RESUMO
The Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a standard approach for evaluating the environmental impacts of products and processes. This paper presents the LCA of Living Wall Systems (LWS), a new technology for greening the building envelope and improve sustainability. Impacts of manufacture, operation, and use of the systems selected, were evaluated through an LCA. LWS are closely related to several environmental benefits, including improved air quality, increased biodiversity, mitigation of heat island effects, and reduced energy consumption due to savings in indoor cooling and heating. Two prototypes have been selected, taking into account the modularity and the use of organic substrate as selection criteria. The systems evaluated were a plastic-based modular system and a felt-based modular system. The inventory data was gathered through the manufacturers. The LCA approach has been used to assess the impact of these solutions by focusing on the construction phase and its contribution to both the energy balance and the entire life cycle of a building. This approach has never been done before for LWS. The study found that out of the two systems through the manufacturing, construction, and maintenance stage of the LCA, the felt-based LWS has an impact on almost 100% of the impact categories analyzed, while plastic-based LWS has the lowest influence on the total environmental impact.
Assuntos
Poluição do Ar , BiodiversidadeRESUMO
The present work aims to identify the minimum threshold of serum calcium (SC) values in cows during the first week postpartum and evaluate their relationship with the presentation of endometritis in housed dairy cows. In this prospective longitudinal observational study, 467 cows from 3 farms in Lima-Peru were studied. Blood samples were collected from cows during the first week postpartum. Endometritis was diagnosed on day 35 ± 3 days postpartum by evaluation of vaginal discharge samples. The samples were obtained using the MetricheckTM device (Simcro, New Zealand). Two cut-off points were used to diagnose endometritis: a) endometritis metricheck score ≥ 3, and b) endometritis metricheck score ≥ 2. In the univariate model that considers a SC threshold of 5.25 to 8.75 mg/dL (1.31 to 2.18 mmol/L), a significant relationship (p < 0.05) was found for endometritis metricheck score ≥ 3, while no significant relationship was found (p = 0.12) with endometritis metricheck score ≥ 2. In both cases, the optimal SC threshold for the appearance of endometritis was determined to be a value ≥7.0 mg/dL (≥1.75 mmol/L). In the logistic regression models (parity, calving season, calcium level, and their interaction), only two variables were retained, parity and calcium level (p < 0.10). It was found that the probability of having endometritis metricheck score ≥ 3 was 1.9 (95% CI: 1.1 to 3.1), whereas the probability of having endometritis metricheck score ≥ 2 was 1.5 (95% CI: 1.0 to 2.5) in cows with calcium levels <7.0 mg/dL (<1.75 mmol/L). In conclusion, cows with calcium levels <7.0 mg/dL (<1.75 mmol/L) have a 1.9-fold greater risk of developing endometritis metricheck score ≥ 3 in the first week postpartum.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Endometrite , Animais , Cálcio , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Endometrite/diagnóstico , Endometrite/veterinária , Feminino , Lactação , Período Pós-Parto , Gravidez , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
CASE REPORT: The case is presented of a 51 year-old woman with a firm mass at the medial canthus of the right eye of five years onset. A low-grade lymphoproliferative lesion (reactive lymphoid hyperplasia) was diagnosed from an excisional biopsy DISCUSSION: Lacrimal sac tumors are rare, with a peak incidence in the fifth decade of life. The initial clinical features are epiphora and medial canthus swelling. As it mimics nasolacrimal duct obstruction, up to 40% of these tumors are misdiagnosed until undergoing surgery.
Assuntos
Doenças do Aparelho Lacrimal/diagnóstico , Ducto Nasolacrimal/patologia , Pseudolinfoma/diagnóstico , Biópsia , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Doenças do Aparelho Lacrimal/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Aparelho Lacrimal/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ducto Nasolacrimal/diagnóstico por imagem , Ducto Nasolacrimal/cirurgia , Órbita/diagnóstico por imagem , Pseudolinfoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Pseudolinfoma/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 48 year-old male with bilateral involvement of the salivary and lacrimal glands, which was diagnosed as Mikulicz's disease by incisional biopsy of the affected lacrimal glands, which was completely resolved after corticosteroid treatment. DISCUSSION: Sclerosing sialadenitis and/or dacryoadenitis are chronic inflammatory diseases that are currently classified into IgG4-related diseases. Specifically, Mikulicz's disease is defined by a persistent and symmetrical swelling of the lacrimal and salivary glands together with elevated serum concentration of IgG4 and tissue infiltration by IgG4 (+) plasma cells.
Assuntos
Doença de Mikulicz , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença de Mikulicz/diagnóstico , Doença de Mikulicz/tratamento farmacológicoAssuntos
Arabidopsis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Arabidopsis/genética , Genes de Plantas , Arabidopsis/ultraestrutura , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Mutação , Fenótipo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , RNA de Plantas/genética , RNA de Plantas/metabolismo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Fruit size and seedlessness are highly relevant traits in many fruit crop species, and both are primary targets of breeding programs for table grapes. In this work we performed a quantitative genetic analysis of size and seedlessness in an F1 segregating population derived from the cross between a classical seeded (Vitis vinifera L. 'Dominga') and a newly bred seedless ('Autumn Seedless') cultivar. Fruit size was scored as berry weight (BW), and for seedlessness we considered both seed fresh weight (SFW) and the number of seeds and seed traces (SN) per berry. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of BW detected 3 QTLs affecting this trait and accounting for up to 67% of the total phenotypic variance. QTL analysis for seedlessness detected 3 QTLs affecting SN (explaining up to 35% of total variance) and 6 affecting SFW (explaining up to 90% of total variance). Among them, a major effect QTL explained almost half of the phenotypic variation for SFW. Comparative analysis of QTLs for these traits reduced the number of grapevine genomic regions involved, one of them being a major effect QTL for seedlessness. Association analyses showed that microsatellite locus VMC7F2, closely linked to this QTL, is a useful marker for selection of seedlessnes.
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Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Vitis/genética , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cromossomos de Plantas , Frutas/genética , Ligação Genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Fenótipo , Sementes/genética , Vitis/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
The domestication of the Eurasian grape (Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa) from its wild ancestor (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) has long been claimed to have occurred in Transcaucasia where its greatest genetic diversity is found and where very early archaeological evidence, including grape pips and artefacts of a 'wine culture', have been excavated. Whether from Transcaucasia or the nearby Taurus or Zagros Mountains, it is hypothesized that this wine culture spread southwards and eventually westwards around the Mediterranean basin, together with the transplantation of cultivated grape cuttings. However, the existence of morphological differentiation between cultivars from eastern and western ends of the modern distribution of the Eurasian grape suggests the existence of different genetic contribution from local sylvestris populations or multilocal selection and domestication of sylvestris genotypes. To tackle this issue, we analysed chlorotype variation and distribution in 1201 samples of sylvestris and sativa genotypes from the whole area of the species' distribution and studied their genetic relationships. The results suggest the existence of at least two important origins for the cultivated germplasm, one in the Near East and another in the western Mediterranean region, the latter of which gave rise to many of the current Western European cultivars. Indeed, over 70% of the Iberian Peninsula cultivars display chlorotypes that are only compatible with their having derived from western sylvestris populations.
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DNA de Cloroplastos/química , Polimorfismo Genético , Vitis/classificação , Europa (Continente) , Genótipo , Região do Mediterrâneo , Repetições de Microssatélites , Oriente Médio , Filogenia , Vitis/genéticaRESUMO
We used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) to analyze the stability of DNA methylation throughout Arabidopsis development. AFLP can detect genome-wide changes in cytosine methylation produced by DNA demethylation agents, such as 5-azacytidine, or specific mutations at the DDM1 locus. In both cases, cytosine demethylation is associated with a general increase in the presence of amplified fragments. Using this approach, we followed DNA methylation at methylation sensitive restriction sites throughout Arabidopsis development. The results show a progressive DNA methylation trend from cotyledons to vegetative organs to reproductive organs.
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Arabidopsis/genética , Metilação de DNA , DNA de Plantas/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , DNA de Plantas/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no DesenvolvimentoRESUMO
AFLP analysis using restriction enzyme isoschizomers that differ in their sensitivity to methylation of their recognition sites has been used to analyse the methylation state of anonymous CCGG sequences in Arabidopsis thaliana. The technique was modified to improve the quality of fingerprints and to visualise larger numbers of scorable fragments. Sequencing of amplified fragments indicated that detection was generally associated with non-methylation of the cytosine to which the isoschizomer is sensitive. Comparison of EcoRI/ HpaII and EcoRI/ MspI patterns in different ecotypes revealed that 35-43% of CCGG sites were differentially digested by the isoschizomers. Interestingly, the pattern of digestion among different plants belonging to the same ecotype is highly conserved, with the rate of intra-ecotype methylation-sensitive polymorphisms being less than 1%. However, pairwise comparisons of methylation patterns between samples belonging to different ecotypes revealed differences in up to 34% of the methylation-sensitive polymorphisms. The lack of correlation between inter-ecotype similarity matrices based on methylation-insensitive or methylation-sensitive polymorphisms suggests that whatever the mechanisms regulating methylation may be, they are not related to nucleotide sequence variation.
Assuntos
Arabidopsis/genética , Metilação de DNA , DNA de Plantas/metabolismo , Genes de Plantas , Variação Genética , Arabidopsis/classificação , DNA-Citosina Metilases , Desoxirribonuclease EcoRI , Desoxirribonuclease HpaII , Filogenia , Polimorfismo Genético , Mapeamento por RestriçãoRESUMO
Conditions to promote dark morphogenesis and flower-ing in Arabidopsis have previously been limited to liquid cultures and to a few laboratory ecotypes. We have obtained development and flowering of Arabidopsis plants under complete darkness by growing them on vertical Petri dishes containing solid agar medium with sucrose. Under these conditions, all the ecotypes tested were able to develop, giving rise to etiolated plants that flowered after producing a certain number of leaves. Dark-grown plants showed similarities with phytochrome-deficient mutants and were different from de-etiolated or constitutive photomorphogenesis mutants such as det and cop. Late- and early-flowering ecotypes, showing large differences in flowering time and leaf number under long days, flowered with a similar number of leaves when grown in the dark. Rapid dark flowering of late-flowering ecotypes was not an effect of darkness but the result of the interaction between dark and sucrose availability at the aerial part of the plant, since sucrose also had an effect when plants were grown in the light. Gibberellin-deficient and insensitive mutants were delayed in the initiation of flowers in the dark, indicating a role for these hormones in flowering promotion in the dark. The late-flowering phenotype of mutants at different loci of the autonomous and long-day-dependent flowering induction pathways was rescued in dark growth conditions. However, the late-flowering phenotype of ft and fwa mutants was not rescued by sucrose either in the dark or in the light, suggesting a different role for these genes in flowering induction.
Assuntos
Arabidopsis/fisiologia , Sacarose/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Escuridão , Genótipo , Luz , Morfogênese , Folhas de Planta , Caules de PlantaRESUMO
We have used nuclear and chloroplast molecular markers to genotype cultivated and wild accessions of Vitis vinifera L. from Tunisia and assess their genetic relationships. Fifty-five distinct genotypes were identified among 80 cultivated accessions, including 18 genotypic groups containing between 2 and 5 accessions per group. They could represent a total of 60 distinct cultivars owing to berry colour variation found within identical genotype groups. Most of the 55 genotypes represent unique table grape genotypes except for one of them that was found identical to the genotype of table grape cultivar Rosseti. Hybridization among cultivars as well as self pollinations seems to have played an important role in their origin since several groups of closely related cultivars were observed. Furthermore, a parentage analysis showed a high probability for a parent hybrid relationship within two groups of three cultivars. No strong genetic similarities were found between cultivated and wild samples indicating that the cultivated accessions do not derive from local Vitis vinifera L. populations but could have been introduced from other regions in historic times.
Assuntos
Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Vitis/genética , Alelos , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Cloroplastos/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultura , DNA/química , Frequência do Gene , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Haplótipos , Hibridização Genética , Hibridização In Situ , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Filogenia , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Pólen/química , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo Genético , TunísiaRESUMO
We have analyzed double mutants that combine late-flowering mutations at four flowering-time loci (FVE, FPA, FWA, and FT) with mutations at the LEAFY (LFY), APETALA1 (AP1), and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) loci involved in the floral initiation process (FLIP). Double mutants between ft-1 or fwa-1 and lfy-6 completely lack flowerlike structures, indicating that both FWA and FT act redundantly with LFY to control AP1. Moreover, the phenotypes of ft-1 ap1-1 and fwa-1 ap1-1 double mutants are reminiscent of the phenotype of ap1-1 cal-1 double mutants, suggesting that FWA and FT could also be involved in the control of other FLIP genes. Such extreme phenotypes were not observed in double mutants between fve-2 or fpa-1 and lfy-6 ap1-1. Each of these showed a phenotype similar to that of ap1-1 or lfy-6 mutants grown under noninductive photoperiods, suggesting a redundant interaction with FLIP genes. Finally, the phenotype of double mutants combining the late-flowering mutations with tfl1-2 were also consistent with the different roles of flowering-time genes.