Caracterización clínica de la Nefropatía por Poliomavirus BK en pacientes trasplantados renales / Clinical characterization of Polyomavirus BK nephropathy in kidney transplanted patients

INTRODUCCIÓN. La nefropatía por poliomavirus BK resulta un problema emergente en el trasplante renal, pues contribuye a la pérdida temprana de los injertos renales. OBJETIVO. Caracterizar clínicamente a los pacientes trasplantados renales con nefropatía por poliomavirus BK. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, realizado en el Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín en el período 2013-2022, se obtuvo una base de datos anonimizada, 479 pacientes trasplantados renales, de estos se identificaron 37 pacientes que corresponde a un 7,7% con nefropatía por poliomavirus BK, se realizó un análisis con el programa estadístico SPSS v26®. RESULTADOS. La población estuvo caracterizada por pacientes del sexo masculino (56,8%), con una edad media de 48,2 años, el donante cadavérico fue el más frecuente (94,5%), la mayor parte del tratamiento de la nefropatía por poliomavirus BK consistió en cambio de micofenolato sódico a everolimus y se mantuvo con 50% de Tacrolimus y Prednisona (40,5%); al valorar el cambio de los valores de creatinina, los niveles más elevados fueros a los 12 meses cuando la pérdida renal fue temprana (p: 0,042), y de la misma manera a los 12 meses, fueron más elevados los niveles de creatinina cuando el diagnóstico histopatológico fue Nefropatía por Poliomavirus Clase 3 (p: 0,01). DISCUSIÓN. La prevalencia de la nefropatía se mantuvo por debajo del 10% reportado a nivel global, la creatinina empeoró en pacientes con pérdida temprana del injerto renal y con una clase patológica avanzada, hecho reportado en la fisiopatología de la enfermedad. CONCLUSIÓN. La pérdida del injerto renal temprano presentó una creatinina más alta que la tardía. Es recomendable un tamizaje adecuado para la detección temprana del virus BK siendo crucial para prevenir el deterioro de la función renal y limitar la posterior pérdida del injerto.

INTRODUCTION: BK polyomavirus nephropathy is emerging as a significant concern in kidney transplantation, as it contributes to the early loss of renal grafts. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to clinically characterize renal transplant recipients with BK polyomavirus nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational and descriptive study was conducted at Carlos Andrade Marín Specialties Hospital during the period of 2013 to 2022. An anonymized database comprising 479 renal transplant patients was utilized. Among these, 37 patients, constituting 7.7%, were identified with BK polyomavirus nephropathy. Data analysis was performed using the statistical program SPSS v26®. RESULTS: The study population was predominantly composed of male patients (56.8%) with a mean age of 48.2 years. Deceased donors accounted for the majority (94.5%) of cases. The primary approach for managing BK polyomavirus nephropathy involved transitioning from mycophenolate sodium to everolimus, alongside maintaining a regimen of 50% tacrolimus and 40.5% prednisone. When assessing changes in creatinine values, the highest levels were observed at 12 months, coinciding with early renal loss (p: 0.042). Similarly, at the 12-month mark, elevated creatinine levels were associated with a histopathological diagnosis of Polyomavirus nephropathy Class 3 (p: 0.01). DISCUSSION: The prevalence of nephropathy remained below the globally reported threshold of 10%. Creatinine levels worsened in patients experiencing early graft loss and an advanced pathological classification, aligning with established disease pathophysiology. CONCLUSION: Early renal graft loss was associated with higher creatinine levels compared to delayed loss. Adequate screening for early detection of BK virus is recommended, as it plays a crucial role in preventing renal function deterioration and limiting subsequent graft loss.

Posición condílea según biotipo facial en tomografía de haz de cono / Condylar position according to facial biotype in cone beam tomography / Posição condilar de acordo com a biótipo facial em tomografia feixe cone

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: La posición condilar, como el biotipo facial es importante para mantener una oclusión y un sistema estomatognático equilibrado. El objetivo del presente artículo es relacionar el biotipo facial con la posición condílea en tomografía de haz de cono, en pacientes sin reporte de trastornos temporomandibulares. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 59 tomografías de pacientes 23 de sexo masculino y 36 femenino, con edades entre 14 y 59 años, se clasificaron en dolicofacial, mesofacial y braquifacial. Con el fin de evaluar la posición condilar se estudió la dimensión de los espacios articulares. Las tomografías fueron medidas con I-Cat vision y para el análisis estadístico se utilizó STATA 14, fue avalado por el comité de ética de la Universidad del Valle. Resultados: Se realizó correlación interobservador obteniendo un Kappa promedio de 0,85. 45 pacientes corresponden al biotipo braquifacial, 8 dolicofacial y 6 mesofacial. En todos los espacios articulares, los braquifaciales presentaron valores de mayor dimensión y el dolicofacial menor dimensión. Se encontró que los espacios mediales (CMS) presentaron valores similares en cuanto a lateralidad dentro de cada biotipo, teniendo diferencias de 0,02 a 0,09 sin embargo, para los espacios articulares centrales (CCS) y laterales (CLS) se observaron mayores diferencias entre un lado y otro, teniendo diferencias 0,15 hasta 0,62 lo cual es estadísticamente significativo. CLS fue el espacio articular de menor dimensión en todos los biotipos. Evaluando los espacios articulares por cada biotipo se encontraron diferencias significativas (P < 0,05) en CMS derecho, CCS derecho y muy cercano a la significancia CLS izquierdo. En todos los espacios articulares se observaron valores mayores en el sexo masculino de los cuales todos son braquifaciales siendo estadísticamente significativa (P < 0,05) para el espacio articular en CCS derecho, CLS Derecho y CLS Izquierdo. Conclusiones: Las dimensiones de los espacios articulares están relacionados con el biotipo facial, las medidas tomográficas de corte coronal son un insumo necesario como parte del análisis y diagnóstico anidado al biotipo facial.

Abstract Introduction and objective: The condylar position, as well as the facial biotype, are important to maintain an occlusion and a balanced stomatognathic system. The objective of this article is to relate the facial biotype with the condylar position in cone beam tomography in patients without temporomandibular disorders. Materials and methods: 59 Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) of 23 male and 36 female patients, with age between 14 and 59 years, were classified into dolichofacial, mesofacial and braquifacial biotypes. In order to evaluate the condylar position, the dimension of the joint spaces is evaluated. CBCT were measured with I-Cat vision and STATA 14 was used for statistical analysis, it was endorsed by the ethics committee of the Universidad del Valle. Results: The interobserver correlation was performed, obtaining a Kappa of 0.85. 45 patients correspond to the braquifacial biotype, 8 dolichofacial and 6 mesofacial. In all the joint spaces, the braquifacial ones presented values ​​of greater dimension and the dolichofacial smaller dimension. It was found that the medial spaces (CMS) present similar values ​​in terms of laterality within each biotype, having differences of 0.02 to 0.09, however, for the central (CCS) and lateral (CLS) joint spaces greater differences between one side and the other, having differences 0.15 to 0.62 which is significant. CLS was the joint space with the smallest dimension in all biotypes. Evaluating the joint spaces for each biotype, significant differences (P <0.05) were found in right CMS, right CCS and very close to the left CLS significance. Higher values ​​were observed in all the joint spaces in males, all of which are braquifacial, being statistically significant (P <0.05) for the joint space in the right CCS, Right CLS and Left CLS. Conclusions: The dimensions of the joint spaces are related to the facial biotype, the coronal section tomographic measurements are a necessary input as part of the analysis and diagnosis related to the facial biotype.

Resumo Introdução e objetivo: A posição condilar, assim como o biótipo facial, são importantes para manter uma oclusão e um sistema estomatognático equilibrado. O objetivo deste artigo é relacionar o biótipo facial com a posição condilar na tomografia de feixe cônico em pacientes sem disfunção temporomandibular. Materiais e métodos: 59 tomografias de pacientes 23 do sexo masculino e 36 do feminino, com idades entre 14 e 59 anos, foram classificadas em dolicofacial, mesofacial e braquifacial. Para avaliar a posição condilar, a dimensão dos espaços articulares foi é estudada. As tomografias foram medidas com o I-Cat Vision e o STATA 14 foi usado para a análise estatística, endossada pelo comitê de ética da Universidad del Valle. Resultados: Foi realizada a correlação interobservador, obtendo-se o Kappa de 0,85. 45 pacientes correspondem ao biótipo braquifacial, 8 dolicofaciais e 6 mesofaciais. Em todos os espaços articulares, os braquifaciais apresentaram valores de maior dimensão e os dolicofaciais de menor dimensão. Verificou-se que os espaços mediais (CMS) apresentam valores semelhantes em termos de lateralidade dentro de cada biótipo, havendo diferenças de 0,02 a 0,09, porém, para os espaços articulares central (CCS) e lateral (CLS) maiores. diferenças entre um lado e o outro, tendo diferenças de 0,15 a 0,62 o que é significativo. CLS foi o espaço comum com a menor dimensão em todos os biótipos. Avaliando os espaços articulares para cada biótipo, foram encontradas diferenças significativas (P <0,05) no CMS direito, CCS direito e muito próximas à significância do CLS esquerdo. Valores mais elevados foram observados em todos os espaços articulares do sexo masculino, todos braquifaciais, sendo estatisticamente significantes (P <0,05) para o espaço articular do CCS direito, CLS direito e CLS esquerdo. Conclusões: As dimensões dos espaços articulares estão relacionadas ao biótipo facial, as medidas tomográficas em corte coronal são um insumo necessário como parte da análise e diagnóstico relacionado ao biótipo facial.

Condylar position changes after three months of treatment with posterior bite turbo / Cambios de posición condilar después de tres meses de tratamiento con tope de mordida posterior

ABSTRACT Introduction: all orthodontic treatments must be safe in terms of temporomandibular joint health. No reports in the recent literature evaluate the association between the use of posterior bite turbos and condylar position changes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate condylar position changes occurring after three-month treatment with posterior bite turbo in patients from the Dental School of the Universidad del Valle. Methods: a sample of 15 hyperdivergent patients was randomly distributed into two groups: Bite Turbo and Control Group. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CB-CT) was used to assess the condyle position before the bite turbos bonding to first and second molars, and after three months of use of the appliances. Distances were taken from the CB-CT by a single operator, and the calibration was tested with intraclass correlation (> 0.9). Results: no statistical difference between the position of left and right condyles was detected. However, there was a significant difference in the upper space of the left condyle between the initial and final measurement. Patients reported satisfactory use of the occlusal bite turbo (85.8%) in three months of treatment. Conclusion: contrary to the expected, the simultaneous use of posterior occlusal appliances with balanced mandibular movements for 3 months did not cause significant changes in condylar position. The patients tolerate well the use of occlusal stops. Keywords: orthodontic appliance, cone-beam computed tomography, temporomandibular joint condyle, dental occlusion

RESUMEN Introducción: todos los tratamientos de ortodoncia deben ser seguros con respecto a la salud de las articulaciones temporomandibulares. La literatura reciente no reporta estudios en los que se evalúe la asociación entre el uso de topes de mordida posterior y cambios de posición condilar. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en evaluar los cambios de posición condilar que se produjeron después de tres meses de tratamiento con tope de mordida posterior en pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad del Valle. Métodos: la muestra de 15 pacientes hiperdivergentes se distribuyó aleatoriamente en dos grupos: Bite Turbo y Grupo control. Se utilizó tomografía computarizada de haz de cono para evaluar la posición del cóndilo antes de la unión de los topes de mordida a los molares primero y segundo, y después de tres meses de uso de los dispositivos. Las distancias fueron tomadas en el tomógrafo por un solo operador, y la calibración se probó con correlación intraclase (> 0.9). Resultados: no se detectó ninguna diferencia estadística entre la posición de los cóndilos izquierdo y derecho. Sin embargo, hubo una diferencia significativa en el espacio superior del cóndilo izquierdo entre la medición inicial y final. Los pacientes notificaron un uso satisfactorio del bite turbo oclusal (85,8%) después de tres meses de tratamiento. Conclusión: contrario a lo que se suponía, el uso simultáneo de aparatos oclusales posteriores con movimientos mandibulares equilibrados durante 3 meses no causó cambios significativos en la posición de los cóndilos. Los pacientes toleran bien el uso de topes oclusales.

A 13-month multicenter clinical experience of a low-dose monophasic oral contraceptive containing 20 microg ethinylestradiol and 75 microg gestodene in Latin American women.

This prospective, multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the contraceptive reliability, cycle control and tolerability of a 21-day oral contraceptive regimen containing 20 microg ethinylestradiol and 75 microg gestodene in four Latin American countries (Mexico, Argentina, Brazil and Colombia). Participants took trial medication daily for 21 days. Contraceptive efficacy, cycle control and tolerability were evaluated over a period of 13 cycles. Efficacy data gathered from 5,109 treatment cycles were obtained from 393 participants. The trial medication proved to be an effective contraceptive and provided good cycle control. One pregnancy because of poor compliance was recorded. This resulted in a study Pearl index of 0.25. Forty-six percent of Latin American women reported one intracyclic spotting bleeding episode and 37.6% reported one intracyclic breakthrough bleeding (medium/excessive bleeding) episode during cycles 2-4 (primary target). Overall, intracyclic bleeding was reported in 41%. Overall, there was a trend towards a lower incidence of spotting in all the countries and this difference had statistical significance between Argentina and the others three countries (p < 0.05) during cycles 2-4. This trend was also apparent with respect to breakthrough bleeding, but again the difference did not achieve statistical significance. The discontinuation rate because of adverse events was low (3%); no serious adverse events were reported. More than 78% of the women in the four countries maintained constant body weight or lost weight (2 kg) during the study. The treatment effect on blood pressure was negligible. There were no appreciable changes in mean laboratory values over the course of the study.

A remifentanil/ketamine sedation in surgical cancer patients having severe Parkinson's disease: two case reports.

Symptoms of Parkinson's disease are related to a progressive loss of substancia nigra's dopaminergic neurons in addition to persistent activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. In specific situations such as sedation for minor surgery, tremor and dyskinesia can be very disabling. We report the beneficial effect of the combination of remifentanil (target-controlled infusion mode) and ketamine (boluses IV) to control dyskinesia and tremor for two elderly patients with Parkinson's disease. The patients were scheduled for elective oncological plastic surgery under sedation, for which dyskinesia and tremor needed to be quickly abolished to permit surgery. Both procedures were completed with this drug combination resulting with no major side effects.

The presence of amyloid in abdominal and oral mucosal tissues in patients initially diagnosed with multiple myeloma: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to (1) determine the feasibility of tandem assessment of the presence of amyloid in subcutaneous abdominal fat by fine-needle aspiration and oral mucosal tissue biopsy in patients initially diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) and (2) determine the optimal site for detection of amyloid in the oral cavity (tongue compared with labial minor salivary glands) in the same cohort of patients. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, cross-sectional study was performed on patients with newly diagnosed MM. Subjects completed an abdominal fat pad aspirate and biopsies of both the tongue and labial minor salivary glands (LMSGs). All specimens were analyzed for presence of amyloid via standard techniques. RESULTS: Eleven subjects completed the protocol. Amyloid was not detected in any abdominal fat pad specimens. Amyloid was not detected in any tongue specimens; however, 2 subjects demonstrated amyloid deposition in LMSGs. Neither of these subjects demonstrated evidence of systemic amyloidosis or recurrence of MM at least 3 years after completing the study protocol. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the labial minor salivary glands may be the optimal site to detect amyloid in patients with newly diagnosed MM. Additional studies are warranted to determine if amyloid in the LMSGs represents a high-risk prognostic factor for MM.

Reporte de un caso clínico utilizando expansión rápida del maxilar: generalidades / Report of a clinical case using rapid maxillary expansion: generalities

Se realizó una extensa y actualizada búsqueda bibliográfica acerca de la E.R.M., sus logros y efectos sobre el complejo craneofacial. Se presentó un caso clínico de E.R.M., donde se obtuvo una verdadera separación de la sutura media maxilar, con leves inclinaciones molares, disminución de ángulo ANB y corrección de la mordida cruzada, con lo cual se pudo comprobar que los cambios citados por diferentes autores se manifestaron en nuestra paciente