Leite/química , Oligoelementos/análise , Animais , Bovinos , Controle de Qualidade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Glycine max/químicaRESUMO
Magnetic sector field inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to the reliable determination of the 8 essential trace elements cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), and vanadium (V) as well as the 7 nonessential and toxic elements silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), scandium (Sc), and titanum (Ti) in 27 transitory and mature human milk samples and in 4 selected infant formulas. This advanced instrumentation can separate spectral overlaps from the analyte signal hampering significantly the determination of many trace elements by conventional ICP-MS. Moreover, superior detection limits in the picogram per liter range can be obtained with such magnetic sector field instruments. Therefore, this is the first study to report, the concentrations of the elements Ag, Au, Pt, Sc, Ti, and V in human milk and in infant formulas. Concentrations of Ag (median: 0.41 microg/L; range: < 0.13-42 microg/L) and Au (median: 0.29 microg/L; range 0.10-2.06 microg/L) showed large variations in human milk that might be associated with dental fillings and jewelry. Pt concentrations were very low with most of the samples below the method detection limit of 0.01 microg/L. Human milk concentrations of Co (median: 0.19 microg/L), Fe (380 microg/L), Mn (6.3 microg/L), Ni (0.79 microg/L), and Se (17 microg/L) were at the low end of the corresponding reference ranges. Concentrations of Cr (24.3 microg/L) in human milk were five times higher than the high end of the reference range. For Al (67 microg/L), As (6.7 microg/L), and V (0.18 microg/L), most of the samples had concentrations well within the reference ranges. All elemental concentrations in infant formulas (except for Cr) were approximately one order of magnitude higher than in human milk.
Assuntos
Alimentos Infantis/análise , Leite Humano/química , Oligoelementos/análise , Adulto , Áustria , Calibragem , Feminino , Humanos , Indicadores e Reagentes , Lactente , Espectrometria de Massas , Controle de Qualidade , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Ultrasound revealed evidence of pericardial effusion in 13 out of 26 children with coeliac disease. In a prospective study, we tried to analyse the causes underlying this high incidence of pericardial effusion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients were evaluated. Coeliac disease was diagnosed by intestinal biopsy. All children underwent sonography and a laboratory work-up including endomysial antibodies and serum selenium and iron concentrations. RESULTS: Patients with pericardial fluid showed no difference compared to those without effusion in regard to ECG, chest x-ray, red and white blood cell count, serum enzymes, serum protein as well as iron levels. The mean value of serum selenium was lower and endomysial antibody titre was higher in patients with pericardial effusion. However, due to the wide range, a clear distinction between the two groups was impossible. In all other investigated parameters there was no difference between patients with and without pericardial effusion. Patients with effusion had a higher frequency of viral infection. CONCLUSION: The high incidence of pericardial effusion in patients with coeliac disease appears to be governed by a multifactorial mechanism. A high endomysial antibody titre as well as selenium deficiency may play a role as a predisposing factor. Viral infection due to reduced immunological competence in conjunction with a hampered ability to eliminate toxic free radicals might cause blood vessel dysfunction, resulting in (asymptomatic) pericardial effusion. The fact that most of these patients were diagnosed during the cold season, with anamnestic evidence of viral infection shortly before the diagnosis, and the fact that adult patients with dilative cardiomypathy show a greater prevalence of coeliac disease, supports the view that coeliac disease is systemic in nature.
Assuntos
Doença Celíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Derrame Pericárdico/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Doença Celíaca/complicações , Pré-Escolar , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Derrame Pericárdico/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Selênio/deficiênciaRESUMO
3 groups, each consisting of 5 subjects in the following age ranges (A 4 to 6 years, B 25 to 45 years, C 60 to 70 years) were given fluoride in the form of a single dose of 6 mg. Fluoride excretion in the urine was subsequently investigated over a period of 24 hours. In a second experiment a daily dose of 6 mg of F- was given to the 3 groups over a period of 10 days. The urinary excretion was determined in 24-hour urine samples. The results are presented in two figures. 1. A time drift in urinary fluoride excretion in the direction of delayed fluoride metabolism was seen in group C subjects. 2. A periodic increase in the urinary fluoride values was also seen in these elderly subjects, indicative of an altered regulatory mechanism.
Assuntos
Fluoretos/urina , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fluoretos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Potenciometria , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Aromatase (P450(AROM)), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of testosterone (T) into 17-ß estradiol (E(2)), plays a crucial role in the sexual differentiation of specific hypothalamic nuclei. Moreover, recent findings indicate that local E(2) synthesis has an impact on other brain areas including hippocampus, temporal cortex and cerebellum, and may thus influence also cognitive functions. Numerous studies have described the expression and the distribution of P450(AROM) throughout ontogenesis and postnatal development of the central nervous system in several mammals, but data referring to humans are scarce. In the adult human brain, P450(AROM) has been detected in the hypothalamus, limbic areas, and in the basal forebrain, and described in glial cells of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. In this study we report the expression, distribution and cellular localization of P450(AROM) in the human fetal and early postnatal cerebral cortex. In our series of fetal brains of the second trimester, P450(AROM) expression appeared at gestational week (GW) 17 and resulted limited to groups of cells localized close to the growing neuroepithelium in the ventricular and subventricular zones. At GWs 20-24, scattered P450(AROM) immunoreactive (-ir) neural cells were identified in the intermediate plate and subplate, and in the parietal cortical plate. In perinatal and early postnatal individuals the quantity of P450(AROM)-ir elements increased, and revealed the morphology typical of glial cells. Double labeling immunostaining with anti-GFAP and anti-P450(AROM) antisera, and subsequent confocal analysis, confirmed this observation. Our data show that the expression of P450(AROM) in the fetal cortex starts approx at the end of the fourth gestational month, but increases steadily only in the last trimester or in the early postnatal period. This temporal trend may suggest that P450(AROM) could act as a differentiation-promoting factor, based on timing of the steroid actions.
Assuntos
Aromatase/biossíntese , Córtex Cerebral/enzimologia , Feto/enzimologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Aromatase/genética , Córtex Cerebral/embriologia , Córtex Cerebral/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Feto/embriologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-NascidoAssuntos
Agamaglobulinemia/diagnóstico , Infecções Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Agamaglobulinemia/tratamento farmacológico , Criança , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/uso terapêutico , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/complicações , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/diagnóstico , Masculino , Atelectasia Pulmonar/complicações , Atelectasia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Recidiva , SíndromeRESUMO
The incidence of coeliac disease in infants and children was estimated by the number of children born between 1 January 1969 and 31 December 1972 and the number of patients with coeliac disease born during the same period in the area served by the Kinderklinik Graz. The drainage area of the Kinderklinik Graz comprises 10.5% of the population of Austria and 11.1% of the children born in Austria during the period mentioned. The diagnostic criteria for coeliac disease includes evidence of intestinal malabsorption, a subtotal atrophy of the duodenojejunal mucosa and the demonstration of clinical and biochemical response to gluten withdrawal. In all patients born in 1972 a second biopsy was done after a period on gluten free diet and a third biopsy after reintroduction of gluten. The incidence of coeliac disease showed to be 1 in 496. The incidence for girls proved to be 1 in 403 and that for boys 1 in 636. These figures are in good correlation to that reported for Ireland and Switzerland but much higher than those estimated for Britain.
Assuntos
Doença Celíaca/epidemiologia , Áustria , Biópsia , Peso Corporal , Doença Celíaca/complicações , Doença Celíaca/metabolismo , Colesterol/sangue , Diarreia/etiologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/etiologia , Feminino , Flatulência/etiologia , Glutens/metabolismo , Transtornos do Crescimento/etiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Ferro/sangue , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , Vômito/etiologiaRESUMO
In 43 children who had been admitted to our department due to symptoms of malabsorption, sonography of the small bowel was performed before biopsy. Seventeen of the patients were shown to have celiac disease. Twenty-six patients had gastroenteritis, postenteritis syndrome, and enteropathic cow's milk allergy, and one patient had sarcoidosis. At the time of diagnosis, 16 children with celiac disease showed a sonographically abnormal appearance of the small-bowel wall structure. In addition to hyperperistalsis, slight ascites, pericardial fluid, or liver tissue texture changes could be found in some of the patients. Relating the findings of abnormal small-bowel wall structures to the data of the small-bowel biopsy, we found a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 88% for sonographic detection of changes related to celiac disease. Our findings indicate that sonographic data can be of great help in exploring children with signs of malabsorption. These data provide a further argument for the decision to perform a biopsy of the small bowel.
Assuntos
Doença Celíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Intestino Delgado/diagnóstico por imagem , Biópsia , Doença Celíaca/diagnóstico , Doença Celíaca/patologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Intestino Delgado/patologia , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The 18 trace elements Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Tl, and Zn were determined in three extensively hydrolysed formulae by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Two formulae were whey hydrolysates, whereas one was based on soy-bovine collagen hydrolysate. Two skim milk powder reference materials, analyzed to ensure the analytical precision and accuracy of the applied procedure, showed good agreement with the certified values. Most of the elemental concentrations in this three formulae were comparable to each other. However, concentrations of Cs in one formula were approximately 20 times higher than in the other two formulae. Another formulae had much higher concentrations of La and Mn compared to the other two formulae. As regards Rb, all three formulae had distinctly lower concentrations than the four pre- and nine follow-up formulae investigated in a previous study. For the essential trace element Sn, much higher concentrations were found in the three extensively hydrolysed formulae ( approximately 8 microg/kg) when compared to pre- and follow-up formulae (most of them <0.44 microg/kg). The concentrations of the toxic trace elements Cd, Pb, Sb, and Tl in extensively hydrolysed formulae did not exceed the concentrations in cow-milk-based formulae. Daily intakes provided by the investigated formulae differ by a factor of 1.6 for Co, of 3.2 for Cu, of 8.7 for Mn, of 4.8 for Mo, and of 1.5 for Zn. Adequate daily intakes for Cu, Mo, and Zn are guaranteed by the use of most formulae, whereas only one hydrolysed formula fulfilled these requirements for manganese. Two hydrolysed formulae provide only approximately 50% of the recommended intakes for Mo.
Assuntos
Alimentos Infantis/análise , Leite/química , Oligoelementos/análise , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Bovinos , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrólise , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Política Nutricional , Glycine max/química , Oligoelementos/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
AIM: To evaluate the potential benefits of sonographic assessment in the diagnostic work-up of children suspected of having coeliac disease. METHOD: 39 infants with biopsy-proven coeliac disease were evaluated by sonographic assessment. Ten of them had presented with unusual clinical features such as acute abdomen and underwent sonography as the first diagnostic procedure. RESULTS: Various sonographic anomalies were observed: abdominal fluid in 76%, hyperperistalsis in 82%, pericardial effusion in 47% and unusual appearance of the small bowel wall in 94%. CONCLUSION: Although sonography cannot replace intestinal biopsy, awareness of the sonographic anomalies associated with coeliac disease in children can lead to a quicker diagnosis and prompt introduction of adequate therapy. It should be performed as a part of the diagnostic workup in infants who fail to thrive.
Assuntos
Doença Celíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Abdome Agudo/etiologia , Biópsia , Doença Celíaca/patologia , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Mucosa Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Masculino , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
A simple and rapid method for the diagnosis of steatorrhea is described. The method is based on the assessment of the difference of specific gravity and lipophilic property between a normal stool and that in steatorrhea, using a benzene-NaBr system. The stool samples are dried, pulverized, and then investigated. Steatorrhea is defined either as a fat or more in a 24-hour sample. Stool samples of 71 infants and children were examined. Among these were 23 healthy subjects, 10 with upper respiratory tract infections, and 6 with pneumonia. A further 31 children had celiac disease, 9 of them were on a gluten-free diet, and one child had cystic fibrosis. The procedure described renders single stool samples suitable for the assessment of steatorrhea. As a screening test the method proved to be rapid and accurate in the diagnosis of steatorrhea.