RESUMO
The efficiency of two white-rot fungi (WRF), Trametes versicolor and Ganoderma lucidum, to eliminate thirteen pharmaceutical pollutants with concomitant biodiesel production from the accumulating lipid content after treatment, was examined. The removal efficiency was studied using both individual and combined strains. The results of individual and combined strains showed a total removal (100%) of diclofenac (DCF), gemfibrozil (GFZ), ibuprofen (IBP), progesterone (PGT) and ranitidine (RNT). Lower removals were achieved for 4-acetamidoantipyrin (AAA), clofibric acid (ACF), atenolol (ATN), caffeine (CFN), carbamazepine (CZP), hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulpiride (SPD), although the combination of both strains enhanced the system's efficiency, with removals ranging from 15 to 41%. This increase of the removal efficiency when combining both strains was attributed to the interactions developed between them (i.e., competition). Results from enzymatic and cytochrome P450 examination suggested that both extracellular (laccase, MnP, LiP) and intracellular oxidation mechanisms participate in the biological removal of pharmaceuticals. On the other hand, the "green" potential of the fungal sludge generated during the biological removal process was assessed for biodiesel production by means of one-step direct (in-situ) transformation. This process consists of the simultaneous extraction and conversion of lipids contained in the sludge by catalytic esterification/transesterification using a robust acid heterogeneous Zr-SBA-15 catalyst. This catalytic system provided conversions close to 80% of the saponifiable fraction (including free fatty acids and glycerides) in the presence of high amount of impurities. The overall weight FAME yield, based on the initial dried mass, was close to 30% for both strains.
Assuntos
Biocombustíveis/microbiologia , Fungos/metabolismo , Preparações Farmacêuticas/metabolismo , Microbiologia da Água , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Biomassa , Humanos , Purificação da Água/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: There is a growing need for scientific studies and tools that allow the evaluation of the effects at an affective level of some non-pharmacological therapies for people with dementia such as the creative therapeutic dance. AIMS: To explore the validity and reliability of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) in people with dementia and to analyse the possible differences in the scores of the participants before and after sessions of creative therapeutic dance. PATIENTS AND METHODS: POMS was administered to 36 people with dementia before and after four group sessions of creative therapeutic dance. To verify the construct validity, PANAS and STAXI-2 were also administered. RESULTS: The POMS presented a good internal consistency for each factor and an excellent one for the total scale. The temporal stability was medium-high. Convergent validity results support construct validity. After the creative therapeutic dance sessions, POMS factors tension, depression and confusion were reduced, while vigour increased significantly. There was no effect on fatigue and anger. CONCLUSIONS: The validity and reliability of POMS have been demonstrated in a population with dementia. Creative therapeutic dance can offer emotional benefits for people with dementia.
TITLE: Propiedades psicometricas del Profile of Mood States (POMS) en personas con demencia y su aplicacion en la evaluacion de los efectos de la danza creativa terapeutica.Introduccion. Existe una creciente necesidad de estudios cientificos e instrumentos que permitan evaluar los efectos en el plano afectivo de algunas terapias no farmacologicas para personas con demencia, como la danza creativa terapeutica. Objetivos. Determinar la validez y fiabilidad del Profile of Mood States (POMS) en personas con demencia y analizar las posibles diferencias en las puntuaciones de los participantes antes y despues de sesiones de danza creativa terapeutica. Pacientes y metodos. El POMS se administro a 36 personas con demencia antes y despues de cuatro sesiones grupales de danza creativa terapeutica. Para comprobar la validez de constructo se administraron dos cuestionarios autoinformados (PANAS y STAXI-2). Resultados. El POMS presento una buena consistencia interna para cada factor y excelente para la escala total. La estabilidad temporal fue media-alta. Los resultados de validez convergente apoyan la validez de constructo. Despues de las sesiones de danza creativa terapeutica, los factores tension, depresion y confusion del POMS se redujeron, mientras que el factor vigor aumento significativamente. No hubo ningun efecto sobre la fatiga y la colera. Conclusiones. Se ha demostrado la validez y fiabilidad del POMS en una poblacion con demencia. La danza creativa terapeutica puede ofrecer beneficios emocionales para personas con demencia.