The prevalence of squamous cell carcinoma in different sites of oral cavity at our Rural Health Care Centre in Loni, Maharashtra - a retrospective 10-year study.

AIM OF THE STUDY: Oral cancer ranks in the top three of all cancers in India and is quickly becoming a global health priority. More than 90% of oral and oropharyngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to document its incidence depending upon the involvement of different sites of oral cavity, and its variation with age and gender. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Histopathologically proven oral squamous cell carcinoma cases were collected from the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery RDC, PIMS. The cases were systematically grouped under three headings: anatomical sub-site of oral cavity, age group, and gender, which were analysed to calculate the prevalence of oral cancer. The study was undertaken after obtaining approval from the institutional Ethical Committee board. RESULTS: Among the different sites of oral cavity, the highest incidence (31.47%) of oral squamous cell carcinoma was seen for buccal mucosa in our study. The most affected age group (39.50%) were patients above 50 years old, predominantly involving males. CONCLUSIONS: The population in this study were mostly from remote areas, among which a high rate of occurrence of oral cancer was encountered because the people were of low socio-economic class, had a casual attitude towards their health, high rate of tobacco consumption, and limited health care facilities. This study provides valuable data of the prevalence of oral cancer among the rural population.

Evaluation of treatment outcome amongst two different treatment modalities for reconstruction of carcinoma of tongue patients: The infrahyoid myocutaneous flap versus radial forearm flap.

Introduction: Oral cancer is one of the most common cancers not only in India but also in South Asia. Treatment of oral cancer is not only limited to cure but also requires good reconstruction of the surgical defects for a better quality of the life. There are many well-proven options for reconstruction purposes for the defects of the oral cavity including local regional flaps to microvascular-free flaps. After resections of mobile parts of the tongue (up to 50%) speech and swallowing are impaired significantly, however, even after sophisticated plastic reconstruction, serious swallowing and speech problems persist. Material and Methods: The pilot study was carried out after the allocation of fourteen patients with carcinoma of the tongue into two treatment test groups; the Radial forearm flap (RFF) and Infrahyoid neuromuscular flap (IHF) group to evaluate and compare the treatment outcome for reconstruction using two different treatment modalities. The pilot study was carried out after the allocation of fourteen patients with carcinoma of the tongue into two treatment test groups. the clinical parameters likewise swallowing reflex, speech analysis, donor site complication, time taken for the surgery, and cost-effectiveness of the flap was evaluated using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows software, 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA). The data were numerically coded and entered into the program. Both the descriptive statistics and the inferential statistics involving one-way ANOVA and Tukey's Post Hoc test were analyzed to compare both intergroup and intragroup comparisons at different time intervals. Results: The swallowing and aspiration analysis showed a highly statistically significant difference at 3 months and 6 months by Post Hoc test between the groups. The speech analysis scores at all intervals were not statistically significant while for tongue movements the results were significant. The time taken and expenditure for surgery by IHF were less in comparison to RFF. Conclusion: The infrahyoid flap is a quick, easy, and reliable reconstructive method, which is cost-effective when used with knowledge of its clinical utility and limitations, the functional results are excellent with great patient satisfaction.

Study of myths and beliefs among the parents of a child with cleft lip and palate.

Aim: The aim of the study was the identification of predictors of psychology and beliefs among parents of children affected by cleft lip and cleft palate. Methods: The study included a sample of 157 parents of children having cleft lips and cleft palates. Parents were given a questionnaire related to their beliefs and reasons behind deformity. Results: Out of 157 participants, 90 were fathers, and 67 were mothers. The children with deformities included 105 boys and 52 girls. The majority of parents (43) believed that the eclipse was one of the reasons for the deformity and the other was God's wrath for the mother's sins. The time of birth was considered a factor for cleft lip and palate by 27 parents. The study revealed that the self-esteem of fathers was higher than mothers and they were more concerned of being undesirably judged by others due to deformity of their children than the mothers. Conclusion: It can be inferred that the parents of a child with cleft lip and palate differ in their psychosocial adjustments. Also, mothers experience more psychosocial problems than fathers. The superstitious beliefs still prevail in rural areas despite advanced medical facilities and awareness.

Cognizance, adverse effects and motivation regarding COVID-19 vaccination amongst health care professionals: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are currently at the forefront of India's fight against the pandemic. They have been shown to prevent the disease or reduce its severity, following 2 doses given at an interval of 6-8 weeks. OBJECTIVES: The present cross-sectional survey was carried out on 1,145 health care practitioners in order to recognize and evaluate the adverse effects of vaccination as well as knowledge, motivation and attitudes with regard to vaccines amongst the respondents after the 1st dose of vaccination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An anonymous survey was carried out among different age and gender groups in the medical colleges situated in the state of Maharashtra, India. The participants' responses were collected with the use of the Google Forms platform through sending a URL link to the questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was pilot-tested and the obtained Cronbach's alpha value was 0.80. Amongst the 1,145 participants, 92.2% of the respondents received COVISHIELD™ and 7.8% received COVAXIN®. The subjects were further scrutinized in 4 different age groups:18-27 years (73.0%); 28-37 years (14.8%); 38-47 years (9.6%); and above 47 years (2.5%). RESULTS: Adverse effects were common in the age group of 18-27 years and were observed significantly more frequently in females than males. A very common symptom was pain at the site of injection with an occurrence of 85.2%. Fever was present in 62.6% of the respondents, with 39.1% having low-grade fever and very few having high-grade fever. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge about adverse effects and what to expect after vaccination would help to educate people, dispel misinformation and reduce vaccination hesitancy. It can also help to promote awareness about the incidence of adverse effects and the safety of COVID-19 vaccines.

Lipoxins in inflammation.

Lipoxins and ATL appear to be the first recognized members of a new class of endogenous mediator that are anti-inflammatory or serve for the "pro-resolution" of inflammation. PGE2 can and may display anti-inflammatory properties in certain settings, but in most cases, it enhances inflammation in vivo. This is likely the result of numerous receptor isoforms and differential coupled mechanisms for PGE2 and its diverse role in human physiology. Since the integrated response of the host is essential to health and disease, it is important to achieve a more complete understanding of the molecular and cellular events governing the formation and actions of endogenous mediators of resolution that appear to control the magnitude and duration of inflammation. In view of the present body of evidence, it is not surprising that a protective action for inhibition of COX-2 was found in cardiovascular disease. Characterizing useful experimental systems with clinically relevant endpoints will also take a multidisciplinary approach and require a shift in our current thinking about inflammation and the role of lipid mediators.

Aesthetic root coverage with acellular dermal matrix allograft: a shield for gingival recession.

Awareness about root coverage is increasing in day-to-day clinical practice. Patients are more motivated and concerned about aesthetics nowadays along with the issues of sensitivity of teeth. The conventional flap designs and techniques including lateral sliding flaps, coronally advanced flap, subepithelial connective tissue grafts and free gingival grafts are being adopted for root coverage. The newer material including resorbable and non-resorbable guided tissue regenerative membranes, amniotic membrane, platelet-rich fibrin membrane, enamel matrix derivative protein, xenogenic collagen matrix graft along with the soft tissue substitute like acellular dermal matrix allograft are also being used for recession coverage. The present case report describes a case of 22-year-old female patient with the chief complaint of denudation of gums exposing the root surface over the mandibular left central incisor. The soft tissue substitute acellular dermal matrix allograft was used for root coverage as the patient was not willing to procure an autogenous palatal graft. The results were satisfactory with complete root coverage.

Novel technique for esthetic root coverage with titanium prepared platelet-rich fibrin.

Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) can be defined as an autologous leukocyte and platelet-rich biomaterial. Unlike other platelet-rich products, this technique does not require an anticoagulant or bovine thrombin. However, it is simply centrifuged blood without any additives, which makes it possible to avoid all of the legal restrictions related to the reimplantation of blood-derived products. L-PRF is composed of a fibrin matrix polymerized in a tetramolecular structure and is involved in the joining of platelets, leukocytes, cytokines, and circulating stem cells. The use of silica- coated test tubes is arising a lot of queries about the safety of L-PRF prepared within these test tubes. So, to avoid the use of silicacoated test tubes, titanium prepared PRF has come in practice now, as titanium is biocompatible metal and has property of histoconduction. The present case report is about successful esthetic root coverage around mandibular anterior teeth with clinical attachment loss of 4-5 mm at baseline. The patient had reduced sensitivity, CAL was 1 mm, and attached gingiva covered denuded root surface after 15 days and after 3-month recall appointment.

Catheterization of post infection parotid duct sialocele with paediatric Ryles tube: A case report.

Sialocele is a cavity filled with saliva, usually as a result of trauma, complication of surgery, sialolithiasis or bacterial infection residing inside the duct. Many cases of parotid sialocele have been reported in the literature, but only very few cases of parotid duct sialocele have been reported. We report a case of an unusual facial swelling over buccal mucosa at the route of Stenson's duct with poor oral hygiene, a case of parotid duct sialocele with secondary infection and describe its diagnosis and management.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of maxillary alveolar ridge extending to the hard palate.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma occurring in adults. This entity was first described by O'Brian and Stout in 1964. Apart from the soft-tissues, this tumor has been reported to occur in all other parts of the body including bone. It has male predilection and is usually noticed in the fifth to seventh decades of life. It commonly affects extremities and retroperitoneum, whereas involvement of the head and neck region is comparatively rare. However, when the head and neck region is affected, the most common sites are the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity, in which case, later involvement of the maxillary alveolar bone can happen. The oral cavity is a relatively less common site for MFH. This article describes clinical, computed tomographic and microscopic features of a MFH of the maxillary alveolar ridge extending to the hard palate in a 46-year-old female patient. Histogenesis, advanced imaging features, differential diagnosis, and management of MFH are also discussed.

Three-rooted mandibular first molar: A consideration in periodontal therapy.

A deep understanding of the relationship between root morphology and periodontal destruction is crucial to successful periodontal care. Most mandibular molars have two roots (one mesial and the other distal) and three canals. The major variant of this tooth type is the presence of an additional third root distally or mesially or a supernumerary lingual root. This article presents a case report of a 14-year-old girl with mandibular first molar having three roots bilaterally which is contributing to the periodontal destruction. There were three walled defect distal to first molar with Grade II furcation involvement distally. Regenerative surgeries were performed and patient was kept under maintenance. The relationship between additional third root and periodontal destruction seldom has been described clearly. This paper has been presented in 34(th) national conference at Dharwad.