RESUMO
CENP-A is a histone variant, which replaces histone H3 at centromeres and confers unique properties to centromeric chromatin. The crystal structure of CENP-A nucleosome suggests flexible nucleosomal DNA ends, but their dynamics in solution remains elusive and their implication in centromere function is unknown. Using electron cryo-microscopy, we determined the dynamic solution properties of the CENP-A nucleosome. Our biochemical, proteomic, and genetic data reveal that higher flexibility of DNA ends impairs histone H1 binding to the CENP-A nucleosome. Substituting the 2-turn αN-helix of CENP-A with the 3-turn αN-helix of H3 results in compact particles with rigidified DNA ends, able to bind histone H1. In vivo replacement of CENP-A with H3-CENP-A hybrid nucleosomes leads to H1 recruitment, delocalization of kinetochore proteins, and significant mitotic and cytokinesis defects. Our data reveal that the evolutionarily conserved flexible ends of the CENP-A nucleosomes are essential to ensure the fidelity of the mitotic pathway.
Assuntos
Autoantígenos/metabolismo , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/metabolismo , DNA/metabolismo , Histonas/metabolismo , Cinetocoros/metabolismo , Mitose/fisiologia , Nucleossomos/metabolismo , Animais , Autoantígenos/genética , Autoantígenos/ultraestrutura , Sítios de Ligação , Proteína Centromérica A , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/deficiência , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/genética , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Crioeletrônica , Citocinese , DNA/química , Genótipo , Células HeLa , Humanos , Cinetocoros/ultraestrutura , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Modelos Moleculares , Mutação , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Nucleossomos/ultraestrutura , Fenótipo , Ligação Proteica , Conformação Proteica em alfa-Hélice , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , TransfecçãoRESUMO
FACT, in addition to its role in transcription, is likely implicated in both transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair and DNA double strand break repair. Here, we present evidence that FACT could be directly involved in Base Excision Repair and elucidate the chromatin remodeling mechanisms of FACT during BER. We found that, upon oxidative stress, FACT is released from transcription related protein complexes to get associated with repair proteins and chromatin remodelers from the SWI/SNF family. We also showed the rapid recruitment of FACT to the site of damage, coincident with the glycosylase OGG1, upon the local generation of oxidized DNA. Interestingly, FACT facilitates uracil-DNA glycosylase in the removal of uracil from nucleosomal DNA thanks to an enhancement in the remodeling activity of RSC. This discloses a novel property of FACT wherein it has a co-remodeling activity and strongly enhances the remodeling capacity of the chromatin remodelers. Altogether, our data suggest that FACT may acts in concert with RSC to facilitate excision of DNA lesions during the initial step of BER.
Assuntos
Reparo do DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas de Grupo de Alta Mobilidade/genética , Histonas/genética , Transcrição Gênica , Fatores de Elongação da Transcrição/genética , Animais , Cromatina/genética , Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina/genética , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/genética , Dano ao DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/biossíntese , Células HeLa , Proteínas de Grupo de Alta Mobilidade/biossíntese , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Nucleossomos/genética , Estresse Oxidativo/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Elongação da Transcrição/biossíntese , Uracila/metabolismo , Xenopus laevisRESUMO
H3.3 is a histone variant that marks transcription start sites as well as telomeres and heterochromatic sites on the genome. The presence of H3.3 is thought to positively correlate with the transcriptional status of its target genes. Using a conditional genetic strategy against H3.3B, combined with short hairpin RNAs against H3.3A, we essentially depleted all H3.3 gene expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Following nearly complete loss of H3.3 in the cells, our transcriptomic analyses show very little impact on global gene expression or on the localization of histone variant H2A.Z. Instead, fibroblasts displayed slower cell growth and an increase in cell death, coincident with large-scale chromosome misalignment in mitosis and large polylobed or micronuclei in interphase cells. Thus, we conclude that H3.3 may have an important under-explored additional role in chromosome segregation, nuclear structure, and the maintenance of genome integrity.