The beneficial effects of transitional care for patients with stroke: A meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Transitional care interventions have emerged as a promising method of ensuring treatment continuity and health care coordination when patients are discharged from hospital to home. However, few studies have investigated the frequency and duration of interventions and the effects of interventions on physical function. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the efficacy of transitional care for patients with stroke. METHODS: Six databases and the grey literature were searched to obtain relevant articles from October 1, 2022 to March 10, 2023. The primary outcomes studied were motor performance, walking speed, activities of daily living (ADLs) and caregiver burden following hospital-to-home transitional care. The quality of the studies was assessed with Cochrane risk of bias version 2. The quality and sensitivity of the evidence were assessed to ensure rigour of the findings. Meta-analyses were performed using stata 17.0. RESULTS: A total of 2966 patients were identified from 23 studies. Transitional care improved post-stroke motor performance, walking speed and ADLs, and reduced caregiver burden. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that provision of transitional care model implementation in patients with stroke is important because it reduces disability in stroke patients and helps to decrease caregivers' burden. IMPACT: The findings of the study emphasize the importance of transitional care programmes for stroke patients after they are discharged from the hospital and returned to their homes. To meet the needs of patients, all levels of health professionals including nurses should be aware of the discharge process and care plan.

Efficacy of serious games for chronic pain management in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To synthesise and appraise the evidence of the efficacy of serious games in reducing chronic pain among older adults. BACKGROUND: Chronic pain in older adults generally results in a substantial handicap due to decreased mobility, exercise avoidance and various concerns that affect their overall quality of life. While serious games have been widely used as a pain management approach, no reviews have thoroughly examined their efficacy for chronic pain management in older adult populations. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: The CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PubMed and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched to find articles published from their inception until 17 April 2023. RoB-2 was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The efficacy of serious games for pain management in older individuals was investigated using pooled standardised mean differences (SMDs) in pain reduction using a random effect model. RESULTS: The meta-analysis comprised nine randomised controlled trials that included 350 older adult patients with pain. Serious games effectively alleviated pain in this group (pooled SMD = -0.62; 95% confidence interval: -1.15 to -0.10), although pain-related disability and fear require further investigation. CONCLUSIONS: Serious games tended to effectively reduce pain in this older adult group; however, due to a lack of randomised controlled trials, the analysis found lower effectiveness in reducing pain-related disability and fear. Further studies are accordingly required to confirm these findings. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The findings of the study emphasise the importance of serious games to increase the motivation of older adults to exercise as one of the safe and extensively used pain management strategies. Serious games that effectively reduce chronic pain in older adults are characterised as consisting of diverse physical activities delivered through consoles, computer-based activities and other technologies. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTIONS: Serious games are recommended as being potentially useful and practical for reducing pain in older adults.

A meta-analysis of mindfulness-based interventions for improving mental health and burden among caregivers of persons living with dementia.

BACKGROUND: Mindfulness-based interventions are becoming increasingly popular and are effective in lowering depressive symptoms and caregiver burden. However, the overall efficacy of therapies in stress and anxiety management is unreported, and no study to date has performed a subgroup analysis to investigate the intervention dose response of outcomes. AIMS: To quantitatively identify the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for caregivers of persons living with dementia. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of six databases was undertaken from the date of inception to June 18, 2023. The DerSimonian-Laird model with random effects was used to examine the overall effect and its heterogeneity in the studies. Version 2 of the risk of bias (RoB 2) tool was employed to analyze the publication bias of each randomized study. Funnel and forest plots were created to represent the findings. RESULTS: Thirteen randomized trials were included in the meta-analysis. Mindfulness-based interventions significantly reduced stress and anxiety of caregivers of persons living with dementia. In addition, interventions provided for ≥8 weeks were beneficial in reducing depression in caregivers. However, mindfulness-based interventions did not offer significant benefits in reducing depression or caregiver burden immediately after the intervention. CONCLUSION: Mindfulness-based interventions have the potential to help caregivers of people living with dementia. This study could be used as a model for future research into and implementation of mindfulness-based therapies for caregivers. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: Mindfulness-based therapies appear to alleviate stress and anxiety but are ineffective in reducing depression and burden in caregivers of persons living with dementia. Well-designed RCTs with more rigorous methodology and a larger sample size should be conducted to firm the conclusion of the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for caregivers of persons living with dementia.

A meta-analysis of person-centered care interventions for improving health outcomes in persons living with dementia.

BACKGROUND: Person-centered care emphasizes the importance of valuing and supporting the humanness of a person living with dementia as compared to focusing heavily on disease symptom management and treatment. The state of the evidence and outcomes from person-centered care is unclear and is an important knowledge gap to address informed evidence-based care for persons living with dementia. AIMS: To synthesize the evidence on the efficacy of person-centered care in improving health outcomes in people living with dementia. METHODS: Our search using the following databases: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, COCHRANE library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The methodology quality of the included studies was assessed using a revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Meta-analyses were performed using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model to investigate the effectiveness of person-centered care on improving health outcomes in persons living with dementia. RESULTS: Seventeen trials were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Person-centered care implementation was found to improve cognitive function (pooled SMD: 0.22; 9CRD420223808975% CI [0.04, 0.41], p = .02) in persons living with dementia, although outcomes including the impact of the care model on activities of daily living, agitation, depression, and quality of life remain inconclusive. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: Person-centered care improves the cognitive function of persons living with dementia, which is clinically meaningful and should not be ignored or overlooked in delivering evidence-based care to this population. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of person-centered care implementation among people living with dementia as an approach in improving health outcomes particularly on cognitive function improvement. Person-centered care emphasizes the personhood of individuals living with dementia while respecting their needs, values, and beliefs and is identified as a preferred model of delivering dementia care in all settings as a non-pharmacological approach.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Effects of Nurse-Led Intervention for People With Dementia.

BACKGROUND: Nurses' primary role in clinical settings for persons living with dementia is to lessen the strain of dementia on daily life, monitor comorbidities, and manage medications. However, no comprehensive literature review has investigated the effectiveness of nurse-led interventions for persons living with dementia. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of nurse-led dementia interventions and provide an extended range of outcomes related to cognitive function, depression, and quality of life. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of six databases was conducted from database inception to August 10, 2022. Methodologies were evaluated, followed by a pooled analysis using random effects models to explain the effects of nurse-led dementia interventions on patients. RESULTS: Nurse-led interventions were more effective than standard care in alleviating depression and improving quality of life. However, they did not enhance cognitive performance. DISCUSSION: Nurse-led interventions for dementia alleviate depression and improve quality of life. However, because of lack of randomized controlled trials, the analysis found less effectiveness in improving cognitive function. Therefore, further trials are needed to corroborate these findings.

Effects of technology-assisted interventions for people with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: The use of technology-assisted interventions in dementia care contributes to increased communication, reduced burden on the caregivers, improved health outcomes, and improved expense management. Technology-assisted interventions can be provided remotely to monitor, improve, and enable home care, benefiting the health of both patients and caregivers. Despite increasing use, the effectiveness of technology-assisted interventions for dementia care remains uncertain, with studies reporting inconclusive findings subject to interpretation. Therefore, the current study investigated the available evidence to explore the efficacy of technology-assisted interventions for people with dementia. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: The study was preregistered with the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-guided protocol. The primary search was conducted in eight databases from database inception to January 29, 2022. Using a random-effects model, the standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were synthesized to obtain pooled effect sizes (using Stata 16.0). The updated Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool (RoB-2) was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. FINDINGS: A pooled analysis of 12 trials, including 584 people with dementia, showed more improvement associated with technology-assisted interventions compared with standard care, including in the domains of cognitive function (SMD = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.64; p < 0.001) and depression (SMD = -0.75; 95% CI: -1.33 to -0.17; p = 0.01). However, no significant effects were observed for activities of daily living (ADL) or quality of life. CONCLUSION: Technology-assisted interventions appear to improve cognitive function and reduce depression in people with dementia compared with standard care. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study may be used to demonstrate that interventions incorporating many modalities or technologies can be used to enhance dementia care, which may improve favorable outcomes when using technology-assisted interventions to remotely initiate appropriate activities for people with dementia. Because technology allows for simultaneous communication and access to shared multimedia, it removes environmental constraints and allows treatment to be administered remotely.

A meta-analysis of studies of the effects of case management intervention for stroke survivors across three countries.

PURPOSE: A stroke survivor who is discharged to home care faces many challenges during the transition from the hospital to home, including managing their care at home and engaging in rehabilitation and recovery. Case management was developed to ease the transition from hospital to home and help people with stroke cope with their care management challenges. However, the effects of case management intervention remain inconclusive. Case management was designed to direct care and may represent a novel method for reducing the burden of care. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of case management interventions on mental health outcomes, activities of daily living capacity, physical function, and social function among stroke survivors. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: This study included studies examining the impacts of case management interventions for stroke survivors that were published in English and identified by searching eight databases, from database inception to February 20, 2022. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to pool effect sizes using a random-effects model (in Stata 16.0). The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB-2) was used to assess the methodological quality of each study. FINDINGS: The inclusion criteria were satisfied by eight studies (including a total of 1119 stroke survivors). Case management had positive effects on mental health (SMD: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.45, p = 0.001) and activities of daily living (SMD: 0.68; 95% CI: 00.37 to 0.99, p < 0.001). However, no significant effects were observed for either physical function or social function. CONCLUSION: Case management appears to enhance the mental health and activities of daily living among stroke survivors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Case management interventions hold promise as efficient, cost-effective, and accessible strategies to positively influence care for stroke survivors. This intervention strategy could be applied to the hospital-to-home transition to guide care among this population.

Efficacy of Robots-Assisted Therapy in Patients With Stroke: A Meta-analysis Update.

BACKGROUND: Robot-assisted therapy (RAT) could address an unmet need to relieve the strain on healthcare providers and intensify treatment in the context of an increasing stroke incidence. A comprehensive meta-analysis could provide firmer data about the topic by considering methodology limitations discovered in previous reviews and providing more rigorous evidence. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis study identifies RAT's efficacy for patients with stroke. METHODS: A systematic search of the 7 databases from January 10 to February 1, 2022, located relevant publications. We used the updated Cochrane risk-of-bias checklist for 52 trials to assess the methodologic quality of the included studies. The efficacy of RAT for patients with stroke was estimated using a pooled random-effects model in the Stata 16 software application. RESULTS: The final analysis included 2774 patients with stroke from 52 trials. In those patients, RAT was proven to improve quality of movement (mean difference, 0.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.28) and to reduce balance disturbances (mean difference, -1.28; 95% confidence interval, -2.48 to -0.09) and pain (standardized mean difference, -0.34; 95% confidence interval, -0.58 to -0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Robot-assisted therapy seems to improve the quality of mobility and reduce balance disturbances and pain for patients with stroke. These findings will help develop advanced rehabilitation robots and could improve health outcomes by facilitating health services for healthcare providers and patients with stroke.

Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce pain in people with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To identify the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions designed to reduce pain in people with dementia. BACKGROUND: Pain is prevalent among patients with dementia but frequently remains untreated. Although non-pharmacological interventions have been used to reduce pain in people with dementia, the efficacy of these interventions for pain management in people with dementia has not been thoroughly synthesised. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: The study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and Cochrane criteria for systematic reviews. A comprehensive search was performed using the Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, OVID and Web of Science databases, from databases inception to 13 March 2022. The modified Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (ROB-2) was used to evaluate the methodological quality of each included study. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were synthesised using a random-effects model to assess the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions for reducing pain in people with dementia (using Stata 16.0). RESULTS: The final analysis assessed 12 studies, including 989 persons with dementia. Non-pharmacological interventions were found to reduce pain in 4-8 weeks after the interventions (SMD: -0.32; 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.02). However, the effects of intervention frequency and patient age remain unknown. CONCLUSIONS: Non-pharmacological interventions are effective for reducing pain in people with dementia. Further investigations remain necessary to explore the effectiveness of specific non-pharmacological therapies for pain reduction in people with dementia (e.g. aromatherapy, play activity, singing or robotic care). RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The findings of this study can guide healthcare practitioners when considering the use of non-pharmacological pain management methods for people with dementia and may improve the implementation of these methods in clinical practice. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTIONS: The study suggests non-pharmacological interventions to reduce pain and underlines the relevance of health provider's viewpoints. The types, duration and length of follow-up of non-pharmacological interventions can be offered based on patient's conditions and the standard of clinical practice.

Effects of telehealth-assisted interventions for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Telehealth-assisted interventions have been used as secondary prevention measures in cardiac rehabilitation, especially for the delivery of information between healthcare service providers and patients. However, as the application of this intervention modality broadens, investigation of its effects in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is necessary. AIMS: To identify the effectiveness of telehealth-assisted interventions for secondary prevention of CVD. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: The PRISMA protocol was used to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. The full text of articles was obtained from six databases for the period from database establishment to 25 November 2021. To assess the methodological quality of the studies reviewed, the updated Cochrane risk-of-bias checklist for randomised trials was employed. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to calculate the pooled effects of telehealth-assisted interventions for secondary CVD prevention. RESULTS: The final analysis included 4012 individuals from 18 different trials. Telehealth-assisted interventions were shown to improve medication adherence (standardised mean difference [SMD]: 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33-0.59) and reduce depression (SMD: -0.28; 95% CI: -0.46 to -0.10). CONCLUSIONS: Telehealth-assisted interventions appear to improve adherence to medication and reduce depression of individuals with CVD. These intervention strategies could be offered to both healthcare providers and individuals with CVD as an option in delivering and facilitating the use of health services to improve health behaviours and overall outcomes. Furthermore, this study may be used as guidance for future research to provide an appropriate plan of care for this population. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The findings imply that the delivery of care remotely via telehealth-assisted interventions for secondary prevention of CVD is beneficial in improving CVD survivors' health and access to healthcare services. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The International Prospective Register of Systematic Review: (PROSPERO): CRD 42021290111.

Effects of art therapy for people with mild or major neurocognitive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of non-pharmacological, interactive, and emotional art therapy interventions for patients with mild neurocognitive disorder (mild NCD) or major neurocognitive disorder (MNCD). METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis assessed English-language literature published from January 1, 2001, to August 22, 2021, and indexed in CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. People with mild NCD or MNCD who received art therapy were classified as the intervention group. Study quality was assessed using the Risk of Bias (RoB) 2 and the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. RESULTS: Among nine included studies, depression was significantly reduced as compared with control groups (Cohen's d = -0.52 [95 % CI = -0.99-0.05], p < 0.001, I2 = 62.90 %) but not cognitive function or quality of life. CONCLUSION: People with mild neurocognitive disorder or MNCD are encouraged to engage in art therapy delivered by art therapists collaborating with healthcare providers. The effects of specific types of art therapy should be explored. PRACTICAL IMPLICATION: Healthcare providers should be encouraged to provide art therapy designed to reduce depression in patients with mild NCD or MNCD.

Effects of telehealth intervention for people with dementia and their carers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.

PURPOSE: Interventions delivered using telehealth modalities are becoming standard practice with patient populations around the world, partly because of innovation necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic and partly due to improved infrastructure and comfort of providers, patients, and families, through technology. Though increasingly utilized, the effectiveness of telehealth interventions with families with dementia remains unclear. This gives rise to the need for investigation to develop telehealth interventions that are evidence based and not merely convenient tools. This current study is designed to systematically examine the impact and effectiveness of telehealth-delivered psychoeducational and behavioral interventions among persons with dementia and their caregivers. DESIGN: The design combines systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A total of eight databases were electronically accessed and searched as of November 16, 2021. Experimental studies identifying the results of telehealth interventions for persons with dementia and associated caregivers published in English have been reviewed in this study. Standardized mean differences (SMD) offering 95% confidence intervals (CI) were developed to pool the effect size using a random effects model (in this case, Stata 16.0). The Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB-2) was used to analyze the study's methodological soundness. FINDINGS: Nineteen cases met the eligibility criteria (including 1379 persons with dementia and 1339 caregivers). Overall, telehealth interventions demonstrated effects in the expected directions on depression (SMD -0.63; 95% degree of confidence intervals (CI) -0.88 to -0.38, p < 0.001); and caregivers' perceived competency (SMD 0.27; 95% CI -0.05 to 0.50, p = 0.02). There were, however, no statistically significant effects observed on cognitive function or multiple aspects of quality of life for subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Telehealth interventions appear to effect a reduction in depression among persons diagnosed with dementia while improving the perceived competency of caregivers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The study's results could be used as evidence of the effectiveness of using telehealth for persons with dementia and their caregivers, including contextualizing where they are used (i.e., long-term care facilities, private homes, etc.), understanding the mechanisms in play (including intervention delivery and systems), and isolating and identifying mediating influences.

Global prevalence of stigmatization and violence against healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: During COVID-19, stigmatization and violence against and between professional healthcare workers worldwide are increasing. Understanding the prevalence of such stigmatization and violence is needed for gaining a complete picture of this issue. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to update estimates of the prevalence of stigmatization and violence against healthcare workers during the pandemic. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. METHODS: This review followed PRISMA guidelines and encompassed these databases: PubMed, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Web of Science, MEDLINE Complete, OVID (UpToDate), and Embase (from databases inception to September 15, 2021). We included observational studies and evaluated the quality of the study using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Further, a random effects model was used to synthesis the pooled prevalence of stigmatization and violence in this study. FINDINGS: We identified 14 studies involving 3452 doctors, 5738 nurses, and 2744 allied health workers that reported stigmatization and violence during the pandemic. The pooled prevalence was, for stigmatization, 43% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21% to 65%) and, for violence, 42% (95% CI: 30% to 54%). CONCLUSIONS: Stigmatization and violence during the COVID-19 pandemic were found to have affected almost half the studied healthcare workers. Healthcare professionals are more prone to be stigmatized by the community and to face workplace violence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Health administrators and policymakers should anticipate and promptly address stigmatization and violence against and between healthcare workers, while controlling the spread of COVID-19. Health care systems should give serious attention to the mental health of all health providers.

Effects of telehealth interventions on performing activities of daily living and maintaining balance in stroke survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled studies.

BACKGROUND: Stroke is one of the most common causes of disability worldwide. In recent years, diverse telehealth programmes for stroke survivors have suggested that this mode of rehabilitation could improve stroke survivors' abilities to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and maintain balance. Although increasingly utilised in clinical and community settings, the effectiveness of telehealth interventions in stroke survivors remains inconclusive. This warrants investigation so that telehealth interventions are evidence-based and are not merely modalities of convenience. AIM: To identify the effects of telehealth interventions on the ability to perform ADLs and maintain balance in stroke survivors. DESIGN: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using seven databases for literature dated up to April 25, 2021. The revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to calculate the pooled effects of telehealth interventions. Stata 16.0 was used for the statistical analyses. RESULTS: A total of 14 studies with 1,367 participants were included in the analysis. Overall, telehealth interventions were effective in improving stroke survivors' abilities to carry out their ADLs (standardised mean difference: .45; 95% confidence interval: .12 to .78); however, no significant effects were found on balance. CONCLUSION: Telehealth interventions are beneficial for improving stroke survivors' performance of their ADLs. Future telehealth intervention trials should focus on identifying essential intervention delivery components that facilitate intervention adoption by clinicians and stroke survivors and sustain the positive effects on stroke survivors' performance of their ADLs in different settings. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: It is essential to build flexibility in the telehealth-based intervention delivery protocol to meet individual stroke survivors' needs to motivate and enhance their ADL performance.

Effects of animal-assisted interventions for people with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) are non-pharmacological, cost-effective interventions developed to improve outcomes in patients with dementia; however, the effects remain inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of AAIs for people with dementia. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed of English-language literature published from January 1, 2001, to July 3,2021, and indexed in the following databases: CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and PsycINFO. Intervention groups were people with dementia who received AAIs. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Among 10 included studies, significant differences in depression levels were identified between the intervention and control groups (p < 0.001). No significant differences in cognitive function, neuropsychiatric syndrome, or independence in activities of daily living were observed between groups. Future research remains necessary to examine the effects of AAIs on depression during different stages of dementia. AAIs therapists may collaborate with healthcare workers to improve AAIs benefits.

Effects of robotic care interventions for dementia care: A systematic review and meta-analysis randomised controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: The role of robotic care has been studied because it may be a care option applicable to dementia care. However, the effects of robotic care in dementia care are still inconclusive. AIM: To explore the span of the effects of robotic care intervention among patients with dementia. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: This study searched systematically using the following databases: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed, SocINDEX, UpToDate (OVID) and Web of Science. The eligibility criteria were patients with dementia, randomised controlled trials and publications in English. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality in the included studies. The meta-analysis was performed using a fixed-effects model to calculate the pooled effects of robotic care interventions. STATA 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. The results are reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies met the eligibility criteria and included 1684 participants. Overall, the robotic care interventions had positive effects on agitation (SMD = 0.09; 95% CI [-0.22-0.33]), anxiety (SMD = -0.07; 95% CI [-0.42-0.28]), cognitive function (SMD = 0.16; 95% CI [-0.08-0.40]), depression (SMD = -0.35; 95% CI [-0.69-0.02]), neuropsychiatric symptoms (SMD = 0.16; 95% CI [-0.29-0.61]), total hours of sleep during daytime (SMD = -0.31; 95% CI [-0.55 to 0.07]) and quality of life (SMD = 0.24; 95% CI [-0.23-0.70]). CONCLUSION: Robotic care intervention may be an effective and alternative intervention for improving the health outcomes for people with dementia. The robotic care effect on anxiety should be confirmed. Further studies may consider the frequency, duration of intervention and possible negative outcomes after robotic care interventions. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: As a non-pharmacological approach, nursing staff may consider the robotic care intervention in providing care for patients with dementia since this intervention has clinical benefits.

Dementia as a mortality predictor among older adults with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational study.

The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the association between dementia and mortality among older adults with COVID-19. To do so, we conducted a search of 7 databases for relevant full-text articles. A cohort study and case-control study were included. A meta-analysis was performed to synthesize the pooled odds ratio with a random-effects model. We identified studies that reported mortality among older adults with dementia and non-dementia who have COVID-19. The pooled mortality rates of dementia and non-dementia older adults infected with COVID-19 were 39% (95% CI: 0.23-0.54%, I2 = 83.48%) and 20% (95% CI: 0.16-0.25%, I2 = 83.48%), respectively. Overall, dementia was the main factor influencing poor health outcomes and high rates of mortality in older adults with COVID-19 infection (odds ratio 2.96; 95% CI 2.00-4.38, I2 = 29.7%), respectively. Our results show that older adults with dementia with COVID-19 infection have a higher risk of mortality compared with older adults without dementia. This current study further highlights the need to provide focused care to the older adults with dementia or cognitive impairment who have COVID-19.

Frailty as a mortality predictor in older adults with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused the coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, continues to spread rapidly worldwide and is associated with high rates of mortality among older adults, those with comorbidities, and those in poor physiological states. This paper aimed to systematically identify the impact of frailty on overall mortality among older adults with COVID-19. We conducted a systematic review of the literature indexed in 4 databases. A random-effects model with inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis using the odds ratio was used to study the association of frailty levels with clinical outcomes among older adults with COVID-19. Heterogeneity was measured using the I2 statistic and Egger's test. We identified 22 studies that met our inclusion criteria, including 924,520 total patients. Overall, frailty among older adults was associated with high rates of COVID-19-related mortality compared with non-frail older adults (OR [odds ratio]:5.76; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 3.85-8.61, I2: 40.5%). Our results show that physical limitations, such as those associated with frailty among older adults, are associated with higher rates of COVID-19-related mortality.

Interdisciplinary simulation-based teaching and learning for healthcare professionals: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effects of interdisciplinary simulation-based teaching and learning on the interprofessional knowledge of healthcare professionals. BACKGROUND: Interdisciplinary simulation-based teaching and learning have been employed to prepare learners to collaborate in clinical settings. This strategy could help healthcare professionals to better understand each other, develop interdisciplinary shared values and promote mutual respect between professions, while reducing errors and adverse events in hospital. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effects of interdisciplinary simulation-based teaching and learning on healthcare professionals. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted of databases including Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Plus with full text, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline Complete, PubMed and Web of Science from their inception to September 5, 2023. The study included randomized controlled trials that provided interdisciplinary simulation-based education to healthcare professionals. Protocol trials or studies that did not include median or mean and standard deviation were excluded. The pooled standardized mean differences of outcomes were analyzed using a DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Egger's regression test was used to examine publication bias indicated in forest plots. RESULTS: Ten randomized control trials with a total of 766 participants were included in the pooled analyses. Interdisciplinary simulation-based teaching and learning positively enhanced the interprofessional knowledge of healthcare professionals (pooled SMD = 0.30; 95% CI = 0.10-0.50; p < 0.001). Egger's regression test results were non-significant, indicating that publication bias had little impact on the pooled SMDs. CONCLUSION: Interdisciplinary simulation-based teaching and learning for health professionals appear to be significantly beneficial for increasing their interprofessional knowledge. This strategy highlights the importance of providing a well-developed scenario with relevant properties, which applies valid and rigorous instruments, to measure behavioral changes induced by interdisciplinary simulation-based teaching and learning.

Outcomes of scenario-based simulation courses in nursing education: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of scenario-based simulation courses on nursing students' professional knowledge, clinical practice skills, and self-confidence in learning. DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: A literature search of six databases including CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science was performed on 28 February 2023. REVIEW METHODS: The methodological quality of the studies included was assessed using RoB 2. A random-effects model was used for pooling effect size. The heterogeneity of each pooled analysis was quantified with I2. Egger's regression test was performed to assess publication bias in each pooled analysis. RESULTS: Sixteen trials conducted between 2011 and 2022 were included in the final analysis. Scenario-based simulation courses significantly improved nursing students' professional knowledge (pooled SMD 0.66; 95 % CI 0.33-0.98; p < 0.001), clinical practice skills (pooled SMD 1.45; 95 % CI 0.96-1.94; p < 0.001), and self-confidence in learning (pooled SMD 0.37; 95 % CI 0.12-0.63; p < 0.001). Substantial heterogeneity was observed in the pooled analyses of professional knowledge and clinical practice skills. CONCLUSION: Scenario-based simulation courses appeared to be beneficial for increasing nursing students' professional knowledge, clinical practice abilities, and self-confidence in learning. Therefore, simulation-based learning should be regarded as an essential component of the nursing curriculum as it improves nursing students' skills and prepares them for real-world practice.