Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Crossbred Cow Milk Production in a Silvopastoral System in Tropical Mexico.

In Mexico, pasture degradation is associated with extensive pastures; additionally, under these conditions, livestock activities contribute considerably to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Among the options to improve grazing systems and reduce GHG emissions, silvopastoral systems (SPS) have been recommended. The objectives of this work were to quantify the N outflow in a soil-plant-animal interface, as well as the CH4 emissions and milk production in an SPS with woody legumes (Leucaena leucocephala) that is associated with stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis). This was then compared with stargrass in a monoculture system (MS) in the seasons (dry and rainy period) over a two-year period. Dung was collected from the animals of each of the grazing systems and applied fresh to the land plots. Fresh dung and urine were collected from the cows of each grazing system and were applied to the experimental plots. In addition, the soil CH4 and N2O contents were measured to quantify the emissions. Average milk yield by seasons was similar: MS (7.1 kg per animal unit (AU)/day-1) and SPS (6.31 kg per AU/day-1). Cows in the MS had a mean N intake of 171.9 g/UA day-1 without seasonal variation, while the SPS animals' mean N intake was 215.7 g/UA day-1 for both seasons. For the urine applied to soil, the N2O outflow was higher in the MS (peak value = 1623.9 µg N-N2O m-2 h-1). The peak value for the SPS was 755.9 µg of N-N2O m-2 h-1. The N2O emissions were higher in the rainy season (which promotes denitrification). The values for the feces treatment were 0.05% (MS) and 0.01% (SPS). The urine treatment values were 0.52% (MS) and 0.17% (SPS). The emissions of CH4 showed that the feces of the SPS systems resulted in a higher accumulation of gas in the rainy season (29.8 g C ha-1), followed by the feces of the MS system in the dry season (26.0 g C ha-1). Legumes in the SPS helped to maintain milk production, and the N2O emissions were lower than those produced by the MS (where the pastures were fertilized with N).

Frequency and main sites of allergic contact dermatitis caused by nail varnish.

BACKGROUND: Liquid nail varnish has been used since 1919, and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) has been recognized for at least 80 years, but it is difficult for nonspecialists to identify this condition. OBJECTIVES: (1) To verify the frequency of ACD from nail varnish in patients with a presumptive diagnosis of contact dermatitis seen at an outpatient clinic, (2) to characterize the groups studied according to site of skin disorder, and (3) to determine the main sensitizer related to varnish. METHODS: Patients with a final diagnosis of ACD caused by nail varnish were assessed by means of retrospective analysis of medical charts and protocols used in the clinic from January 1996 to December 2006. Patch tests with the Brazilian standard series and a complementary series were applied to all patients. RESULTS: Diagnosis of ACD from nail varnish was made in 8% of cases (157 of 1,971). The most affected sites were the face and neck; however, involvement of some uncommon areas, such as periungual and perianal regions, was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: ACD from nail polishes is a common event and recognition of the condition must be improved. Toluenesulfonamide formaldehyde resin (TSFR) was the most common allergen in the group studied.

O estado da arte da fibrilação atrial / The art state of atrial fibrillation

Justificativa e objetivos: A alta prevalência e incidência da fibrilação atrial (FA), bem como sua grande associação com a morbidade dos pacientes, trás a necessidade de melhor conhecimento para um diagnóstico correto e um tratamento eficaz. O objetivo deste estudo foi rever e fornecer um protocolo de atendimento para pacientes acometidos por esta arritmia. Conteúdo: Este estudo versa sobre o estado da arte da fibrilação atrial, sua origem, epidemiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento, através de uma revisão atual da literatura médica e seus conceitos mais relevantes. Conclusão: Feito o diagnóstico e tendo por base a classificação da fibrilação atrial, gravidade dos sintomas, presença de comorbidades, idade e opções farmacológicas disponíveis, o tratamento se faz necessário. E tem como alvos: controle da frequência cardíaca ou reversão do ritmo, prevenção de eventos tromboembólicos e de recorrências da arritmia.

Background and objectives: The high prevalence and incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), as well as to being largely associated with an increase in patient's morbidity, bring a need to perform further studies aimed at an increased knowledge about that entity in order to obtain a correct diagnosis and an efficient treatment. Thus, this work brings a wide review on the subject and provides an attending protocol for patients who have that kind of arrhythmia. Contents: This work reviews atrial fibrillation's state of art, your cause, epidemiology, diagnostic and treatment, through medicine literature review and your essential concept. Conclusion: Based on the diagnosis and on the atrial fibrillation classifications, severity of symptoms, presence of co-morbidities, patient's age, and the medications available, treatment is essential, aiming at: controlling the heart rate or rhythm reversion, prevention of thromboembolic episodes, as well as arrhythmia recurrence.