Microbiota Diversity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Gut and Mouth Cavity Microbiota Diversity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

Lung malignancies have a substantial impact on cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. Even though many factors involved in the development of the disease are known, many questions remain unanswered. Previous studies suggest that the intestinal microbiota may have a role in developing malignant diseases. According to some findings, the microbiota has proven to be a key modulator of carcinogenic processes and the immune response against cancer cells, potentially influencing the effectiveness of immunotherapy. In our study, we characterized culturable microorganisms associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that can be recovered from rectal swabs and mouthwash. In addition, we also explored differences in the culturable microbiota with two main types of NSCLC - adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). With 141 patients included in the study (86 ADC and 55 SCC cases), a significant difference was observed between the two types in seven bacterial species (Collinsella, Corynebacterium, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Neisseria, Rothia, and Streptococcus), including the site of origin. The relationship between microbial dysbiosis and lung cancer is poorly understood; future research could shed light on the links between gut microbiota and lung cancer development.

Lung Cancer in Non-smokers in Czech Republic: Data from LUCAS Lung Cancer Clinical Registry.

BACKGROUND/AIM: LUCAS is a clinical lung cancer registry (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier is NCT04228237), prospectively collecting data from newly diagnosed lung cancer patients in seven pneumooncology centers in the Czech Republic, since June 1, 2018. The aim of the study was to assess the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis, percentage of morphological types, survival, percentage of driving mutations, eligibility for radical surgery, and percentage of patients who undergo radical surgery, in the non-smoking population in comparison with smokers and former smokers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The total number of patients in the registry at the time of the analysis was 2,743. Only 2,439 patients with complete records (smoking status, stage, and type of tumor) were included in this study. RESULTS: The analysis indicated that non-smokers are diagnosed at a later stage of the disease but they have a better survival rate than smokers. Fewer smokers with stage III disease who are eligible for radical surgery will undergo surgery compared to non-smokers with the same clinical stage. Driving mutations are more common in non-smokers, even after adjustment for the more frequent occurrence of adenocarcinoma in the group of non-smokers. CONCLUSION: The data from LUCAS registry are consistent with already known facts, suggesting that the LUCAS registry is a useful clinical tool.

Dabrafenib monotherapy in BRAF+ non-small cell lung cancer - our experience.

BACKGROUND: Activating BRAF mutations result in constitutive activation of the MAP kinase signaling cascade, stimulating cell proliferation. BRAF mutations are typical for malignant melanoma, but occur less frequently in other tumors, including in 1-2% cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [1,2]. CASE: We present two case reports of BRAF+ NSCLC patients, treated with 3rd line dabrafenib monotherapy on our department, and also brief review of available information about dabrafenib and its use in monotherapy of BRAF+ NSCLC. CONCLUSION: Monotherapy with BRAF inhibitors presents a viable alternative for BRAF+ NSCLC patients, incapable of combined therapy with trametinib. The lack of proper indication and reimbursement for NSCLC cases remains a problem, and individual treatment approval is required.