High internal phase emulsion stabilized by sodium caseinate:quercetin complex as antioxidant emulsifier.

High internal phase emulsion (HIPE) was produced and stabilized using a novel antioxidant emulsifier formed by the complexation between sodium caseinate (SC) and quercetin (Q). Colloidal complexes, produced via an alkaline process, showed great ability to reduce the interfacial tension between oil-water phases, promoting stabilization of the HIPEs even at low concentrations (1.5% w/v in the aqueous fraction). HIPEs at 0.80 volume fraction of dispersed phase presented remarkable viscosity due to the high-packing network of oil droplets surrounded by a thin liquid layer. Moreover, the emulsions showed a gel-like behavior and kinetic stability for 45-days at 25 °C. The approach of SC:Q complexes on HIPEs development is promising to reduce lipid oxidation, translated by the formation of hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde during storage, especially for the complex formed with the highest amount of the phenolic compound. In this study, the development of HIPEs with outstanding kinetic and oxidative stability is reported as a potential alternative for the development of healthier products with reduced saturated and trans-fat content.

Designing covalent sodium caseinate-quercetin complexes to improve emulsifying properties and oxidative stability.

The complexation of proteins with phenolic compounds has been considered a promising route to improve the oxidative stability of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. In this context, physicochemical and techno-functional properties of sodium caseinate (SC) chemically modified by the interaction with quercetin (Q) under alkaline conditions were evaluated using different molar ratios of the components (SC:Q). The formation of covalent complexes was analysed by the changes in SC structure and properties.. The results showed that the surface hydrophobicity of SC gradually decreased with increasing Q concentration. Whereas an increase in phenolic content and antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP was observed. The techno-functionality of the complexes was evaluated by their capacity of stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions. The emulsion stabilized by complexes and non-modified SC showed an average droplet size (D4.3) between 1,632 ± 0,068 and 1,945 ± 0,431 µm. After 21d of storage, no coalescence was observed, evidencing the formation of stable emulsions. Furthermore, the highest oxidative stability of the emulsion was observed at the highest concentration of Q, while the formation of hydroperoxides and aldehydes was greater in the emulsions stabilized with non-modified SC. The formation of primary lipid oxidation compounds was approximately 3x higher in emulsions stabilized only with SC compared to those stabilized with the SC:Q complex in a 1:1 ratio. These results suggest that modification of SC with Q is a potential approach tuning both chemical and techno-functional properties of SC.

Adipose metaplasia of the thyroid associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis with nodular hyperplasia and oncocytic cells adenoma: case report and literature review / Metaplasia adiposa de tireoide associada à tireoidite de Hashimoto com hiperplasia nodular e adenoma de células oncocíticas: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

ABSTRACT Lesions involving adipose tissue and the thyroid gland are usually rare. In the present report, adipose metaplasia is associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis with nodular hyperplasia and oncocytic adenoma in a 40-years-old female patient, which is one of the first reported cases of this association. The main clinical finding is the diffuse goiter, and the differential diagnosis must be performed to exclude the possibility of malignancies. The treatment is performed through total thyroidectomy. Thus, it is important the physicians be aware of this pathology with a view to a more effective clinical reasoning and to exclude more serious possibilities.

RESUMO Lesões que envolvem tecido adiposo e glândula tireoide costumam ser raros. No presente relato, a metaplasia adiposa associou-se à tireoidite de Hashimoto com hiperplasia nodular e adenoma de células oncocíticas em uma paciente de 40 anos, sexo feminino, sendo um dos primeiros casos relatados dessa associação. O principal achado clínico é o bócio difuso, e o diagnóstico diferencial deve ser realizado com o intuito de excluir malignidades. O tratamento é feito por meio de tireoidectomia total. Dessa forma, é importante que o médico conheça essa patologia a fim de um raciocínio clínico mais eficaz, excluindo possibilidades mais graves.