American Confederation of Urology (CAU) experience in minimally invasive partial nephrectomy.

PURPOSE: To describe the perioperative and oncology outcomes in a series of laparoscopic or robotic partial nephrectomies (PN) for renal tumors treated in diverse institutions of Hispanic America from the beginning of their minimally invasive (MI) PN experience through December 2014. METHODS: Seventeen institutions participated in the CAU generated a MI PN database. We estimated proportions, medians, 95 % confidence intervals, Kaplan-Meier curves, multivariate logistic and Cox regression analyses. Clavien-Dindo classification was used. RESULTS: We evaluated 1501 laparoscopic (98 %) or robotic (2 %) PNs. Median age: 58 years. Median surgical time, warm ischemia and intraoperative bleeding were 150, 20 min and 200 cc. 81 % of the lesions were malignant, with clear cell histology being 65 % of the total. Median maximum tumor diameter is 2.7 cm, positive margin is 8.2 %, and median hospitalization is 3 days. One or more postoperative complication was recorded in 19.8 % of the patients: Clavien 1: 5.6 %; Clavien 2: 8.4 %; Clavien 3A: 1.5 %; Clavien 3B: 3.2 %; Clavien 4A: 1 %; Clavien 4B: 0.1 %; Clavien 5: 0 %. Bleeding was the main cause of a reoperation (5.5 %), conversion to radical nephrectomy (3 %) or open partial nephrectomy (6 %). Transfusion rate is 10 %. In multivariate analysis, RENAL nephrometry score was the only variable associated with complications (OR 1.1; 95 % CI 1.02-1.2; p = 0.02). Nineteen patients presented disease progression or died of disease in a median follow-up of 1.37 years. The 5-year progression or kidney cancer mortality-free rate was 94 % (95 % CI 90, 97). Positive margins (HR 4.98; 95 % CI 1.3-19; p = 0.02) and females (HR 5.6; 95 % CI 1.7-19; p = 0.005) were associated with disease progression or kidney cancer mortality after adjusting for maximum tumor diameter. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic PN in these centers of Hispanic America seem to have acceptable perioperative complications and short-term oncologic outcomes.

[Rosai-Dorfman disease presented with involvement of the adrenal gland. A clinical case reported]. / Enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman en glándula suprarrenal. Informe de un caso clínico.

BACKGROUND: Adrenal gland involvement is a very rare extranodal presentation of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease). Its pathogenesis still remains unknown with many theories about its probable cause. Symptoms and signs of adrenal involvement presentation are uncertain. Although, it is a disease with a good prognosis and a favorable clinical course in most cases, the low index of suspicion and difficulty in radiological differential diagnosis lead to radical treatment. CLINICAL CASE: We present a case of Rosai-Dorfman disease with right adrenal plus left infrahiliar nodal involvement. It was treated with adrenalectomy and node exeresis. The infrahilial involvement evolution was appropriate. CONCLUSIONS: Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare disease and the extra-nodal presentation is even more rare. The incidence and evolution of this disease in the adrenal gland is unknown. The presence of this pathology should be considered if the patient shows adrenal gland affected and lymph node growth, in order to consider the individualized treatment, which may vary (treatment with corticosteroids, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy).

INTRODUCCIÓN: la afectación extranodal de la glándula suprarrenal es una forma infrecuente de la histiocitosis sinusal con linfadenopatía masiva o enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman. Aún se desconoce la etiopatogenia de esta enfermedad. Los síntomas y signos de presentación en la afectación adrenal son inciertos. Aunque es una enfermedad de buen pronóstico y curso clínico favorable, el bajo índice de sospecha y el difícil diagnóstico radiológico diferencial llevan a tratamiento radical en la mayoría de los casos. CASO CLÍNICO: se describe el caso de una paciente con enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman en quien se identificó tumor adrenal derecho de 97 × 99 × 68 mm y tumor nodal infrahiliar izquierdo de 61 × 58 × 57 mm. El tratamiento incluyó adrenalectomía y vigilancia activa del tumor infrahilial mediante tomografía y gammagrama renal. La evolución de la paciente fue adecuada. CONCLUSIONES: la enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman es una patología poco común y su presentación extranodal es todavía más extraña. La incidencia y evolución de la enfermedad en glándula suprarrenal se desconocen. Esta patología debe ser considerada en glándula suprarrenal cuando hay afección adrenal y crecimiento nodal, para plantear el tratamiento individualizado que puede variar entre vigilancia activa, tratamiento con corticosteroides, quimioterapia y radioterapia.