COMPASS-CAT versus Khorana risk assessment model for predicting venous thromboembolic events in patients with non-small cell lung cancer on active treatment with chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy, the CK-RAM study.

Cancer patients are at higher risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Several risk assessment models (RAM), including the Khorana and COMPASS-CAT, were developed to help predict the occurrence of VTE in cancer patients on active anti-cancer therapy. We aim to study the prevalence and predictors of VTE among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and compare both RAMs in predicting VTE in patients with NSCLC were retrospectively reviewed. Variables known to increase the risk of VTE were collected and risk of VTE was assessed using both Khorana and COMPASS-CAT RAM. A total of 508 patients (mean age ± SD, 58.4 ± 12.2 years) were enrolled. Most (n = 357, 70.3%) patients had adenocarcinoma, and 333 (65.6%) patients had metastatic disease. VTE were confirmed in 76 (15.0%) patients. Rates were higher among patients with metastatic disease (19.8%, p < 0.001), adenocarcinoma (17.4%, p = 0.01) and those treated with immunotherapy (23.5%, p = 0.014). VTE rates were 21.2%, 14.1% and 13.9% among those with high (n = 66), intermediate (n = 341) and low (n = 101) Khorana risk scores, respectively (p = 0.126). On the other hand, 190 (37.4%) were classified as high risk by the COMPASS-CAT RAM; 52 (27.4%) of them had VTE compared to 24 (7.5%) of the remaining 318 (62.6%) classified as Low/Intermediate risk level, p < 0.001. In conclusion, patients with NSCLC are at high risk for VTE, especially those with adenocarcinoma, metastatic disease and when treated with immunotherapy. Compared to Khorana RAM, COMPASS-CAT RAM was better in identifying more patients in high-risk group, with higher VTE rate.

The role of biofuels for sustainable MicrogridsF: A path towards carbon neutrality and the green economy.

Today, with the progress of technology, the world is facing an increasing growth in power consumption. Since the fuel of most power plants is supplied from fossil fuels, it has caused an increase in global fossil fuel consumption and environmental degradation. ّFurthermore, the volatility of fossil fuel prices and unstable energy security have prompted international organizations and governments to apply policies to restrict fossil fuel use and examine alternatives to fossil fuels. Since biofuels come from renewable sources and are clean fuels, they can be an appropriate alternative to fossil fuels and play a more expansive role in supplying energy for transportation industries, power plants, and heat production systems. Although there is some research about the drawbacks of using fossil fuels and the commendation of using biofuels in various industries such as transportation, the literature lacks a comprehensive study on the evaluation and analysis of the potential of using biofuels instead of conventional fuels in power generation systems. The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of utilizing biofuels instead of fossil fuels in microgrids to achieve carbon neutrality objectives. Furthermore, this paper reviews previous research studies that have operated biofuels in three categories: solid, liquid, and gas, to generate electricity and analyzes the potential of different biofuels to produce heat and electricity for microgrid power systems. In addition to outlining the present knowledge gaps in this area, this study explores the prospects and threats associated with expanding the use of biofuels in the power production industry and the development of sustainable microgrids. This study indicated that if the technical and economic problems of employing biofuels are overcome, these clean fuels have a great potential to obtain the maximum share of the global power generation market and move toward Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE) goals.

Uniqueness technique for introducing high octane environmental gasoline using renewable oxygenates and its formulation on Fuzzy modeling.

The depletion of fuel production and raising ecological issues have paid the progress of biofuels in the entire world. Among different biofuels is introducing renewable fuel additives as prospective beneficial blendstocks towards fulfilling systematic, low-carbon technologies internal combustion engines. This research article proposes a new approach to formulate a Fuzzy modeling for examining various promising alternative renewable oxygenated compounds, including ethanol, isopropanol, MTBE, and 2-methyl furan into heavy hydrocracked gasoline a base fuel. No previous study has utilized Fuzzy modeling in formulation of producing high octane fuel based on renewable additives compounds. The effect of selected additives was investigated on the antiknock characteristics. The results reported that the quality and quantity of heavy hydrocracked naphtha have been reinforced, using low carbon oxygenates. Besides, the acquired results provided the possibility to determine the optimum range of selected renewable oxygenates percentages of 30-50% wt. The calculated data of Fuzzy modeling were verified with experimental results. It illustrated that predicted environmental gasoline yields agreed well with experimental results. Finally, low carbon liquid fuel could contribute to produce high quality environmental gasoline, improve environmental characteristics, in terms of decreasing greenhouses emissions, and maximize the vehicles technologies.