Prognostic factors and predictive model for in-hospital mortality following hip fractures in the elderly.

PURPOSE: The incidence of hip fractures is increasing within the aging population. Our objective was to identify and quantify the risk factors and develop a predictive model for the in-hospital mortality among hip fracture patients older than 65 years. METHODS: This is a prospective study conducted on 331 hip fracture patients older than 65 years admitted to our hospital from 2011 to 2014. Patients' demographics, prehospitalization residential status, prefracture comorbidity data, anti-aggregant and anticoagulant medication, preoperative hemoglobin value, type of fractures, type of treatments, time to surgery, and complications were recorded. RESULTS: The average age was 83 years, 73% female, and 57% of them sustained a femoral neck fracture. In 62.8% of patients, the number of pre-fracture baseline comorbidities was ≥2. The in-hospital mortality rate was 11.4%. In multivariate analysis, age over 90 years, congestive heart failure, asthma, rheumatologic disease, lung cancer, and not taking antiaggregant medication were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. A formula and risk stratification scoring for predicting the risk for in-hospital mortality was developed. Risk-adjustment model based on these variables had acceptable accuracy for predicting in-hospital mortality (c-statistic 0.77). CONCLUSION: Advanced age, and five prefracture comorbidities have a strong association with in-hospital mortality in a hip fracture patient older than 65 years old. Our predictive model was specifically designed for the old hip fracture population. It has an accuracy similar to other risk models. The specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value are high. In addition, it could discriminate a high risk patient from a low risk patient for in-hospital mortality.

Hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement with 10-year minimum follow-up. / Artroscopia de cadera como tratamiento del choque femoroacetabular con seguimiento mínimo de 10 años.

PURPOSE: To determine outcomes after hip arthroscopy (HA) for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) at a minimun 10-year follow up and identified risk factors for revision surgery. METHODS: Retrospective study of a prospective database of patients undergoing HA between January 2010 and December 2011. Rim chondral injuries were evaluated using the acetabular labral articular disruptions system (ALAD). Clinical and radiological data was obtained. Cumulative survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were included in the study. Mean follow-up was 132 months. There was statistically significant improvement from preoperative PROs at latest follow-up. Seventeen patients (23.9%) underwent revision surgery. Odds ratio for revision surgery was 8.08 in a patient above 40 years old, 7.57 in a patient Tönnis greater than 1, and 4.25 in a patient ALAD 2-3. Cumulative survivorship rate at 10 years was 77.8%, with a 45.4% for patients with Tönnis grade greater than 1 in front of 85.2% for patients with Tönnis grade of 1 or less (P<.001). Risk factor for revision surgery was preoperative degree of osteoarthrosis (P=.02). CONCLUSION: Cumulative survivorship rate at 10 years was 45.4% for patients with Tönnis grade greater than 1 in front of 85.2% for patients with Tönnis grade of 1 or less (P<.001). Age, chondral injuries, and degree of osteoarthrosis would increase the risk for revision surgery.

[Translated article] Hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement with 10-year minimum follow-up.

PURPOSE: To determine outcomes after hip arthroscopy (HA) for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) at a minimun 10-year follow up and identified risk factors for revision surgery. METHODS: Retrospective study of a prospective database of patients undergoing HA between January 2010 and December 2011. Rim chondral injuries were evaluated using the acetabular labral articular disruptions system (ALAD). Clinical and radiological data was obtained. Cumulative survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were included in the study. Mean follow-up was 132 months. There was statistically significant improvement from preoperative PROs at latest follow-up. Seventeen patients (23.9%) underwent revision surgery. Odds ratio for revision surgery was 8.08 in a patient above 40 years old, 7.57 in a patient Tönnis greater than 1, and 4.25 in a patient ALAD 2-3. Cumulative survivorship rate at 10 years was 77.8%, with a 45.4% for patients with Tönnis grade greater than 1 in front of 85.2% for patients with Tönnis grade of 1 or less (p<.001). Risk factor for revision surgery was preoperative degree of osteoarthrosis (p=.02). CONCLUSION: Cumulative survivorship rate at 10 years was 45.4% for patients with Tönnis grade greater than 1 in front of 85.2% for patients with Tönnis grade of 1 or less (p<.001). Age, chondral injuries, and degree of osteoarthrosis would increase the risk for revision surgery.

Outcome of 4-strand semitendinosus-gracilis anterior ligament reconstruction in women: A matched-cohort study. / Resultados a 3 años tras técnica de reconstrucción anatómica semitendinoso-recto interno 4 fascículos del ligamento cruzado anterior en las mujeres: estudio de casos y controles.

INTRODUCTION: Women carry out a greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. However, outcomes following ACL reconstruction remain unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes in women following ACL reconstruction and compare these outcomes with men. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of a prospective database of patients treated with ACL reconstruction between January 2017 and December 2018. Outcome measures included Tegner activity scale, Lysholm scale, EVA scale, and IKDC evaluation form. Clinical significance was measured with minimally clinical important difference, and patient acceptable symptom state. RESULTS: A total of 33 women were matched with 99 men. The mean follow-up was 36 months. Women showed significant improvement from preoperative PROs to the latest follow-up, with no differences between groups. In patients under 25 years old, there was less significant IKDC subjective score in women compared to men. There were no significant differences in frequency of patients achieving MCID and PASS in women compared with men. CONCLUSIONS: At 3-year following 4-strand semitendinosus-gracilis anterior ligament reconstruction, women showed significant improvements in PROs, with no differences compared to men.

[Translated article] Three years follow-up outcome of 4-strand semitendinous-gracilis anterior ligament reconstruction in women: A matched-cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Women carry out a greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. However, outcomes following ACL reconstruction remain unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the outcomes in women following ACL reconstruction and compare these outcomes with men. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of a prospective database of patients treated with ACL reconstruction between January 2017 and December 2018. Outcome measures included Tegner activity scale, Lysholm scale, EVA scale, and IKDC evaluation form. Clinical significance was measured with minimally clinical important difference, and patient acceptable symptom state. RESULTS: A total of 33 women were matched with 99 men. The mean follow-up was 36 months. Women showed significant improvement from preoperative PROs to the latest follow-up, with no differences between groups. In patients under 25 years old, there was less significant IKDC subjective score in women compared to men. There were no significant differences in frequency of patients achieving MCID and PASS in women compared with men. CONCLUSIONS: At 3-year following 4-strand semitendinosus-gracilis anterior ligament reconstruction, women showed significant improvements in PROs, with no differences compared to men.

Psychological readiness to return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in amateur sport. / Preparación psicológica para la reincorporación deportiva tras cirugía reconstructiva del ligamento cruzado anterior en el deportista aficionado.

INTRODUCTION: Return to sports (RTS) is maybe the main expectation for the patient after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The aim of this study was to analyze the psychological readiness to RTS in a cohort of amateur sports after ACLR. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of a prospective database of patients treated with ACLR performed between January and December 2017. Psychological readiness to RTS after ACLR was evaluated with the short version of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) scale. RESULTS: A total of 43 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients was 24.7 years. The mean follow-up was 32.5 months. All patients practiced any type of sports at final follow-up. The mean ACL-RSI score was 71.5. Fear of reinjury was mentioned by 14 patients (32.5%). Twenty-four patients (55.8%) pointed out that they did not practice sport at the pre-injury level. The mean ACL-RSI score was statistically significant lower in this group of patients (59.7 vs 87.3; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Fear of reinjury keeps after ACLR. Patients that they did not practice sport at the pre-injury level show lower scores in ACL-RSI for RTS.

[Scientific and research activity and degree of satisfaction of residents of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology in different hospitals of the health network in Spain]. / Actividad científica e investigadora y grado de satisfacción de residentes de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología en diferentes hospitales de la red sanitaria en España.

INTRODUCTION: Healthcare pressure has changed the acquisition of knowledge during residency training. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and research training, and level of satisfaction, during orthopedic and traumatology residency in different hospitals of the Spanish National Health Service. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An online survey was distributed between 06/25/2020 and 07/31/2020. Demographic, institution, clinical and research variables were analyzed. Satisfaction was graded in a scale from 0 to 5. RESULTS: 120 residents answered the survey, having a mean age of 27 years and being 58% male. Distribution of residents by year was 26 R5 (21.7%), 24 R4 (20.0%), 45 R3 (37.5%), 25 R2 (20.9%). Only 37.5% answered that they did not have any clinical activity the next day after medical guard, and 45% answered that they performed clinical activity outside of working hours. A total of 56.7% answered that their orthopedic training program did not include research training. No resident had specific time assigned to research activities. Mean satisfaction value was 2.4 points. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical activity shows aspects incompatible with current legislation. Orthopedic programs need improvements with regard to research training. A significant percentage of residents are unsatisfied with their training.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La presión asistencial ha provocado un desequilibrio hacia la vertiente clínica con respecto a la científica. El propósito del trabajo fue analizar la actividad asistencial e investigadora y el grado de satisfacción en los residentes de cirugía ortopédica y traumatología, en diferentes hospitales de la red sanitaria en España. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Encuesta de ámbito estatal realizada en el período del 25/06/2020 al 31/07/2020. Se analizaron variables demográficas y del servicio, de labores asistencial e investigadora. Se determinó la satisfacción del residente en escala continua de cero a 5. RESULTADOS: 120 médicos haciendo residencia respondieron a la encuesta, rondando una edad media de 27 años y predominio de varones en 58%. La distribución por año de dichos residentes fue de 26 R5 (21.7%), 24 R4 (20.0%), 45 R3 (37.5%), 25 R2 (20.9%). Sólo 37.5% indicaron carecer de labor de tipo asistencial asignada el día siguiente de la guardia y 45% respondieron que realizaban algún papel asistencial fuera del horario laboral del hospital. De esos interrogados, 56.7% contestaron que su plan individual de formación no contemplaba la praxis científica ajustada a su año de residencia como un objetivo a cumplir. Ninguno de ellos tenía tiempo asignado con periodicidad semanal para acciones de investigación. El valor medio del nivel de satisfacción de estos médicos fue de 2.4 puntos. CONCLUSIONES: La actividad asistencial presenta aspectos incompatibles con la legislación actual. Los planes individuales de adiestramiento precisan mejoras con respecto a la ocupación investigadora. Un porcentaje no despreciable de estos estudiantes de posgrado no estaban satisfechos con su plan personal de especialización.

[Results of arthroscopic treatment of rotator cuff rupture in patients over 60 years of age]. / Resultados del tratamiento artroscópico de la rotura del manguito rotador en pacientes mayores de 60 años.

INTRODUCTION: Increasing life expectancies in population increase the number of patients with rotator cuff tears. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes after arthroscopy rotator cuff repair in patients over 60 years old. We hypothesized that shoulder arthroscopy would allow significant improvements in clinical outcomes without serious complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We screened from our shoulder arthroscopy database patients older than 60 years old, with rotator cuff tear, and minimun 2-year follow-up. The patients were evaluated using Constant scores for clinical outcomes and Quick-DASH score for quality of life. RESULTS: In total, 42 patients were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 66.7 years old (range 60 to 83). A double-row repair was indicated in 25 patients (59.5%), and single-row repair in 17 patients (40.5%). As associated injuries we found proximal biceps pathology in 31 patients (48.4%), subscapularis tears in 24 patients (37.5%), and SLAP tears in 3 patients (7.1%). Mean follow-up was 32.4 months. Constant scores improved from 48.3 preoperatively to 87.2 at final follow-up. Quick-DASH decreased from 52.5 preoperatively to 11.0 at final follow-up. DISCUSSION: Arthroscopy cuff repair in patients older than 60 years old provides satisfactory clinical outcomes without morbidity at medium follow-up.

ANTECEDENTES: El aumento de la esperanza de vida de la población incrementa el número de pacientes con patología sintomática del manguito rotador. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar los resultados clínicos de una cohorte de pacientes mayores de 60 años con rotura del manguito rotador intervenidos mediante cirugía artroscópica de hombro (CAH). La hipótesis de trabajo fue que la CAH permitiría resultados clínicos satisfactorios. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: De nuestra base de datos prospectiva de CAH seleccionamos los pacientes con: edad mayor de 60 años, rotura de manguito rotador, seguimiento mínimo de dos años. La valoración clínica se determinó según el test de Constant y el cuestionario Quick-DASH de calidad de vida. RESULTADOS: 42 pacientes con una edad media de 66.7 años (rango de 60 a 83). La rotura del supraespinoso se reparó con sutura en doble fila en 25 pacientes (59.5%) y en fila única en 17 pacientes (40.5%). Lesiones asociadas: lesión de la porción larga del bíceps en 31 pacientes (48.4%), del subescapular en 24 pacientes (37.5%) y lesión tipo SLAP en tres pacientes (7.1%). El seguimiento medio fue de 32.4 meses. La puntuación media en la escala de Constant pasó de 48.3 puntos en el preoperatorio a 87.2 puntos al final del seguimiento. El cuestionario DASH síntomas/discapacidad disminuyó de 52.5 de media a 11.0 al final del seguimiento. DISCUSIÓN: El tratamiento artroscópico de las roturas de manguito rotador en mayores de 60 años permite obtener resultados satisfactorios en los cuestionarios de valoración funcional y calidad de vida a mediano plazo.

Comparative cohort study of the SuperPath approach and the conventional posterior approach in primary cementless hip replacement surgery. / Estudio de cohortes comparativo del abordaje Superpath con abordaje convencional posterior en cirugía protésica primaria de cadera no cementada: curva de aprendizaje y resultados a corto plazo.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is no current consensus on the most suitable hip approach. However, there is a trend to reduce damage to soft tissue, which may have an influence on early outcomes. The SuperPath approach accesses the capsule maintaining integrity of the external rotators. The purpose of this study was to compare the SuperPath approach with the conventional posterior approach, in terms of early outcomes and radiological results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cohort of 30 patients operated using the SuperPath approach was prospectively matched for age, gender, body mass index and hip function with 60 patients operated using a conventional posterior approach. Clinical evaluation was performed by the Harris score, Merle d'Aubigné score, reduced Western Ontario and McMasters Universities (WOMAC), Short-Form 12 (SF12), IHOT-ADV and IHOT-12 questionnaires. Radiological evaluation was also performed. RESULTS: Preoperatively, no significant differences were detected between cohorts. Skin-to-skin operation time and blood loss was higher in the SuperPath cohort. Length of stay was similar between cohorts. Clinical evaluation improved significantly from the preoperative values to the 1-year follow-up. At 3 months the SuperPath cohort showed better results for IHOT-12, and at 12 months for SF. Radiologically, there were no differences between cohorts. CONCLUSION: This prospective randomized study reveals that the learning curve for the SuperPath approach provides similar outcomes to the conventional posterior approach within the first year after surgery. The Superpath approach was associated with longer skin-to-skin operation time, and greater blood loss.

Arthroscopic hip surgery with a microfracture procedure of acetabular full-thickness chondral damage. Cohort study with a 3-year follow-up. / Tratamiento artroscópico mediante microfracturas de la lesión cartilaginosa acetabular de espesor completo. Estudio de cohortes con seguimiento medio a 3 años.

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE: Management of injuries to the articular cartilage is complex and challenging. Our purpose was to assess outcomes of a cohort of patients who underwent hip arthroscopy with full-thickness chondral damage treated with microfracture and compare these outcomes with those from a similar cohort of patients who did not. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We prospectively gathered the data of 31 hips treated with microfracture from January 2009 to January 2016. In the cohort of hips without chondral damage there were 49 hips. All patients were assessed pre- and postoperatively with 4 patient-reported outcome instruments. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 36.2 months in the cohort of patients with full-thickness chondral damage, and 36.6 months in the cohort of patients without chondral damage. Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in all patient-reported outcome instruments between preoperative and final follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference between both cohorts at final follow-up. DISCUSSION: This study showed that patients undergoing microfracture during hip arthroscopy had significant improvement in all patient-reported outcome instruments during follow-up. The greatest improvement was noted at 6 months postoperatively. Both groups showed no significant difference in final patient-reported outcome instruments scores.

Risk-factors for surgical delay following hip fracture. / Factores de riesgo para la demora quirúrgica en la fractura de cadera.

OBJECTIVE: To identify pre-operative risk factors for surgical delay of more than 2 days after admission in patients older than 65 years with a hip fracture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted on 180 hip fractures in patients older than 65 years of age admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to April 2016. The data recorded included, patient demographics, day of admission, pre-fracture comorbidities, mental state, level of mobility and physical function, type of fracture, antiaggregant and anticoagulant medication, pre-operative haemoglobin value, type of treatment, and surgical delay. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 83.7 years. The mean Charlson Index was 2.8. The pre-fracture baseline co-morbidities were equal or greater than 2 in 70% of cases. Mean timing of surgery was 3.1 days. At the time of admission, 122 (67.7%) patients were fit for surgery, of which 80 (44.4%) underwent surgery within 2 days. A Charlson index greater than 2, anticoagulant therapy, and admission on Thursday to Saturday, were independently associated with a surgical delay greater than 2 days. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of hip fracture patients undergoing surgery within 2 days is low. Risk factors associated to surgical delay are non-modifiable. However, their knowledge should allow the development of protocols that can reduce surgical delay in this group of patients.

Risk factors for in-hospital mortality following hip fracture. / Factores de riesgo de mortalidad intrahospitalaria en la fractura proximal de fémur.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and quantify the risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients older than 65 years with a hip fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. We studied a cohort of 331 hip fracture patients older than 65 years of age admitted to our hospital from 2011 to 2014. Patients demographics, type of residence, physical function, mobility, prefracture comorbidities data, cognitive status, anti-aggregant and anticoagulant medication, preoperative haemoglobin value, type of fracture, type of treatment, surgical delay, and complications, were recorded. RESULTS: The average age was 83, 73% female, and 57% had sustained a subcapital fracture. In 62.8% pre-fracture baseline co-morbidities were equal or greater than 2. The in-hospital mortality rate was 11.4%. In univariate analysis, age over 90, male gender, haemoglobin ≤ 10g/dl, no antiplatelet agents, orthopaedic treatment, number of co-morbidities≥2, Charlson index≥2, age-adjusted Charlson index≥6, congestive heart failure, asthma, rheumatologic disease, were associated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative patient-related factors have a strong relationship with in-hospital mortality in a hip fracture patients aged older than 65 years. These factors are non-modifiable; we recommend the development of protocols to reduce in-hospital mortality in this group of patients.

Tönnis stage 0 and 1 acetabular rim cartilage injuries: Incidence, grade, location and associated pre-surgical factors. / Lesión cartilaginosa del reborde acetabular en estadios Tönnis 0 y 1: incidencia, grado, localización y factores preoperatorios asociados.

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE: Articular cartilage lesions have a direct effect on the success of surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate, location, grade, and factors associated with acetabular rim articular cartilage lesions in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted by analysing the intraoperative data of 152 hips in 122 patients treated with hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement from January 2011 to May 2016. The prevalence rate, location, and grade were calculated, as well as the pre-operative factors associated with acetabular rim articular cartilage lesions. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 38.6 years. The Tönnis grade was 0 in 103 hips, and 1 in 52 hips. Acetabular rim articular cartilage lesions were present in 109 (70.3%) hips. The location of the lesions was superior-anterior. Independent risk factors for the presence of acetabular rim articular cartilage lesions were an alpha-angle equal or greater than 55°, duration of symptoms equal or greater than 20 months, and Tegner activity scale level equal or greater than 6. DISCUSSION: Although patients were classified as Tönnis grade 0 and 1, and 3tesla MRI reported acetabular lesions in 1.3% of cases, there was a high frequency of acetabular rim cartilage lesions. Knowledge of the independent risk factors associated with acetabular rim articular cartilage lesions may assist the orthopaedic surgeon with the decision to perform hip arthroscopy.

[Post-traumatic elbow stiffness: arthroscopic release, short-term results]. / Rigidez postraumática de codo: resultados a corto plazo de la artrólisis artroscópica.

BACKGROUND: Open «arthrolysis¼ has been the standard treatment for elbow stiffness, with good results. However, the associated complications of open arthrolysis and the advancements in arthroscopic surgery have allowed including the latter as an additional approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between January 2014 and March 2016, 6 patients with posttraumatic elbow stiffness underwent arthroscopic surgery by the same surgical team. Pre- and post-operative assessment included pain with a numerical visual analogue scale, elbow joint range of motion with a goniometer and the Mayo Elbow Performance Index questionnaire. RESULTS: Mean patient follow-up was 14.5 months. The mean VAS score decreased from 4.5 to 0.3. The mean elbow range of motion increased from 55.3o to 130o, with a mean gain of 75o. The mean MEPI questionnaire score went from 46.6 to 95, with a mean gain of 48.4 points. The procedures associated with arthroscopic «arthrolysis¼ included removal of the synthesis material from the 3 olecranon fractures. No cases of heterotopic ossification, superficial infection or ulnar neuropathy were reported. None of the patients required surgical reintervention to perform a new «arthrolysis¼, whether arthroscopic or open. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic release to treat posttraumatic elbow stiffness is an effective technique to restore mobility in the short term.

ANTECEDENTES: La «artrólisis¼ abierta ha sido el tratamiento estándar en la rigidez de codo, con buenos resultados; sin embargo, las complicaciones asociadas y los avances en la cirugía artroscópica han permitido incorporar esta técnica quirúrgica. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Entre Enero de 2014 y Marzo de 2016, seis pacientes con rigidez postraumática de codo fueron intervenidos mediante cirugía artroscópica por el mismo equipo quirúrgico. Se registró pre- y postoperatoriamente, el nivel de dolor según escala analógica visual numérica, rango de movilidad articular del codo con el uso de un goniómetro y cuestionario Mayo Elbow Performance Index. RESULTADOS: El seguimiento medio de los pacientes fue de 14.5 meses. El valor medio en la escala analógica visual disminuyó de 4.5 a 0.3 puntos. El rango medio de movilidad del codo se incrementó de 55.3o a 130o, con una ganancia media de 75o. La puntuación media en el cuestionario MEPI pasó de 46.6 puntos a 95 puntos, con una ganancia media de 48.4 puntos. Como procedimientos asociados a la «artrólisis¼ artroscópica se realizó extracción del material de síntesis en las tres fracturas de olécranon. No hubo ningún caso de osificación heterotópica, infección superficial o neuropatía cubital. Ningún paciente precisó reintervención quirúrgica para una nueva «artrólisis¼ artroscópica o abierta. CONCLUSIONES: La liberación artroscópica en la rigidez postraumática de codo es una técnica efectiva a corto plazo para recuperar la movilidad.

[Single intravenous tranexamic acid dose to reduce blood loss in primary total knee replacement]. / Dosis única intravenosa de ácido tranexámico como medida de ahorro transfusional en prótesis total primaria de rodilla.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a single intravenous dose of tranexamic acid in order to reduce blood loss in total knee replacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective observational study of the administration of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty from November 2013 to February 2015, in which an autologous blood recovery system was used. The study included 98 patients, distributed into two groups of 49 patients according to whether or not they received intravenous tranexamic acid. The primary endpoint was the number of patients requiring autologous transfusion from the recovery system autologous blood recovery system. RESULTS: No drop-outs were recorded during follow-up. There were no significant differences between groups as regards the preoperative and hospital variables. The mean preoperative haemoglobin and haematocrit at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively were similar in both groups. The average volume of bleeding in the autologous blood recovery system and estimated average blood loss was lower in patients who had been administered tranexamic acid, with significant differences. No patients in the group that was administered tranexamic acid required blood autotransfusion. The transfusion rate was zero in the two groups. No adverse events related to the administration of tranexamic acid were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous administration of tranexamic acid, according to the described protocol, has presented a non-autotransfusion or allo-transfusion rate of 100%, with no increased incidence of thrombotic events. Thus, its use in this group of patients is recommended. The indication should be individualized, its use justified in the patient medical records, and informed consent is mandatory.

[Risk factors for total hip arthroplasty dislocation and its functional outcomes]. / Factores de riesgo de luxación de artroplastia total de cadera primaria y su resultado funcional.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate risk factors for dislocation after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), and its functional outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 22 cases with dislocation and 431 controls without dislocation, all performed with lateral access. The data were collected prospectively with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Patient related factors, from primary surgery, and position of components on simple radiographs were analyzed. Harris and Merle D'Aubigné hip scores, and short Womac questionnaire were used. RESULTS: Demographic, patient-related or surgical technique factors were not risk predictors of dislocation. With regard to position of components, an acetabular abduction >50° (p = 0.003) and anteversion lower or higher than 10°- 20° (p = 0.044) were risk factors. Controls and dislocation treated conservatively had similar outcomes, and in both were better than in those treated with surgical revision (p = 0.03). DISCUSSION: Factors relating to the patient and soft tissues status may influence the stability of the arthroplasty, but malposition of the acetabular component seems to be the most important and common risk factor for dislocation.

Anti-platelet drugs in patients with femoral neck fractures undergoing cemented hip hemiarthroplasty surgery. A study of complications and mortality.

OBJECTIVE: To assess complications and factors predicting one-year mortality in patients on antiplatelet agents presenting with femoral neck fractures undergoing hip hemiarthroplasty surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review was made on 50 patients on preoperative antiplatelet agents and 83 patients without preoperative antiplatelet agents. Patients in both groups were treated with cemented hip hemiarthroplasty. A statistical comparison was performed using epidemiological data, comorbidities, mental state, complications and mortality. There was no lost to follow-up. RESULTS: The one-year mortality was 20.3%. In patients without preoperative antiplatelet agents it was 14.4% and in patients with preoperative antiplatelet agents was 30%. Age, ASA grade, number of comorbidities and antiplatelet agent therapy were predictors of one-year mortality. The one-year mortality of patients on clopidogrel was 46.1%, versus 24.3% in patients on acetylsalicylic acid. CONCLUSION: Patients with preoperative antiplatelet therapy were older and had greater number of comorbidities, ASA grade, delayed surgery, and a longer length of stay than patients without antiplatelet therapy. The one-year mortality was higher in patients with preoperative antiplatelet therapy.

Resultados del tratamiento artroscópico de la rotura del manguito rotador en pacientes mayores de 60 años / Results of arthroscopic treatment of rotator cuff rupture in patients over 60 years of age

Resumen: Antecedentes: El aumento de la esperanza de vida de la población incrementa el número de pacientes con patología sintomática del manguito rotador. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar los resultados clínicos de una cohorte de pacientes mayores de 60 años con rotura del manguito rotador intervenidos mediante cirugía artroscópica de hombro (CAH). La hipótesis de trabajo fue que la CAH permitiría resultados clínicos satisfactorios. Material y métodos: De nuestra base de datos prospectiva de CAH seleccionamos los pacientes con: edad mayor de 60 años, rotura de manguito rotador, seguimiento mínimo de dos años. La valoración clínica se determinó según el test de Constant y el cuestionario Quick-DASH de calidad de vida. Resultados: 42 pacientes con una edad media de 66.7 años (rango de 60 a 83). La rotura del supraespinoso se reparó con sutura en doble fila en 25 pacientes (59.5%) y en fila única en 17 pacientes (40.5%). Lesiones asociadas: lesión de la porción larga del bíceps en 31 pacientes (48.4%), del subescapular en 24 pacientes (37.5%) y lesión tipo SLAP en tres pacientes (7.1%). El seguimiento medio fue de 32.4 meses. La puntuación media en la escala de Constant pasó de 48.3 puntos en el preoperatorio a 87.2 puntos al final del seguimiento. El cuestionario DASH síntomas/discapacidad disminuyó de 52.5 de media a 11.0 al final del seguimiento. Discusión: El tratamiento artroscópico de las roturas de manguito rotador en mayores de 60 años permite obtener resultados satisfactorios en los cuestionarios de valoración funcional y calidad de vida a mediano plazo.

Abstract: Introduction: Increasing life expectancies in population increase the number of patients with rotator cuff tears. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes after arthroscopy rotator cuff repair in patients over 60 years old. We hypothesized that shoulder arthroscopy would allow significant improvements in clinical outcomes without serious complications. Material and methods: We screened from our shoulder arthroscopy database patients older than 60 years old, with rotator cuff tear, and minimun 2-year follow-up. The patients were evaluated using Constant scores for clinical outcomes and Quick-DASH score for quality of life. Results: In total, 42 patients were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 66.7 years old (range 60 to 83). A double-row repair was indicated in 25 patients (59.5%), and single-row repair in 17 patients (40.5%). As associated injuries we found proximal biceps pathology in 31 patients (48.4%), subscapularis tears in 24 patients (37.5%), and SLAP tears in 3 patients (7.1%). Mean follow-up was 32.4 months. Constant scores improved from 48.3 preoperatively to 87.2 at final follow-up. Quick-DASH decreased from 52.5 preoperatively to 11.0 at final follow-up. Discussion: Arthroscopy cuff repair in patients older than 60 years old provides satisfactory clinical outcomes without morbidity at medium follow-up.

[Cementless total hip arthroplasty after acute femoral neck fracture in active patients. Prospective matched study with a minimum follow-up of 5 years]. / Artroplastia total de cadera no cementada tras fractura cervical femoral aguda en pacientes activos. Estudio prospectivo emparejado con seguimiento mínimo de 5 años.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate outcomes of cementless total hip replacement after acute femoral neck fracture in active patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective matched study was conducted to compare the results between 76 patients with fractures and 76 patients with osteoarthritis. The Harris score, short-WOMAC and SF-12 were used for the clinical assessment. The mean follow-up was 7.3 years (range 5-11). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in medical or surgical complications between the 2 groups. Functional outcomes were similar, but more walking aids were used in fracture group. There were 6 revisions among the fractures group (one dislocation, 2 deep infections, 3 aseptic loosening), and 2 aseptic loosening among controls. There was no significant difference in arthroplasty survival at 10 years (88.7 vs. 96.1%, P=.15). The mortality rates at 2 and 10 years were similar. CONCLUSION: Cementless total hip replacement for treatment of acute femoral neck fracture showed similar results to those of elective surgery for osteoarthritis in these selected patients.