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1.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 7(1): 65-71, 2003 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12701837

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: A study was conducted in new patients registered with tuberculosis (TB) in a rural district of Malawi in order to 1) verify the acceptability of voluntary counselling and testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; 2) describe sexual behaviour and condom use; and 3) identify socio-demographic and behavioural risk factors associated with 'no condom use'. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Consecutive patients diagnosed with TB between January and December 2000 were offered voluntary counselling and HIV testing (VCT) and were subsequently interviewed. RESULTS: There were 1,049 new TB patients enrolled in the study. Of these, 1,007 (96%) were pre-test counselled, 955 (91%) underwent HIV testing and 912 (87%) were post-test counselled; 43 (4%) patients refused HIV testing. The overall HIV infection rate was 77%. Of all HIV-positive TB patients, 691 (94%) were put on cotrimoxazole. There were 479 (49%) TB patients who reported sexual encounters, of whom only 6% always used condoms. Unprotected sex was associated with having TB symptoms for over 1 month, having had less than 8 years of school education, being single, divorced or widowed or having sex with the same partner. CONCLUSIONS: Offering VCT to TB patients in this setting has a high acceptance rate and provides an opportunity to strengthen and integrate TB and HIV programmes.


Assuntos
Aconselhamento , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Adulto , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Comorbidade , Preservativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Malaui/epidemiologia , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , População Rural , Comportamento Sexual , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêutico
2.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 1(4): 339-45, 1997 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9432390

RESUMO

SETTING: Laboratories performing sputum smear microscopy for tuberculosis in Benin, Malawi, Nicaragua and Senegal. METHODS: Analysis of computerized laboratory registers to ascertain workload, yield from serial smear examination, and demographic characteristics of examinees. RESULTS: Data from more than 60,000 examinees in 42 laboratories showed that the average number of smears examined per day ranged from 4 to 19 (mean 6) per country. To find one case of tuberculosis, on average 21 smears of suspects were examined (range 8 to 50). Of all cases with ultimately at least one positive result, 87% were already positive on the first examination. Demographic characteristics of cases differed considerably by country and gender. In 35 of 42 laboratories, males were more frequently found to be cases than females, and with increasing age an increasingly larger number of female than male suspects had to be examined to identify one case. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the usefulness of a standardized recording system for results of acid-fast microscopy in obtaining essential information for program management and on demographic characteristics of persons presenting for examination.


Assuntos
Sistemas de Informação em Laboratório Clínico , Países em Desenvolvimento , Programas de Rastreamento , Sistemas Computadorizados de Registros Médicos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Escarro/microbiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Criança , Comparação Transcultural , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Microscopia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Software , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Carga de Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos
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