Frequency, Intensity, and Partner of Exercise Habit Is Inversely Associated with Functional Dyspepsia in Young Japanese Population.

BACKGROUND: Functional dyspepsia (FD) has a high prevalence worldwide and reduces patients' quality of life. The etiology of FD is likely multifactorial. Although two studies showed an inverse association between exercise habits and FD, evidence regarding the association between exercise habits and FD remains scarce. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the association between exercise habits and FD among the young Japanese population, taking the presence or absence of an exercise partner as an additional variable. METHODS: The study subjects consisted of 8923 Japanese university students. The definition of FD was based on the Rome III criteria. Information on exercise frequency, exercise intensity, and exercise partners was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of FD was 1.9% in this cohort. Low, moderate, and high frequency of exercise was independently inversely associated with FD (adjusted odds ratio [OR] was low: OR 0.69 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47-0.997], moderate: OR 0.53 [95% CI 0.34-0.81] and high: OR 0.53 [95% CI 0.30-0.88], p for trend p = 0.002). Moderate and high intensity of exercise was independently inversely associated with FD (moderate: OR 0.56 [95% CI 0.36-0.84] and high: OR 0.49 [95% CI 0.30-0.76], p for trend p = 0.001). Exercise with groups and with friends was independently inversely associated with FD whereas the association between exercising alone and FD was not significant (groups: OR 0.28 [95% CI 0.14-0.50] and friends: OR 0.44 [95% CI 0.24-0.74]). CONCLUSION: Among the young Japanese population, frequency and intensity of exercise may be independently inversely associated with FD. Additionally, exercise with groups and with friends but not by oneself was inversely associated with exercise and FD, respectively.

Positive Association Between Sleep Disturbance and Prevalence of Functional Dyspepsia in Japanese Young People.

BACKGROUND: Evidence regarding the association between sleep disturbance and functional dyspepsia (FD) remains limited in the young population. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the association between sleep disturbance and FD including subgroups among Japanese young people. METHODS: Study subjects were 8923 university students. FD was defined according to the Rome III criteria. Subjects with FD were further categorized as having postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) or epigastric pain syndrome (EPS). Subjects completed a self-reported questionnaire assessing self-reported sleep duration, sleep disturbance, difficulty falling asleep, deep sleep disorder, nocturnal awakening, early awakening, and daytime sleepiness. RESULTS: The prevalence of FD was 1.9%. After adjustment, all types of sleep disturbances were independently positively associated with FD (total sleep disturbance: OR 4.11 [95% CI: 2.89-5.78], difficulty falling asleep: OR 3.97 [95% CI: 2.53-6.01], deep sleep disorder: OR 4.85 [95% CI: 3.06-7.40], nocturnal awakening: OR 4.35 [95% CI: 1.90-8.67], early awakening: OR 4.50 [95% CI: 1.97-8.97], and daytime sleepiness: OR 2.83 [95% CI: 1.25-5.56]). While nocturnal awakening and daytime sleepiness were not associated with EPS, the other types of sleep disturbance were independently positively associated with EPS and PDS. No association between self-reported sleep duration and FD was found. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep disturbance may be independently positively associated with the prevalence of FD among Japanese young people. Nocturnal awakening and daytime sleepiness were not associated with EPS; the other types of sleep disturbance were independently positively associated with EPS and PDS.

Association Between Eating Behavior, Frequency of Meals, and Functional Dyspepsia in Young Japanese Population.

Background/Aims: Functional dyspepsia (FD) may be a common digestive disease worldwide and reduces the quality of life of patients. However, only a few studies have investigated the association between eating behavior and FD. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to examine the association between eating behavior and prevalence of FD in a young Japanese cohort. Methods: In this study, we enrolled 8923 Japanese university students. FD is diagnosed based on the Rome III criteria. Eating habits and frequency of meals were investigated using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The FD subjects had a younger mean age, a lower body mass index, and a lower proportion of men compared to the non-FD subjects. An independent positive association between skipping breakfast and/or lunch and FD was found (adjusted ORs were 1.60 [95% CI, 1.10-2.32] for breakfast and 2.52 [95% CI, 1.04-5.18] for lunch). Skipping dinner, extra meals (snacks) or midnight snacks was not associated with FD. The prevalence of FD in subjects eating 1, 2, and 3 meals per day was 4.8%, 2.2%, and 1.7%, respectively. The frequency of meals was independently inversely associated with prevalence of FD (adjusted ORs were 1 per day: 2.72 [95% CI, 1.19-5.42], and 2 per day: 1.69 [95% CI, 1.16-2.43], P for trend = 0.001). Conclusions: In the young Japanese people, the frequency of meals may be independently inversely associated with prevalence of FD. In particular, skipping breakfast and/or lunch was associated with the prevalence of FD.

Association between menstrual pain and functional dyspepsia in a Japanese young population.

BACKGROUND: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a very common disease worldwide. Dysmenorrhea impairs quality of life among females of reproductive age. Although dysmenorrhea is associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), no study has yet evaluated the association between dysmenorrhea and FD. METHODS: This study's subjects consisted of 4693 female Japanese university students. We defined FD according to the Rome III criteria. Subjects completed a self-reported questionnaire regarding menstrual irregularity, menstrual pain, and medication for menstrual pain. Age, body mass index, drinking, smoking, exercise habit, anemia, and first-year student status were selected as potential confounding factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of FD, epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), and postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) was 2.5%, 0.6%, and 2.1%, respectively. Heavy menstrual pain was independently positively associated with FD and PDS but not EPS (adjusted ORs: FD, 3.18 [95% CI: 1.60-6.89] and PDS, 2.93 [95% CI: 1.56-7.93] for heavy menstrual pain, p for trend = 0.001 and 0.004, respectively). Using medication for menstrual pain often was independently positively associated with FD, EPS, and PDS, respectively, (adjusted ORs: FD, 2.41 [95% CI: 1.50-3.83], EPS, 2.93 [95% CI: 1.04-7.93], PDS, 2.44 [95% CI: 1.46-4.01]). Irregular menstrual cycle was not associated with FD or with subtype of FD. CONCLUSION: Among the young female Japanese population, menstrual pain might be independently positively associated with FD and PDS but not EPS. The use of medication for menstrual pain might be independently positively associated with FD including subtype of FD.