Mediastinal and Hilar Lymph Node Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma with Concomitant Lung Carcinoma: A Rare Case with Unique Diagnostic Challenges.

A 75-year-old man presented to our hospital 1 year after partial renal resection for clear cell carcinoma. A right lower lobe lung nodule noted at the time of surgery had increased to 3.0 cm in diameter and was confirmed as squamous cell lung carcinoma by bronchoscopic cytology. Computed tomography had also revealed paratracheal lymph node swelling. He underwent right lower lobectomy with lymph node dissection by video-assisted thoracic surgery. Pathological examination confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the lung but diagnosed the right hilar and mediastinal lymph node metastases as clear cell carcinoma.

Quality of life after partial lung resection with uniportal versus 3-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a prospective randomized controlled study.

PURPOSE: The effect of uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (uni-VATS) versus that of conventional VATS on postoperative quality of life (QOL) is unclear. This prospective randomized controlled study compared uni-VATS and conventional 3-port VATS in terms of QOL and patient satisfaction. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 84 patients with pulmonary nodules or bullous formation, randomized to undergo uniportal or conventional 3-port video-assisted thoracoscopic partial lung resection. The primary endpoint was postoperative pain, assessed using a numeric rating scale on postoperative day (POD) 1. RESULTS: No differences were found in the numeric rating scale on POD 1 after uni-VATS and conventional 3-port VATS. There were also no differences in blood loss, operative time, complication rate, surgical margin, analgesic requirement, vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), the 6-min walk test (6MWT), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, white blood cell count (WBC), or duration of chest tube drainage and hospital stay. Differences were found in the numeric rating scale on days 2, 3, 5, and 10 and in the patient satisfaction score on PODs 5 and 10. CONCLUSIONS: Uni-VATS is associated with less chest pain and better patient satisfaction in the short term but without differences in complication rates or surgical margins from the lesions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER: University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN000015340 http://www.umin.ac.jp/english/ ).

Duration of antimicrobial therapy after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for thoracic empyema and complicated parapneumonic effusion: A single-center study.

BACKGROUND: There are no evidence-based reports on the proper duration of antimicrobial therapy following video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery debridement (VATS-D) in thoracic empyema (TE) or complicated parapneumonic effusion (PPE). This study aimed to investigate the optimal duration of antimicrobial therapy after VATS-D. METHODS: Between January 2011 and December 2019, 33 patients corresponding to American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) category 3 or 4 undergoing VATS-D were included. The times until the body temperature (BT) was confirmed to be less than 37.5 °C and 37.0 °C, white blood cell count (WBC) less than 10,000/µl, segmented neutrophils (seg) less than 80%, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level less than 25% of the preoperative value were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The median time from the onset of TE/PPE to surgery was 13 days. The median durations of preoperative and postoperative antibiotic use were five and seven days, respectively. Major complications occurred in four cases (three and one cases of respiratory failure and cerebral infarction, respectively). The median postoperative hospital stay was 14 days. Recurrence or progression to chronic empyema was seen in four cases. The median numbers of days until the conditions were met were three days for BT < 37.5 °C, six days for BT < 37.0 °C, four days for WBC<10,000, seven days for seg<80% and seven days for CRP<25%. CONCLUSIONS: The proper duration of antimicrobial therapy after VATS-D for TE/PPE is approximately three to seven days. Urgent VATS-D may shorten the total antibiotic usage.

Lung Metastasis From Thyroid Carcinoma Showing a Pure Ground-Glass Nodule.

We report a rare case of lung metastasis of thyroid carcinoma showing a pure ground-glass nodule in a 68-year-old man who underwent total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection in 2004. We followed the nodule growth, found 5 years after the surgery in the right lower lobe, using computed tomography and observed a gradual enlargement to 8 mm in 11 years. Postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor was a papillary carcinoma that metastasized from the thyroid. This report may help clinicians recognize pure ground-glass nodules as lung metastasis of thyroid carcinoma and avoid misdiagnosis as lung adenocarcinoma.

Ruptured metastatic liver tumor secondary to a thymoma: a case report.

We report a case of rupture of a synchronous metastatic liver tumor secondary to a thymoma. A 56-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with acute abdomen. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a 10 cm diameter tumor in the left lateral segment of the liver, together with ascites, which was suggestive of intra-abdominal bleeding. She was in stable condition and hemostasis was confirmed by angiography. CT also revealed a mass in the anterior mediastinum. Elective laparoscopic left lateral segmentectomy was performed to make a pathological diagnosis and for radical resection. No peritoneal dissemination was observed and the liver tumor was curatively resected. The patient subsequently underwent thymectomy. The pathological diagnoses were thymoma with the liver metastasis. Currently, at 30 months post-treatment, she has had no tumor recurrence. Rupture of a metastatic liver tumor secondary to a thymoma is a rare condition; careful preoperative management and aggressive treatment might improve the patient's prognosis.

Two cases of granuloma mimicking local recurrence after pulmonary segmentectomy.

BACKGROUND: Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/CT is the most sensitive non-invasive imaging method for the detection of tumor metastasis and recurrence, but sometimes reveals false-positive results. Herein, we report two cases of false-positive results on PET/CT scans along with elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, mimicking local recurrence after pulmonary segmentectomy. CASE PRESENTATION: Case 1; A 75-year-old woman underwent thoracoscopic left basal segmentectomy for primary lung cancer. Follow-up at 6 months after the surgery revealed serum CEA level elevation and chest CT showed a nodule measuring 25 × 22 mm in the residual left lower lobe. PET/CT revealed FDG uptake in the nodule diagnosed as local recurrence of lung cancer, and the patient underwent partial resection of the nodule. Microscopic examination of the resected specimen revealed granuloma caused by polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheet. Case 2; A 58-year-old man underwent VATS right S1 segmentectomy for lung metastasis from rectal carcinoma. Serum CEA levels gradually increased after surgery, and PET/CT revealed FDG uptake in the stump diagnosed as local recurrence of the lung metastasis. The patient underwent completion lobectomy 6 months after the segmentectomy, and the pathology of the resected specimen revealed an inflammatory granuloma caused by PGA suture. CONCLUSIONS: Although suture and stapler granulomas have been reported, granuloma caused by PGA sheets has never been reported. Postoperative recurrence of lung cancer should be diagnosed with not only PET/CT scans and serum tumor markers but also pathological findings, to avoid unnecessary treatment such as chemotherapy, radiation, and difficult reoperation.

A case of thoracic endometriosis-related pneumothorax in a menopausal woman.

Thoracic endometriosis-related pneumothorax (TERP) or thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES) usually occurs in women of childbearing age and affects the right thorax. Menopausal and left-sided cases are rare. A case of left-sided TERP in a postmenopausal woman after adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer is reported. A 51-year-old woman underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery for recurrent left pneumothorax. Immunohistological examination of the resected specimen from the apical bleb and a diaphragmatic blueberry spot demonstrated thoracic endometriosis. Even in the case of a left-sided pneumothorax in a menopausal woman, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of TERP.

Hoarseness after radical surgery with systematic lymph node dissection for primary lung cancer.

OBJECTIVES: Radical surgery with systematic upper mediastinal node dissection for primary lung cancer can cause recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis, but this is poorly reported. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data for consecutive patients who underwent radical surgery for primary lung cancer with an observation period of at least 12 months. During follow-up, hoarseness and vocal fold movement were assessed clinically and laryngoscopically, respectively. RESULTS: Of the 365 patients included in this study, 22 (6.0%) experienced hoarseness as a complication. All 22 patients who experienced hoarseness had undergone upper mediastinal node dissection. Although 1 of the 22 patients refused to undergo laryngoscopy, we assessed the vocal fold movement in the remaining patients (95.5%). Among these, 5 patients (23.8%) had right RLN paralysis, and 15 (71.4%) had left RLN paralysis and showed no sign of RLN paralysis. Over 1-24 months, vocal cord movement improved in 61.1% (11/18); and over 1-28 months, hoarseness improved in 72.7% (16/22). All patients with right RLN paralysis improved without further treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that extensive follow-up is necessary to discern whether hoarseness is a temporary or permanent complication of radical surgery in patients with primary lung cancer who have undergone systematic lymph node dissection.

A Case of Mediastinal Granular Cell Tumor with Horner's Syndrome.

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is found in various organs but is rare in the mediastinum. We report a case of mediastinal GCT in a 19-year-old woman who presented with left ptosis and miosis. CT and MRI revealed a 29-mm well-circumscribed tumor located close to the first thoracic vertebra with features suggesting a neurogenic tumor. The tumor was completely excised using single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the tumor was a benign GCT. Postoperatively, left ptosis and miosis had improved slightly. To our knowledge, this is the first report regarding mediastinal GCT presenting with preoperative Horner's syndrome.

Combined atypical carcinoid tumour and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

A 71-year-old man diagnosed with lung cancer in the right lower lobe with invasion to the middle lobe underwent right lower and middle lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection. The cancer was pathologically diagnosed as stage IIB (pT3N0M0) with combined squamous cell carcinoma and an atypical carcinoid tumour. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a combined atypical carcinoid tumour and non-small cell lung cancer. This case further expands the histological spectrum of combined neuroendocrine tumours.