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In order to investigate heavy metals in phosphorus fertilizers in China, 159 samples of phosphorus fertilizers including imported fertilizers and domestic fertilizers were collected from fertilizer markets, and the contents of heavy metals were determined by ICP-MS and AFS after microwave digestion. The results showed that the phosphorous fertilizers contained certain amount of heavy metals, and there was great variability in the contents of heavy metals. The mean contents of Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni, As and Hg were 0. 77, 35.6, 102.7, 24. 1, 16.6, 15.4, 19.4 and 0. 08 mg kg-1 fertilizer, respectively; based on the calculation of P2O5, the mean contents of above heavy metals were 4. 48, 258. 4, 767. 4, 190. 0, 151.3, 134. 5, 155. 8 and 8. 79 mg kg-1 P2 O5, respectively. The contents of heavy metals Cd, Cr, Pb, As and Hg in the tested samples accord with the ecological index of arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium and mercury for fertilizers (GB/T 23349-2009), with the exception of Cd in one imported sample of diammonium phosphate and As in one sample of mono-ammonium phosphate. Analyzing the contents of heavy metals in imported fertilizers, the Cd contents in imported fertilizers was ranged from 0. 02 to 27. 2 mg kg-1 fertilizer, the mean and median Cd contents in imported fertilizers were 3. 20 and 0. 41 mg kg-1 fertilizer, respectively. And the Cu, Cr and Hg contents in the imported fertilizers were higher than that of domestic fertilizers, the mean contents of Cu, Cr and Hg in imported fertilizers were 39. 4, 26. 6 and 0. 47 mg kg-1 fertilizer, respectively.
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In order to explore the feasibility of using the image processing technology to diagnose the nitrogen status and to predict the maize yield, a field experiment with different nitrogen rates with green manure incorporation was conducted. Maize canopy digital images over a range of growth stages were captured by digital camera. Maize nitrogen status and the relationships between image color indices derived by digital camera for maize at different growth stages and maize nitrogen status indicators were analyzed. These digital camera sourced image color indices at different growth stages for maize were also regressed with maize grain yield at maturity. The results showed that the plant nitrogen status for maize was improved by green manure application. The leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value), aboveground biomass and nitrogen uptake for green manure treatments at different maize growth stages were all higher than that for chemical fertilization treatments. The correlations between spectral indices with plant nitrogen indicators for maize affected by green manure application were weaker than that affected by chemical fertilization. And the correlation coefficients for green manure application were ranged with the maize growth stages changes. The best spectral indices for diagnosis of plant nitrogen status after green manure incorporation were normalized blue value (B/(R+G+B)) at 12-leaf (V12) stage and normalized red value (R/(R+G+B)) at grain-filling (R4) stage individually. The coefficients of determination based on linear regression were 0. 45 and 0. 46 for B/(R+G+B) at V12 stage and R/(R+G+B) at R4 stage respectively, acting as a predictor of maize yield response to nitrogen affected by green manure incorporation. Our findings suggested that digital image technique could be a potential tool for in-season prediction of the nitrogen status and grain yield for maize after green manure incorporation when the suitable growth stages and spectral indices for diagnosis were selected.
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Nitrogênio/análise , Análise Espectral/métodos , Zea mays/química , Zea mays/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biomassa , Clorofila , Cor , Esterco , Fotografação , Folhas de Planta , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Non-destructive testing, as a new, rapid, non-destructive technology, is the direction of agricultural produce testing in the future. In this study, the nitrogen content of cucumber leaves was predetermined using near infrared spectroscopy technology. The main results were as follows: The authors measured the nitrogen content in cucumber leaves with Kjeldahl method and near infrared spectroscopy, then established a model between them, and processed a external verification next. The verification results showed that the determination coefficient of the model was 0.4066, relative standard deviation is 0.1559, and calibration standard deviation is 0.72; Then the authors predicted the cucumber leaves nitrogen content with this model, and the results showed that the mean absolute percent error was 0.59, average relative error was 13.88, and correlation coefficient of the chemical values and predicted values was 0.6377. So it was proved that this model had a certain feasibility in vegetable leaves nitrogen testing.
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Cucumis sativus/química , Nitrogênio/análise , Folhas de Planta/química , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho , CalibragemRESUMO
This study explores the effects of nanomaterials in rice seedlings using carbon 13 (13C)-labelled fullerene (C60). The experiment consisted of three groups, one CK and two nano particle groups with C60: 100 mg L-1 and 20 mg L-1. Mass spectrometry indicated higher 13C abundances in the nano particle groups compared with the CK. The 13C abundances of the 20 mg L-1 group, 100 mg L-1 group and CK were 1.0718%, 1.0715% and 1.0704%, respectively. We analyzed phytohormone concentrations in the rice at harvest time. Decreases in the concentrations of dihydrozeatin riboside (23% and 18% for the 20 mg L-1 and 100 mg L-1 group, respectively), zeatin riboside (23% and 18%, respectively), abscisic acid (11.1% and 12.7%, respectively), brassinolide (12.9% and 13.1%, respectively) and gibberellic acid 4 (12.9% and 13.1%, respectively) were observed compared with the CK. The gibberellic acid 3 concentrations in the 20 mg L-1 and 100 mg L-1 group increased by 12% and 7% compared with the CK, respectively. The methyl jasmonate concentration in the 100 mg L-1 group increased by 19.4% compared with the CK. The concentration of indole-3-acetic acid in the 100 mg L-1 group decreased by 13.5% compared with the CK. There was no change on isopentenyl adenosine concentration. This study indicates that C60 can be absorbed by rice and its effect on the growth of rice via phytohormones, including ABA, IAA, IPA, BR, GA3, GA4, DHZR, ZR and JA-ME. The results showed that, under the treatments of C60 NMs, the contents of some phytohormone in rice were decreased in comparison with CK.
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Fulerenos , Oryza , Ácido Abscísico , Isótopos de Carbono , Fulerenos/farmacologia , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/farmacologia , PlântulaRESUMO
About 45% of the world's fruit and vegetables are wasted, resulting in postharvest losses and contributing to economic losses ranging from $10 billion to $100 billion worldwide. Soft rot disease caused by Rhizopus stolonifer leads to postharvest storage losses of sweet potatoes. Nanoscience stands as a new tool in our arsenal against these mounting challenges that will restrict efforts to achieve and maintain global food security. In this study, three nanomaterials (NMs) namely C60, CuO, and TiO2 were evaluated for their potential application in the restriction of Rhizopus soft rot disease in two cultivars of sweet potato (Y25, J26). CuO NM exhibited a better antifungal effect than C60 and TiO2 NMs. The contents of three important hormones, indolepropionic acid (IPA), gibberellic acid 3 (GA-3), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the infected J26 sweet potato treated with 50 mg/L CuO NM were significantly higher than those of the control by 14.5%, 10.8%, and 24.1%. CuO and C60 NMs promoted antioxidants in both cultivars of sweet potato. Overall, CuO NM at 50 mg/L exhibited the best antifungal properties, followed by TiO2 NM and C60 NM, and these results were further confirmed through scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. The use of CuO NMs as an antifungal agent in the prevention of Rhizopus stolonifer infections in sweet potatoes could greatly reduce postharvest storage and delivery losses.
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The trace elements distribution in the root and leaf of greenhouse rape was determined with synchrotron radiation XRF, and many essential elements for human health were found, including Co, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu, Zn, K and Ca, among which the contents of Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn are especially higher than the other elements. The results proved that the contents of different elements in different parts of leaves and roots were inequable. Generally, the contents of K, Ca and Mg in the roots are significantly higher than those in leaves, while the contents of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn in the leaves are apparently higher than those in roots. And the contents of all the elements in lateral roots are much lower. The contents of K, Ca and Co in the central section of leaf were higher than those in the edge, and the contents are gradually increasing from the edge to center; the contents of Cu, Mn, Fe and Ni in the tip of leaf were higher than those in base, and it increases gradually from the base to the tip of leaf; the content of Zn in the leaf is absolutely uniform; all the elements in the middle of root were higher than those in two ends, and the contents in the base of root are commonly higher than those in the tip of root.
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Brassica rapa/química , Oligoelementos , Fluorescência , Folhas de Planta , Raízes de Plantas , Espectrometria por Raios X , SíncrotronsRESUMO
Winter wheat is one of the main food crops in China, and ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products is an important component in agricultural production. The absorption of heavy metals by winter wheat is affected by many factors. To clarify the characteristics of heavy metal absorption by winter wheat under field conditions, and the quantitative relationship between the content of heavy metals in wheat grains and the physical and chemical properties of soil and its content of heavy metals, point-to-point sampling was carried out from 50 fields with different levels of heavy metal pollution in the main wheat-producing areas of North China. The pH, organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and contents of heavy metals in soil, wheat grain, and straw were analyzed. In addition, the characteristics of heavy metals absorbed by wheat and the effects of the physical and chemical properties of soil on the absorption of heavy metals by wheat were studied, and the quantitative relationship between heavy metals and physical and chemical properties of soil and heavy metals in wheat grain was studied by multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that the Cd content in soil in the wheat field ranged from 0.150 to 2.66 mg·kg-1, and the Cd content of the corresponding wheat grain ranged from 0.033 to 0.39 mg·kg-1. The range of Pb content in soil was 4.68-371 mg·kg-1, and the corresponding wheat Pb content range was 0.27-2.4 mg·kg-1. The soil As content range was 3.00-21.3 mg·kg-1, and the corresponding wheat grain As content range was 0.044-0.18 mg·kg-1. The over-standard rates of wheat Cd, Pb, and As were 55%, 100%, and 0, respectively, and those of soil Cd, Pb, and As were 52%, 13%, and 0, respectively. Soil Cd content was positively correlated with wheat grain Cd content (P<0.01), with correlation coefficient r=0.663 (n=50). There was a significant positive correlation between soil Pb content and wheat Pb content (P<0.05), with correlation coefficient r=0.348 (n=50). There was no significant correlation between soil As content and wheat As content. The mean enrichment coefficients of wheat grains on Cd, Pb, and As were 0.17, 0.027, and 0.0089, respectively, and the mean transfer coefficients were 0.52, 0.27, and 0.22, respectively. The enrichment and transfer coefficients of heavy metals in wheat were Cd > Pb > As. The content of heavy metals in wheat straw was 2-5 times higher than that in corresponding grains. Soil pH, OM, and CEC also affect Cd content in wheat grains. Soil Cd content, soil pH, OM, CEC, and wheat grain Cd content were analyzed by multiple regression analysis, and four prediction equations of wheat grain Cd content were obtained. The correlation coefficient r reached a very significant level (P<0.01), and the correlation coefficient of the prediction equation including all variables was highest at r=0.810 (n=50), showing that it could predict the Cd content in wheat grains well.
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With the rapid development of transgenic plant, more and more attention has been paid to its ecological safety. Dual-toxin transgenic (Bt+CpTI) cottons and regular cotton were studied by ICP-MS to detect the concentration of heavy metals. The results showed that the sequence of concentration of heavy metals is root > leaf > stem in cotton; the transgenic cotton accumulated less Cd and As than regular cotton in all the organs; and the content of Cr in leaf and stem of transgenic cotton was lower than that in regular cotton, while the content of Pb was lower only in stem. All the data showed that the insertion of foreign gene (Bt) might change the absorbing dynamics of most heavy metal. The reason for this change should be studied further.
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Gossypium/genética , Gossypium/metabolismo , Metais Pesados/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas , Estruturas Vegetais/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente ModificadasRESUMO
Rare earth elements are important nutritional elements for human health, and today more and more attention has been paid to the effective components in Chinese traditional medicine, especially to rare earth elements. Fifteen rare earth elements in wild hypericum japonicum Thunb were analyzed by the methods of ICP-MS. The results showed that the concentrations of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Tm, Lu and Y ranged from 6 ng x g(-1) x DW to 14 522 ng x g(-1) x DW, and among them the concentrations of La, Ce and Nd were higher than 2 000 ng x g(-1) x DW. Compared with the concentration of rare earth elements in rice, corn, wheat and barley, the total concentration of rare earth elements in hypericum japonicum Thunb was much higher, which could be the mechanism of curative effect of hypericum japonicum Thunb on liverish diseases. The character of elements and the content of rare earth elements in soil should be responsible for the difference, but the distributive mechanism of rare earth elements in hypericum japonicum Thunb should be further studied.
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Hypericum/química , Metais Terras Raras/análise , Espectrometria de MassasRESUMO
Potassium is one of the three most important plant nutrient elements, so many researchers pay attention on its fertilizer efficiency. But fertilizers were all industrial products containing many other nutrient elements in most experiments of fertilizer efficiency. All the other nutrient elements, including necessitous elements and beneficial elements in potassium fertilizer (KCl) were analyzed by method of ICP-MS. The results showed that KCl fertilizer contained many necessitous elements (Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mo), the concentrations of them are 50.51, 1 309.48, 5.44, 500.83 microg x g(-1) and 65.54, 238.85, 212.44, 10.40 ng x g(-1) respectively; beneficial elements (Na, Al, Si, Co and Se) are 25 095.89, 3.83, 3.40 microg x g(-1) and 13.12, 23.25 ng x g(-1) respectively. All the above elements could influence the results of potassium fertilizer efficiency experiments, so pure fertilizer should be used in the future potassium fertilizer efficiency experiments.
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Fertilizantes/análise , Cloreto de Potássio/análise , Espectrometria de Massas , Desenvolvimento Vegetal , Plantas/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Trace elements are important nutritional elements for human health. Six trace elements in Fuji apple skin and pulp were analyzed by the method of ICP-MS. The results showed that the concentrations of Ca, Mn, Fe, Se, Mo and I were 197 910, 1 623, 14 400, 2, 47 and 91 ng x g(-1) x FW in apple skin respectively; and 58 360, 281, 550, 4, 18 and 24 ng x g(-1) x FW respectively in apple pulp. The concentrations of most trace elements (Ca, Mn, Fe, Mo and I) in apple skin were several times higher than those in apple pulp, especially the concentrations of Fe, Mn and I in skin was 25.18, 4.78 and 2.79 times higher than those in pulp, except Se (2 ng x g(-1) x FW in skin and 4 ng x g(-1) x FW in pulp). So we should not peel apples before we eat them from regions where were not polluted by pesticides and heavy metals.
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Malus/química , Oligoelementos/análise , Análise de Alimentos , Malus/anatomia & histologia , Espectrometria de Massas , Epiderme Vegetal/químicaRESUMO
The contents of natural radioactive nuclides such as uranium and thorium in paddies were analyzed and compared by means of ICP-MS. Totally 14 paddy samples were distinguished into two groups and collected from two rice planting area. One group (12 paddy samples) was collected from the Xiangshan uranium deposit area, Jiangxi province; while the other group (2 samples) collected from non-uranium deposit suburban area of Fuzhou city, Jiangxi, as comparison samples. The distance between the two sampling areas is about 80 kilometers. Before analysis, those paddy samples were continuously carbonized by two hours first, then continuously incinerated for 8 hours at the temperature of 600 degrees centigrade. The results show that the uranium contents in the paddy ash of samples gotten from Xiangshan uranium deposit area range from 0.053 to 1.482 microg x g(-1). The uranium contents of two comparison paddy samples ash are 0.059 and 0.061 microg x g(-1), respectiovely. The average uranium content of paddy ash of uranium deposit area is 0.323 microg x g(-1). Compared with the comparison samples, the uranium contents of paddy ash of uranium deposit area are considerably high, 5.30 times that of non-uranium deposit area. The thorium contents in paddy ash of the uranium deposit area, however, are relatively low and less than that of samples collected from non-uranium deposit area, which range from 0.029 to 0.311 microg x g(-1); The average level is 0.104 microg x g(-1), only about 50% of that of paddy ash sampled from non-urnaium deposit area. Moreover, there is significant linearity correlation between uranium and thorium contents of paddy sampled from Xiangshan uranium deposit area. The positive effects show that the thorium contents of paddy increase as uranium contents of paddy in uranium deposit area increase. The causes for the remarkable difference in uranium contents in paddy between urianium deposit area and non-uranium deposit area are not clear yet. The research on this topic, however, is very important and significant to the regional rice quality and food security.
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The level and form of nitrogen fertilizer could significantly influence the growth and development of plant. The present paper studied the content of chlorophyll by the instrument SPAD-502 after treated with different nitrogen fertilizer level and different nitrogen fertilizer form. The results showed that the contents of chlorophyll in the last expanding leaf of maize seedling treated by levels of 0, 100 and 200 kgN x hm(-2) respectively had no significant difference, with the value of SPAD ranging from 43.3 to 43.7, but when the nitrogen fertilizer level got to 400 kgN x hm(-2), the content of chlorophyll in the last expanding leaf of maize seedling increased significantly, which can be caused by other components in the nitrogen fertilizer, which needs to be further studied. The experiments of nitrogen form showed that maize seedling treated by ammonia nitrogen ((NH4)2SO4) contained more chlorophyll than that treated by saltpeter nitrogen (Ca(NO3)2), and the statistical analysis was significant. The reason for the effect of nitrogen form on the content of chlorophyll of maize seedling leaf could be: (1) it is easier for plants to absorb ammonia nitrogen ((NH4)2SO4) than saltpeter nitrogen (Ca(NO3)2); (2) ammonia nitrogen ((NH4)2SO4) contains more trace elements which can promote the growth and development of plants.
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Clorofila/metabolismo , Fertilizantes , Nitrogênio/química , Nitrogênio/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Plântula/efeitos dos fármacos , Zea mays/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Plântula/metabolismo , Zea mays/metabolismoRESUMO
Deficiency of micronutrients, especially iron and zinc, has been a serious malnutrition problem worldwide in human health. Increasing Fe and Zn concentrations in grains by means of plant breeding is a sustainable, effective and important way to improve human mineral nutrition and health. However, little information on grain Fe and Zn concentrations in Chinese wheat genotypes is available. Therefore, to determine the nutrients status especially these of micronutrients in wheat grain is necessary and very useful. Two hundred sixty two genotypes were selected from the wheat mini-core collections, which contained 23090 wheat genotypes in China and represented 72.2% of total genetic variation. All 262 genotypes were grown in soils of similar geographical and climate location in order to minimize the environmental effect. After harvesting, the grains were washed with deionized water and dried (around 70 degrees C), then digested in HNO3 solution using a microwave accelerating reaction system (MARS). Nutrient concentrations in stock solution were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Remarkable genetic variations among grain nutrient concentrations (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca, K and P ) in the tested genotypes were detected. The concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ca, Mg, K and P in wheat grain were in the ranges of 34.2-61.2, 26.3-76.0, 20.9-56.7, 3.4-9.8, 290-976, 1129-2210 mg x kg(-1); 0.34%-0.85% and 0.296%-0.580%, respectively. The corresponding average values were 45.1, 50.2, 37.9, 6.5, 515, 1772 mg x kg(-1), 0.55% and 0.451%, respectively. Significant positive correlations between micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) in wheat grains were detected, and the correlation coefficients were 0.395** (Fe and Mn), 0.424** (Fe and Zn), 0.574** (Fe and Cu), and 0.474** (Mn and Cu), respectively. However, no significant difference was found in grain nutrient concentrations between spring-wheat and winter-wheat genotypes. This study provides valuable and important information for breeding wheat genotypes which are enriched with minerals in grains, especially Fe and Zn
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Extratos Vegetais/análise , Espectrofotometria Atômica/métodos , Oligoelementos/análise , Triticum/química , China , Valor NutritivoRESUMO
Fertilizer contains not only one compound or one element, so it is important to determine the contents of other elements necessitous and beneficial to plant. All the other nutrient elements for plant, including necessitous elements and beneficial elements in ammonia nitrogen fertilizer ((NH4)2SO4) and CO(NH2)2, were analyzed by method of ICP-MS. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen fertilizer ((NH4)2SO4) and CO(NH2)2 both contain many necessitous elements, Mg, P, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mo, thereinto the contents of Mg, P, K, Ca, Mn and Fe were on microg x g(-1) the level, and Ni, Cu, Zn and Mo were on the ng x g(-1) level; compared with CO(NH2)2, ammonia nitrogen fertilizer ((NH4)2SO4) contains more necessitous elements and beneficial elements except Mo and Si. All the above elements could influence the results of nitrogen fertilizer efficiency experiments, so pure fertilizer should be used in the future nitrogen fertilizer efficiency experiments and the comparative experiments of different form nitrogen fertilizer.
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Amônia/química , Fertilizantes/análise , Ureia/química , Espectrometria de Massas , Plantas/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
In the present paper, a field experiment with different N rates was conducted to study the possibility of using the visible spectrum of crop canopy to diagnose N status for the summer maize. Visible spectrum parameters were compared with the leaf SPAD readings, total N concentration and vein nitrate concentration. Field measurement data showed that the greenness intensity, blueness intensity, normalized redness intensity, normalized greenness intensity and normalized blueness intensity of the maize canopy have significant relationships with leaf SPAD readings, total N concentration and vein nitrate concentration (under a low N input condition, with vein nitrate concentration < 2 000 mg x L(-1)) at summer maize 10 leaves unfold stage. The greenness intensity, blueness intensity, normalized greenness intensity and normalized blueness intensity have significant relationship with the vein nitrate concentration under a low N input condition (vein nitrate concentration < 2 000 mg x L(-1)). But when the maize vein nitrate concentration is above 2 000 mg x L(-1), there is no spectral parameter showing significant relationship with the vein nitrate concentration. The visible spectrum parameters reached a plateau with the vein nitrate concentration increasing. To sum up, the normalized greenness intensity (NGI) and normalized blueness intensity (NBI) have higher r values (0.45-0.66) than other parameters.
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Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Estações do Ano , Análise Espectral/métodos , Zea mays/metabolismo , Cor , Nitratos/metabolismo , Nitrogênio/químicaRESUMO
Concentration of trace elements and heavy metals is an important aspect to appraise the quality of Chinese traditional medicine. Seven kinds of trace elements and five kinds of heavy metals in spaceflight achyranthes were analyzed by the method of ICP-MS. The results showed that spaceflight achyranthes contained many wholesome elements, such as Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Se and Mo, whose concentrations are 9182.252 microg x g(-1) x DW, 310.5 microg x g(-1) x DW, 24.718 microg x g(-1) x DW, 18416.97 ng x g(-1) x DW, 5518.97 ng x g(-1) x DW, 1747.692 ng x g(-1) x DW and 211.87 ng x g(-1) x DW respectively. But the content of heavy metals is also high, as the concentrations of As, Pb, Hg, Cd and Cr are 514. 332 ng x g(-1) x DW, 1657.65 ng x g(-1) x DW, 13.212 ng x g(-1) x DW, 49.22 ng x g(-1) x DW and 922.038 ng x g(-1) x DW respectively, which accords with the relevant standard.
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Achyranthes/química , Metais Pesados/análise , Voo Espacial , Oligoelementos/análiseRESUMO
Because of the decrease in pasture and woodland proportion, soil loss is severe along the Yellow River basin. The Yellow River delta has been one of the deltas that form land most quickly. Research on the pollution of new land is important for its use and appraising the environment and food pollution along Yellow River basin. The contents of heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Hg and Cr) in new soils (2006) and old soils (1996) from Yellow River delta, were analyzed by the method of ICP-MS/ICP-AES, in order to determine the level of pollution along Yellow River basin. The results showed that the heavy metals pollution along Yellow River basin is increasingly severe, especially the concentrations of Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr and Cd in soil forming in 2006 are significantly higher than those in 1996, which should be noticed by our government.
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Monitoramento Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Metais Pesados/análise , Poluentes do Solo/análise , China , Espectrometria de Massas , Espectrofotometria AtômicaRESUMO
With the rapid development of transgenic cotton, people begin to focus on its physiology and ecology. The present paper studied the contents of heavy metals and microelements in transgenic cotton fibre by ICP-MS/ICP-AES. The results showed that the contents of most microelements (B, Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo) detected in transgenic cotton fibre were lower those in regular cotton fibre, especially the contents of Zn which was several times lower. But the concentrations of Na, Si, P, K and Ca in transgenic cotton fibre were higher than those of regular cotton fibre, especially for Si. The concentrations of the heavy metals detected (Al, Pb, Cr, Cd, Sb, Tl and As) in transgenic cotton fibre were all lower than those in regular cotton fibre. All the data showed that the accumulation patterns of heavy metals and microelements in transgenic cotton fibre were clanged by the insertion of foreign genes.
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Elementos Químicos , Gossypium/química , Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Metais Pesados/análise , Plantas Geneticamente ModificadasRESUMO
Environmental safety has been the focus worldwide, where involved are the pollutions of heavy metals, pesticides and persistent organic pollutants. Fertilizer has become one of the polluting sources of heavy metals, which are very deleterious to human health and environmental safety. Heavy metals are difficult to metabolize in human body and very harmful, so research on the pollution of heavy metals is considered increasingly important. The pollution sources of heavy metals include waste residue, waste water and exhaust gas from industry and automobile, and garbage from human life. The heavy metals in fertilizer can endanger the human body by the crop containing heavy metals. Two kinds of nitrogen fertilizer were analyzed in terms of the content of heavy metals by ICP-MS, and the results showed that the content of 10 kinds of heavy metals (Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg and Pb) in (NH4)2SO4 was 1345.13, 35.12, 2539.27, 287.26, 674.05, 270.79, 42.54, 22.13, 27.20 and 123.87 ng x g(-1) respectively; and in CO(NH2)2 it is 71.59, 5.36, 1167.71, 188.60, 7.46, 64.45, 10.55, 0.00, 0.09 and 3.71 ng x g(-1) respectively. All the data showed that CO(NH2)2 contained much less heavy metals than (NH4)2SO4, so we should select CO(NH2)2 as the nitrogen fertilizer in agricultural production.