RESUMO
Diabetes poses a significant threat to public health. In the last 30 years, the worldwide incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased drastically among adolescents. Since the number of young people with T2DM is rising, it is anticipated that early-onset T2DM will become a common characteristic of the diabetes population in developed and developing nations. Current evidence suggests that ß-cell function declines more rapidly in early-onset T2DM than in older-onset T2DM. In addition, early-onset T2DM appears to be associated with a greater risk of complications, comorbidities and mortality than type 1 diabetes mellitus. A stressful lifestyle, a shifted dietary habit and a lack of physical activity are cited as causes of early-onset T2DM. Early-onset T2DM is, therefore, an urgent public health concern requiring early prevention, efficient screening and prompt intervention. This article discusses the recent literature on the incidence, mortality, morbidity and risk variables of early-onset T2DM, and the current priorities and prospective directions.
RESUMO
Stroke is a neurological condition attributable to vascular injury (e.g., infarction, hemorrhage) of the central nervous system. Globally, it ranks high among the leading causes of death. The poor stroke management system in Bangladesh is contributing to the country's rapid rise in stroke incidence. Stroke-related mortality and disability can be decreased by being aware of and taking steps to address potential risk factors. The population in this area has a generally poor understanding of strokes. Important avenues for preventing stroke in this population may include an effective public awareness campaign which includes spreading knowledge regarding early signs of stroke (facial drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulties, and time), the golden hour of stroke, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the development of structured emergency medical care, appropriate rehabilitation, control of blood pressure and blood glucose, and cessation of smoking.