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1.
Horm Behav ; 140: 105126, 2022 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35123106

RESUMO

Intranasal oxytocin (IN OXT) administration has been proposed as a pharmacological treatment for a range of biomedical conditions including neurodevelopmental disorders. However, studies evaluating the potential long-lasting effects of chronic IN OXT during development are still scarce. Here we conducted a follow-up study of a cohort of adult titi monkeys that received intranasal oxytocin 0.8 IU/kg (n = 15) or saline (n = 14) daily for six months during their juvenile period (12 to 18 months of age), with the goal of evaluating the potential long-lasting behavioral and neural effects one year post-treatment. Subjects were paired with an opposite-sex mate at 30 months of age (one year post-treatment). We examined pair affiliative behavior in the home cage during the first four months and tested for behavioral components of pair bonding at one week and four months post-pairing. We assessed long-term changes in brain glucose uptake using 18FDG positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Our results showed that OXT-treated animals were more affiliative across a number of measures, including tail twining, compared to SAL treated subjects (tail twining is considered the "highest" type of affiliation in titi monkeys). Neuroimaging showed no treatment differences in glucose uptake between SAL and OXT-treated animals; however, females showed higher glucose uptake in whole brain at 23 months, and in both the whole brain and the social salience network at 33 months of age compared to males. Our results suggest that chronic IN OXT administration during development can have long-term effects on adult social behavior.


Assuntos
Callicebus , Ocitocina , Administração Intranasal , Animais , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA , Feminino , Seguimentos , Glucose , Masculino , Ocitocina/farmacologia , Comportamento Social
2.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis ; 31(3): 961-971, 2021 03 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33546948

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The objectives were to evaluate the relationship between ketogenic diets, the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), parameters known to increase risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in both sexes, using a pre-clinical model of obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Rats had access to a diet high in fat and sugar (HFS) for 12 weeks. After HFS, they switched to chow (HFS-CH) or ketogenic diet (HFS-KD) for 3 weeks to model a dietary intervention. Body weight, adiposity, and food intake were measured. Glucose tolerance and corticosterone response to stress were measured after HFS, then again after the intervention. Both sexes increased body weight, food intake, and adiposity compared to control (CTL) while on HFS. HFS females showed impaired glucose tolerance. HFS males developed a dampened corticosterone to stress, whereas HFS females developed an exacerbated response. The effects of HFS on adiposity and corticosterone were reversed in HFS-CH males. These same improvements were observed in HFS-CH females, although they still had impaired glucose tolerance. HFS-KD males showed some improvements, however, they still had higher body weight and adiposity than CTL. The same pattern was observed in females. These beneficial effects of KD correlated with plasma BHB levels in females but not in males. CONCLUSIONS: These data model effects reported in clinical literature and serve as a valuable translational tool to further test causal mechanisms that lead to desirable outcomes of KD. These sex-specific relationships are important, as KD could potentially affect endocrine mechanisms differently in males and females.


Assuntos
Ácido 3-Hidroxibutírico/sangue , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Dieta Cetogênica , Açúcares da Dieta , Intolerância à Glucose/dietoterapia , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Adiposidade , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/metabolismo , Corticosterona/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ingestão de Alimentos , Feminino , Intolerância à Glucose/sangue , Intolerância à Glucose/etiologia , Intolerância à Glucose/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/etiologia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de Tempo , Aumento de Peso
3.
Physiol Behav ; 212: 112654, 2019 12 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31430441

RESUMO

Ketogenic diets (KDs) are high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets that have been used therapeutically for decades, most notably for the treatment of epilepsy and diabetes. Recent data, however, suggest that KD may impart protective effects on mood disorders. The current experiments test the hypothesis that KDs can protect from stress-induced symptoms of mood disorders. To test this, we assessed behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of KD in male and female Long Evans rats. Animals experienced three weeks of chronic mild stress (CMS) while consuming KD or control chow (CH). Body weight and food intake data were recorded daily and behaviors were assayed after three weeks. Plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate (ßHB), corticosterone (CORT) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß) were measured after behavioral testing, along with hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA expression. CMS induced weight loss in the CH groups, however the KD-fed rats were resistant to CMS-induced weight loss. Female rats fed KD were protected from CMS-induced reductions in plasma CORT and hypothalamic NPY expression. Collectively, these data suggest protective potential of KDs against chronic stress, particularly in females.


Assuntos
Dieta Cetogênica , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Redução de Peso/fisiologia , Ácido 3-Hidroxibutírico/sangue , Animais , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Peso Corporal , Corticosterona/sangue , Hormônio Liberador da Corticotropina/biossíntese , Ingestão de Alimentos , Feminino , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Masculino , Neuropeptídeo Y/biossíntese , Ratos , Ratos Long-Evans , Caracteres Sexuais , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo
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