RESUMO
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma comprises a heterogeneous group of haematological malignancies, classified according to their clinic, anatomic-pathological features and, lately, to their molecular biomarkers. Despite the therapeutic advances, nearly half of the patients will die because of this disease. The new diagnostic tools have been the cornerstone to design recent therapy targets, which must be included in the current treatment guidelines of this sort of neoplasms by means of clinical trials and evidence-based medicine. In the face of poor diagnoses devices in most of the Mexican hospitals, we recommend the present diagnose stratification, and treatment guidelines for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, based on evidence. They include the latest and most innovative therapeutic approaches, as well as specific recommendations for hospitals with limited framework and therapy resources.
Assuntos
Linfoma não Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Linfoma não Hodgkin/terapia , Humanos , MéxicoRESUMO
Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a key role in the host response. Some association studies have implicated the single nucleotide polymorphism TNF -308G>A in leprosy susceptibility, but these results are still controversial. We first conducted 4 association studies (2639 individuals) that showed a protective effect of the -308A allele (odds ratio [OR] = 0.77; P = .005). Next, results of a meta-analysis reinforced this association after inclusion of our new data (OR = 0.74; P = .04). Furthermore, a subgroup analysis including only Brazilian studies suggested that the association is specific to this population (OR = 0.63; P = .005). Finally, functional analyses using whole blood cultures showed that patients carrying the -308A allele produced higher TNF levels after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (6 hours) and M. leprae (3 hours) stimulation. These results reinforce the association between TNF and leprosy and suggest the -308A allele as a marker of disease resistance, especially among Brazilians.
Assuntos
Hanseníase/genética , Mycobacterium leprae/isolamento & purificação , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , DNA/química , DNA/genética , Feminino , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Hanseníase/epidemiologia , Hanseníase/microbiologia , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is no epidemiological registry in Mexico. The information about the epidemiology in our country is obtained by these types of studies, such as multicentric studies. A lot of improvements in the survival in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients had occurred in the last 20 years. The access to treatment in these types of pathology could change the prognostic factors in Mexican Mestizos patients. The primary objective of the study was to learn what the most frequent histological varieties of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Mexico are. The secondary objectives included clinical characteristics, treatments used, treatment response, disease-free survival and overall survival. METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive study of consecutive cases was carried out in 14 hospitals across 14 Mexican states with patients diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma using the World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 criteria. Inclusion criteria included: ≥ 18 years of age, male or female, any clinical stage at diagnosis, who had received any chemotherapy regimen, with a known outcome. Descriptive statistics was performed for all variables, and survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: Totally, 609 patients were enrolled, of which 545 were B-cell lymphomas and 64 were T-cell lymphomas. Median ages were 61 and 50, respectively. B-cell lymphomas were more common in males with 52.1%, and 65.5% of T-cell lymphomas occurred in females. For B-cell lymphomas, the two most frequent histological subtypes were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in 63.9%, followed by follicular lymphoma at 18%. Meanwhile, 50% of T-cell lymphomas were of the T/natural killer (NK) subtype, and 87.1% of the patients received a CHOP-like regimen. Radiotherapy was given to 31% of B-cell Lymphomas and 46.9% of T-cell lymphomas. Overall survival at 9 years was 84.6% for B-cell lymphomas, and 73.4% for T-cell lymphomas. CONCLUSIONS: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma constitutes the most frequent subtype for B-cell lymphomas in Mexico. The most frequent T-cell lymphoma is the NK/T histological subtype.
RESUMO
Antecedentes. Las enfermedades parasitarias tienen una distribución universal y son causa de una significativa mor - bimortalidad, principalmente en las regiones tropicales del mundo, asociadas a un bajo grado de desarrollo, malas condiciones higiénico-sanitarias, y determinadas condiciones ecológicas. Objetivo. describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de Leishmaniasis en el municipio Trojes, departamento de El Paraíso, Honduras en el período 2014-2017. Metodología. Estudio descrip - tivo transversal, 45,393 pacientes atendidos, 388 presentaron Leishmaniasis (0.8%). tamaño de muestra estimado de 204 (52.6%, IC95%). Variables incluidas: características sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas, datos clínicos, laboratoriales, diagnóstico y trata - miento. Se ingreso informacion en base de datos Epiinfo versión 7.1.5 (CDC, Atlanta). Los resultados se presentan como frecuencias, porcentajes, rangos y promedios. La información personal de los casos se manejó confidencialmente. Resultados. El tipo de Leish - maniasis más frecuente fue la forma cutánea en un 89.1% (188), el grupo etáreo más afectado fue el adulto joven (20-39 años) 37.8% (77), siendo estos de género masculino 61.8% (126). La zona anatómica más afectada fueron las extremidades superiores 43.6%(89), el tamaño de la lesión fue entre 2-10 cm 64.2%(131). El 96.1%(196) permaneció en zonas boscosas.74.5% (152) no presentaron síntomas. En el 100%(204) de los pacientes se utilizó Antimoniato de Meglumina (Glucantime) Discusión. Las herramientas para la prevención y el control de esta parasitosis son limitadas, por lo que es importante para las personas expuestas participar en acciones con el fin de reducir el contacto entre seres humanos y vectores. El diagnóstico precoz y oportuno, así como el tratamiento adecuado son cruciales para mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente...(AU)