Ophthalmomyiasis is not only a problem for rural regions of Eastern Anatolia of Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Ophthalmomyiasis externa results from infestation of the conjunctiva by the larval or maggot form of Oestrus ovis. It is common in sheep-farming areas, especially in Mediterranean countries. CASE REPORT: A 40-year-old man was admitted to the ophthalmology outpatient clinic at State Hospital. He complained of a foreign-body sensation. He was living in a city center in Eastern Anatolia of Turkey. The larvae were removed and antibiotic drops and ointment were given to the patient. The larvae were first-instar Oestrus ovis larvae. CONCLUSIONS: The authors consider ophthalmomyiasis to be not only a problem of rural areas and subsequent examination is very important to ensure that no complications have occurred. It is hoped that this case encourages physicians to be aware of the diagnosis of ophthalmomyiasis externa and its complication and treatment.

Molecular Characterization of Hypoderma SPP. in Domestic Ruminants from Turkey and Pakistan.

The aim of this study was to determine the morphological and molecular characterization of Hypoderma spp. in cattle and yak from provinces in Turkey and Pakistan. In total, 78 Hypoderma larvae were collected from slaughtered animals in Turkey and Pakistan from October 2015 to January 2016. Thirty-eight of these 78 Hypoderma larvae were morphologically classified as third instar larvae (L3s) of Hypoderma bovis, 37 were classified as Hypoderma lineatum, and 3 were classified as suspected or unidentified. The restriction enzyme TaqI was used to differentiate the Hypoderma spp. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). According to the sequences and the PCR-RFLP results, all larval samples from cattle from Turkey were classified as H. bovis, except for 1 sample classified as H. lineatum. All Hypoderma larvae from Pakistan were classified as H. lineatum from cattle and as Hypoderma sinense from yak. This study provides the first molecular characterization of H. lineatum (cattle) and H. sinense (yak) in Pakistan based on PCR-RFLP and sequencing results.

A case of cutaneous myiasis caused by Wohlfahrtia magnifica.

Myiasis is caused by the invasion of tissues or organs of man or animals by dipterous larvae. The disease is infrequent in Turkey; it is observed particularly in people with some predisposing factors. A 46-year-old male farmer with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) presented with the complaint of a blood-tinged discharge and pain in the left frontal-temporal region for three days. Physical examination revealed live maggots in the ulcerous wound resulting from basal cell carcinoma. The larvae were removed with forceps, and the wound was locally dressed with povidone-iodine. The maggots were identified as the third instar larvae of Wohlfahrtia magnifica.

The investigation of lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant levels and some hematological parameters in sheep naturally infested with Wohlfahrtia magnifica larvae.

Wohlfahrtia magnifica is the main agent of traumatic myiasis in many central and eastern European countries as well as in the Mediterranean basin and Asian countries. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of myiasis infestation on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant levels and several hematological parameters in the sheep naturally infested with W. magnifica larvae. A total of 38 sheep, including 19 awassi sheep naturally infested with W. magnifica larvae and 19 clinically healthy awassi sheep, were studied. The infected animals were divided into three groups depending on the number of larvae (Group 1: <50 larvae; Group 2: 50-100 larvae; Group 3: >100 larvae). In blood samples, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit concentration and white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, basophil counts, plasma malondialdehyde, erythrocyte glutathione levels and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity were studied. The results revealed a marked decrease in red blood cell counts and hemoglobin concentrations along with a significant increase in white blood cell and neutrophil counts. The elevation in plasma malondialdehyde levels, a function of lipid peroxidation, established a significant difference between the control group and groups 2, 3. Decreased activity of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase was found significant in the control group and all parasitemia. We conclude that in natural infestations with W. magnifica, as in infestation with Lucilia cuprina, there is a notable increase in inflammatory activities resulting from the movements, secretions, and toxins of the larvae and form the toxins secreted by the bacteria - which leads to an impression of anemia - and that the tissue injury results in an increase in level of free radicals in the organism.

A serological and molecular survey of cattle hypodermosis in east-Turkey.

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of hypodermosis in cattle in East-Turkey and to identify Hypoderma species using morphological and molecular methods. For this purpose, a total of 778 serum samples of cattle were collected from Erzurum provinces of east-Turkey from December 2008 to February 2009. The sera were analyzed using a Hypodermin C antigen by means of indirect ELISA. In addition, 10 Hypoderma spp. larvae were collected from slaughtered animals in the abattoir for morphological identification and molecular characterization on the basis of mitochondrial CO1 gene sequence analysis and PCR-RFLP. Two hundred and twenty three (28.6%) out of 778 cattle were seropositive for hypoderma antibodies. All positive cattle were female of a local breed. Seven out of 10 Hypoderma larvae were morphologically classified as third instar larvae (L3) of H. bovis and 3 were classified as L3 of H. lineatum. The TaqI restriction enzyme was used to differentiate the Hypoderma species on the basis of the 438 and 250 bp bands for H. bovis and the 488 and 200 bp bands for H. lineatum resulting from PCR-RFLP. According to the alignment of the mitochondrial CO1 sequences of the Hypoderma species and the PCR-RFLP results, all examined larva samples were classified as H. bovis.

Bilateral aural myiasis (Wohlfahrtia magnifica): a case with chronic suppurative otitis media.

Myiasis is a disease caused by fly larvae and aural myiasis is a rare clinic condition often occuring in children or mentally retarded people. We report the case of an unusual presentation of a bilateral aural myiasis in a mentally retarded patient with bilateral chronic otitis media caused by the third instar larvae of Wohlfahrtia magnifica. Two larvae were located on the other ear canal while two additional larvae were located in the middle ear cavity and were removed through perforation of the tympanic membrane. Treatment of aural myiasis is based on removal of the maggots and cleansing of the ear with ethanol, chloroform or physiological saline. Physiological saline is preferred in patients who have tympanic membrane perforation. Myiasis is related to personal hygiene. Therefore, in order to decrease the incidence of these infestations, care and hygiene standards should be carried out for those at risk.

[Determination of Hypoderma bovis and Przhevalskiana silenus somatic antigens using SDS-PAGE.]. / Hypoderma bovis ve Przhevalskiana silenus somatik antijenlerinin SDS-PAGE ile tanimlanmasi

The aim of this study was to examine larval antigens obtained from the third instar larvae of Hypoderma bovis and Przhevalskiana silenus using the sodium dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. SDS-PAGE separation was performed using 12% separation gel and 5% stacking gel. At the end of the SDS-PAGE examination, 11 and 19 different polypeptide bands were detected between 6-66 kDa and 6-100 kDa in the third instar larvae antigen of H. bovis and P. silenus, respectively.

[Survey of Neospora caninum in cattle in some provinces in the Eastern Anatolian region.]. / Dogu Anadolu bölgesinin bazi illerinde bulunan sigirlarda Neospora caninum'un arastirilmasi

This study was carried out in order to investigate the presence of Neospora caninum in cattle in the Elazig, Malatya, Mus and Bingöl provinces from January 2003- May 2004. Blood samples were collected from 513 cattle and 32 aborting cows that were of various breeds and ages in all provinces. Sera were obtained from these animals and antibodies against N. caninum were investigated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A commercially available competitive ELISA (cELISA) kit (VMRD, Inc., Veterinary Medical Research and Development, Pullman, WA, USA. Product Code 5NO5.20) was used to detect the N. caninum antibodies in the sera. Out of 513 cattle in the region, 36 (7.01 %) were found to be seropositive by cELISA. Seropositivity rates obtained by cELISA were 15.00% in Elazig, 4.00% in Malatya, 4.86% in Mus and 4.69% in Bingöl. One of the 32 aborting cows (3.12 %) was found to be seropositive against N. caninum.