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ObjectivesãThis study aimed to identify and understand the challenges faced by public school teachers regarding issues related to Internet gaming.MethodsãAn electronic questionnaire was administered to 400 public school teachers in the Saitama Prefecture from September to November 2021. A total of 352 valid responses were obtained. The survey content included teachers' knowledge of gaming disorders, whether their students experienced gaming-related problems, difficulties perceived by teachers, how they discovered the problems, how they dealt with them, the challenges they faced in dealing with the problems, and desired support. Data were analyzed based on the teachers' roles, responsibilities, type of school, and knowledge of gaming difficulties. Fisher's exact probability tests were used to determine significance, and adjusted standardized residuals were used to assess the differences between groups.ResultsãNearly 63.1% of the teachers already had knowledge of gaming disorders, and 49.4% acknowledged the existence of students with gaming problems. The most common reasons for discovering problems were disrupted daily rhythm (51.7%) and increased tardiness and early dismissal (34.7%). The main actions taken to address gaming problems were "consultation and information sharing with families" (48.6%) and "individual guidance by teachers" (34.1%). Approximately half of the teachers indicated that they regularly experienced difficulties in activities related to prevention, early detection, student support, and interaction with parents. Specific challenges included limited guidance and involvement with families (61.4%) and the inability to intervene and provide effective support (62.5%). Teachers' support included programs for addiction recovery (56.8%), awareness programs for parents (56.0%), and staff training to increase the understanding of gaming disorders (50.5%). The responses varied according to teacher role and school type, indicating that implementation rates and difficulties were higher in middle schools.ConclusionãWe found that teachers tended to view internet gaming problems as family problems and provide complementary support for home education. Teachers also found it difficult to deal with students with gaming problems. Depending on the teacher's role in the school and the type of school, requests for support varied. Elementary and special-needs schools needed teaching materials that could be used for classroom and school-wide instruction and guidance for concerned students and their parents; junior high schools needed a consultation system with school counselors and other professionals and cooperation with healthcare; and high schools needed measures and support, including social support.
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Advances in "omics" technology have made it possible to study a wide range of cellular phenomena at the single-cell level. Recently, we developed single-cell DNA replication sequencing (scRepli-seq) that measures replication timing (RT) by copy number differences between replicated and unreplicated genomic DNA in replicating single mammalian cells. This method has been used to reveal previously unrecognized static and dynamic natures of several hundred kilobases to a few megabases-scale chromosomal units called RT domains. Because RT domains are highly correlated to A/B compartments detected by Hi-C, scRepli-seq data can be used to predict the 3D organization of the genome in the nuclear space. scRepli-seq, which essentially measures the copy number, can also be applied to study genome instability.
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Período de Replicação do DNA , DNA , Animais , Humanos , DNA/genética , Replicação do DNA/genética , Genoma , Instabilidade Genômica , Mamíferos/genéticaRESUMO
L-Asparaginase (L-Asp) is often used to induce remission in feline large-cell gastrointestinal lymphoma (LCGIL). However, no study has evaluated the efficacy and adverse events following the initial use of this drug as a first-line treatment in feline LCGIL. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of cats with LCGIL treated with L-Asp to induce remission. This study included 43 cats. The response rate (RR) after the first administration of L-Asp was 37.2% (Complete remission: 7.0%, partial remission: 30.2%). RR was significantly higher in cases with primary gastric lesions (64.3%) than in those with primary intestinal lesions (24.1%) (P=0.018), and it was also higher in cases without anemia (57.1%) than those with anemia (15.0%) (P=0.009). The most common adverse event was hyperammonemia, which occurred in 10 of 12 cases where we could compare plasma ammonia concentrations before and after the first dose of L-Asp. Plasma phosphate concentrations were also significantly increased (P<0.001) within 24 hr after the first dose. Decreased appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea were also observed in five, three, and seven cases, respectively, and Grade 3 or higher gastrointestinal signs were observed as adverse events in three cases. The median overall survival of all cats was 150 days (range, 5-1,065 days), and the median progression-free survival was 104 days (range, 2-978 days). In conclusion, L-Asp was effective to induce remission, and severe adverse events were uncommon in feline LCGIL.
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Antineoplásicos , Asparaginase , Doenças do Gato , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais , Gatos , Animais , Asparaginase/efeitos adversos , Asparaginase/administração & dosagem , Asparaginase/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Gato/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Gato/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/veterinária , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Linfoma/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma/veterinária , Indução de RemissãoRESUMO
Canine gastrointestinal lymphoma is known to be of T-cell origin in most cases, but the molecular biological aberrations have not been clarified. In human intestinal T-cell lymphoma, the mutations in the genes associated with Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway have been frequently observed. In this study, the gene mutations were investigated in 31 dogs with large cell gastrointestinal lymphoma (LCGIL) by focusing on the genes involved in JAK-STAT pathway. Next-generation sequencing analysis to examine the mutations in STAT3, STAT5B, and JAK1 genes throughout the exon regions revealed the mutations in STAT3 gene in two dogs and JAK1 gene in one dog. In conclusion, this study could not indicate the associations of gene mutations in JAK-STAT pathway with LCGIL in most canine cases.
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The novel domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH), a member of the Hepadnaviridae, was first detected in Australia and has recently been identified in more countries. In this study, we explored the DCH genome using next-generation sequencing of a plasma sample from a cat with a fever of unknown cause. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed the virus to be relatively genetically distant from the first reported DCH in Australia, showing 89% homology. Then we conducted an epidemiological survey by PCR of plasma samples collected from 203 cats that visited a veterinary hospital for diagnosis and treatment. Two of the 203 surveyed cats a were positive for DCH. One of the two positive cases had elevated liver enzymes of unknown etiology, and the other had hepatocellular adenoma. Our study indicated that DCH infection was observed in domestic cats in the Tokyo area of Japan as well as other reported areas in the world. Further investigations are needed to define the clinical importance of DCH.
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Doenças do Gato , Hepadnaviridae , Animais , Gatos , Japão/epidemiologia , Hepadnaviridae/genética , Tóquio , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms are a rare type of visceral artery aneurysm, whose rupture is associated with high mortality. These aneurysms are of particular interest because local haemodynamic change caused by coeliac artery obstruction plays an important role in their development. However, the pathophysiological mechanism of coeliac artery obstruction is not completely understood. Pressure from the median arcuate ligament is most frequently reported cause. Although it is well-known that stenosis or occlusion of the visceral vessels may be caused by aortic syndrome, reports of pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm associated with coeliac artery occlusion due to aortic syndrome are extremely rare. Our case indicates a new aetiology for a pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm and demonstrates the rapid deterioration of the patient affected.
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Aneurisma Roto/etiologia , Doenças da Aorta/complicações , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/etiologia , Artéria Celíaca , Duodeno/irrigação sanguínea , Hematoma/complicações , Pâncreas/irrigação sanguínea , Aneurisma Roto/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Roto/terapia , Doenças da Aorta/diagnóstico por imagem , Aortografia/métodos , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Celíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Constrição Patológica , Embolização Terapêutica , Hematoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Peginterferon is a key drug used to treat chronic viral hepatitis that is known for causing various side effects. Side effects occurring immediately after administration include headache, nausea, and influenza-like symptoms, such as fever and joint pain. However, reports of anaphylactic shock are extremely rare. Here we report a patient with protracted anaphylaxis who suffered shock symptoms after peginterferon α-2a administration for chronic hepatitis C. Although the patient improved temporarily with shock treatment, symptoms of anaphylaxis recurred. As peginterferon is often administered on an outpatient basis, it is important to recognize life-threatening side effects that may develop in a protracted manner.
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Anafilaxia/induzido quimicamente , Antivirais/efeitos adversos , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/etiologia , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Interferon-alfa/efeitos adversos , Polietilenoglicóis/efeitos adversos , Anafilaxia/diagnóstico , Anafilaxia/terapia , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/terapia , Hepatite C Crônica/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Recombinantes/efeitos adversos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Coincident with the expanding population of aged people, the incidence of Alzheimer disease (AD) is rapidly increasing in most advanced countries. At present, no effective prophylactics are available. Among several pathological mechanisms proposed for AD, the "amyloid hypothesis" has been most widely accepted, in which accumulation or deposition of Aß is considered to be the initial event. Thus, prevention of Aß production would be an ideal strategy for the treatment or prevention of AD. Aß is produced via the proteolytic cleavage of its precursor protein, APP (amyloid precursor protein), by two different enzymes, ß and γ-secretases. Indeed, inhibitors against either or both enzymes have been developed and tested for clinical efficacy. Based on the "amyloid hypothesis", we developed a luciferase-based screening method to monitor γ-secretase activity, screened more than 1,600 plant extracts, most of which have long been used in Chinese medicine, and observed that Hop extracts significantly inhibit Aß production in cultured cells. A major component of the inhibitory activity was purified, and its chemical identity was determined by NMR to be Garcinielliptone HC. In vivo, oral administration of Hop extracts to AD model mice decreased Aß depositions in the cerebral cortex of the parietal lobe, hippocampus, and artery walls (amyloid angiopathy) in the brains. In a Morris water maze test, AD model mice that had daily consumed Hop extracts in their drinking water showed significant mitigation of memory impairment at ages of 9 and 12 months. Moreover, in the open field test oral administration of Hop extracts also prevented an emotional disturbance that appeared in the AD mice at 18 months. Despite lifelong consumption of Hop extracts, no deleterious side effects were observed at any age. These results support the "amyloid hypothesis", and indicate that Hop extract is a promising candidate for an effective prophylactic for AD.
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Doença de Alzheimer/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Sesterterpenos/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Doença de Alzheimer/psicologia , Secretases da Proteína Precursora do Amiloide/antagonistas & inibidores , Secretases da Proteína Precursora do Amiloide/metabolismo , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Animais , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Humulus/química , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Fenótipo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Sesterterpenos/química , Sesterterpenos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
DJ-1 is a protein that is associated with Parkinson disease and cancer, and the reduction of DJ-1 function and expression is also thought to be a cause of diabetes and hypertension. However, little is known about the association between the plasma concentration of DJ-1 and risk of metabolic syndrome. We hypothesized that a lifestyle intervention would increase serum DJ-1 and that up-regulated DJ-1 functions will result in the prevention of metabolic syndrome. The objective of our study is to examine whether the level of serum DJ-1 is associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, to reveal the association between DJ-1 and metabolic syndrome, this study investigated lifestyle intervention in a control group (n = 37) and intervention group (n = 45). The results showed that body mass index, body fat ratio, waist-hip ratio, waist circumference, blood pressure, and plasma glucose level were improved in the intervention group, as compared with those in the control group. Furthermore, serum levels of DJ-1 were increased in the intervention group, when compared with those in the control group. These results suggest that serum DJ-1 is increased by lifestyle intervention and that increased serum DJ-1 prevents metabolic syndrome. Thus, the level of serum DJ-1 will become one of the indexes for the risk of metabolic syndrome.
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Dieta , Exercício Físico , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/sangue , Estilo de Vida , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Proteínas Oncogênicas/sangue , Tecido Adiposo , Idoso , Povo Asiático , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea , Tamanho Corporal , Diabetes Mellitus/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Síndrome Metabólica/etiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/prevenção & controle , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/terapia , Proteína Desglicase DJ-1RESUMO
Phospholipase D (PLD), which produces the lipid messenger phosphatidic acid (PA), has been implicated in superoxide generation and degranulation in neutrophils. The basis for this conclusion is the observation that primary alcohols, which interfere with PLD-catalyzed PA production, inhibit these neutrophil functions. However, off-target effects of primary alcohols cannot be totally excluded. Here, we generated PLD(-/-) mice in order to reevaluate the involvement of PLD in and investigate the molecular mechanisms of these neutrophil functions. Surprisingly, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) induced these functions in PLD(-/-) neutrophils, and these functions were suppressed by ethanol. These results indicate that PLD is dispensable for these neutrophil functions and that ethanol nonspecifically inhibits them, warning against the use of primary alcohols as specific inhibitors of PLD-mediated PA formation. The calcium ionophore ionomycin and the membrane-permeative compound 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OADG) synergistically induced superoxide generation. On the other hand, ionomycin alone induced degranulation, which was further augmented by OADG. These results demonstrate that conventional protein kinase C (cPKC) is crucial for superoxide generation, and a Ca(2+)-dependent signaling pathway(s) and cPKC are involved in degranulation in mouse neutrophils.
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Degranulação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , N-Formilmetionina Leucil-Fenilalanina/farmacologia , Neutrófilos/enzimologia , Fosfolipase D/metabolismo , Superóxidos/metabolismo , Animais , Sinalização do Cálcio , Diglicerídeos/farmacologia , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Ativação Enzimática , Etanol/farmacologia , Ionomicina/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Ácidos Fosfatídicos/metabolismo , Fosfolipase D/genética , Proteína Quinase C/metabolismoRESUMO
The cryosensitivity of mammalian embryos depends on the stage of development. Because permeability to water and cryoprotectants plays an important role in cryopreservation, it is plausible that the permeability is involved in the difference in the tolerance to cryopreservation among embryos at different developmental stages. In this study, we examined the permeability to water and glycerol of mouse oocytes and embryos, and tried to deduce the pathway for the movement of water and glycerol. The water permeability (L(P), microm min(-1) atm(-1)) of oocytes and four-cell embryos at 25 degrees C was low (0.63-0.70) and its Arrhenius activation energy (E(a), kcal/mol) was high (11.6-12.3), which implies that the water permeates through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion. On the other hand, the L(p) of morulae and blastocysts was quite high (3.6-4.5) and its E(a) was quite low (5.1-6.3), which implies that the water moves through water channels. Aquaporin inhibitors, phloretin and p-(chloromercuri) benzene-sulfonate, reduced the L(p) of morulae significantly but not that of oocytes. By immunocytochemical analysis, aquaporin 3, which transports not only water but also glycerol, was detected in the morulae but not in the oocytes. Accordingly, the glycerol permeability (P(GLY), x 10(-3) cm/min) of oocytes was also low (0.01) and its E(a) was remarkably high (41.6), whereas P(GLY) of morulae was quite high (4.63) and its E(a) was low (10.0). Aquaporin inhibitors reduced the P(GLY) of morulae significantly. In conclusion, water and glycerol appear to move across the plasma membrane mainly by simple diffusion in oocytes but by facilitated diffusion through water channel(s) including aquaporin 3 in morulae.