Concerns about fertility, social appearance, and relationships in young adults with polycystic ovary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), affecting 1-11% of reproductive-age women, is characterised by many symptoms that cause important concerns especially in young adults. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the concerns about fertility, social appearance, and relationships in young adults with PCOS. METHODOLOGY: This descriptive study included 140 young female adults aged 18-26, who were diagnosed with PCOS, agreed to participate in the onlineresearch through social media between July and December 2022 in Turkey. Data were collected using the 'Participant Interview Form' and the "Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS). RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 22.1 ± 2.1. As the most common symptoms, 78.6% experienced menstrual irregularities, 16.4% were overweight, 7.1% were obese, 67.1% had hirsutism and 65.7% had acne. Most of the participants expressed concerns about future infertility (72.9%), and worried about being unable to conceive due to PCOS in the future (sometimes = 61.4%). Over eighty percent of the participants expressed some level of dissatisfaction with their physical appearance. They commonly believe that their self-esteem, emotionalstate, social relationships and partner relationships could be negatively affected by PCOS. SAAS scores were significantly increased by low income, high BMI, hirsutism, dissatisfaction with physicalappearance, low self-esteem, emotional problems and concerns related to social and partner relationships (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Young adults have common concerns about the potential negative impacts of PCOS on fertility, social appearance, and relationships. Health professionals should be aware of their counselling needs about the possible physical and psycho-social effects of PCOS and provide continuous care and support.

The prevalence and associated factors of fear of childbirth among Turkish pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of fear of childbirth and affecting factors in pregnant women in Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study and included a total of 2025.    Pregnant Women Assessment, some variables related to previous and current perinatal processes and Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (version A) were used for data collection. FINDINGS: In this sample, 42.4% of the women reported fear of childbirth. What the women were afraid of most was the development of unwanted conditions at childbirth, obscurity/uncertainty, and negative attitudes of health professionals. The factors causing fear of childbirth were the low education level, unemployment status, low financial status, stillbirth, unplanned pregnancy, indecisiveness about the type of delivery, not attending prenatal education programs, negative effects of other people, insufficient social support, confiding in the healthcare centre and health professional, negative, and indecisive birth perceptions, prior negative birth experiences and not feeling ready for childbirth (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of fear of childbirth in this Turkish sample, especially in the multipara is higher than in Western countries. Causes of fear of childbirth can vary with countries and even with each region of a country.

The Effect of Preprocedural Low-Dose Ketamine for Pain and Anxiety in Patients during Thoracic Epidural Catheterization.

Background and Objectives: Thoracic epidural catheterization (TEC) can be both uncomfortable and fearful for patients when performed awake with the thought that the procedure may be painful. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of low-dose intravenous ketamine administration on pain and anxiety during the TEC procedure. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups to receive intravenous (IV) placebo (Group P) and IV low-dose (0.15 mg/kg) ketamine (LDK) (Group K) 3 min before the procedure in a double-blind manner. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure anxiety (VAS-A) and pain (VAS-P) scores. Vital parameters were monitored before premedication (T1), 20 min after premedication (T2), during skin anesthesia (T3), during TEC (T4), and 5 min after TEC (T5). VAS-A values were recorded at T1, T3, T4, and T5 periods, and VAS-P levels were noted at T3, T4, and T5 periods. Results: During TEC (T4), both VAS-P and VAS-A were significantly lower in Group K (p < 0.001). The mean VAS-A value was 10.6 mm lower, and the mean VAS-P value was 9 mm lower in Group K than in Group P at the T4 time point. Additionally, the mean VAS-P value was 7.7 mm lower in Group K compared to Group P at the T3 time point (p < 0.001). Both groups showed a statistically significant difference in VAS-A measurements when compared at their respective time points (p < 0.001). However, only Group P demonstrated a statistically significant difference in VAS-P measurements (p < 0.001). VAS-P values remained stable in Group K. The number of patients who did not recall the procedure was significantly higher in Group K (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the number of patients who would consent to the same procedure in the future was significantly higher in Group K (p = 0.007). Conclusions: A preprocedural LDK (0.15 mg/kg) can effectively prevent anxiety and pain experienced by patients during the TEC procedure. Administration of LDK may provide a more comfortable procedure process without causing ketamine-induced side effects (hemodynamic, respiratory, and psychological).

The effect of acupressure on lactation in non-breastfeeding mothers after preterm cesarean delivery.

This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted to determine the effect of acupressure on lactation in non-breastfeeding mothers. The sample of the study was comprised of 64 mothers, who were randomly selected among the primipara mothers of premature newborns delivered through cesarean section in a hospital. Before the implementation, the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale and the Richards? Campbell Sleep Questionnaire were applied. In post-operative three days, 15-minute acupressure was implemented in the morning/evening, for acupressure-group mothers and pump milking was applied; control group mothers were only milked in the mornings and evenings. Mothers' perceptions of lactation symptoms were evaluated with Visual Analog Scale. Acupressure satisfaction was evaluated with a Visual Analog Patient Satisfaction Scale, and pumped milk quantities were recorded. Indications of lactation such as tension, heat, and pain in breasts were found to be higher in acupressure group.The amounts of milk in acupressure group were significantly higher compared to control group.

A human rights violation study: The relationship between gender and ambivalent sexism in faculty of health sciences students.

The objective of this study was to contribute to the literature by identifying gendered attitudes and ambivalent sexism of students who are health professionals of the future. The sampling of this study, which is planned as a descriptive and correlational study, consists of students studying at departments of midwifery and nursing in two universities in Turkey. Students completed questionnaires that included demographic information, Gender Roles Attitude Scale, and Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Results showed that students have traditional attitudes toward gender roles, and particularly male students have more negative and conservative gendered attitudes. Also, there was a sexist attitude difference between the two groups. There was a weak positive relationship between gender roles and ambivalent sexism in the study. These findings can raise awareness about sexism for students studying in the health sciences and enable them to provide equal healthcare to all.

Clinical challenges in elderly asthma.

INTRODUCTION: Understanding the difference of elderly asthma is essential to provide better healthcare for this vulnerable population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between young and elderly asthma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This real-life study was designed as a cross-sectional analysis. All data collected with structured web based asthma program. In sum, 373 (89.9%) young asthma (YA, age < 65) and 42 (10.1%) elderly asthma (EA, age < 65) patients followed at least one year and compared statistically. RESULT: Cough is found higher in EA (p< 0.01) despite lower smoking rate in EA (p< 0.001). Allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis were more common in YA (p< 0.05, p< 0.01) which is consistent with higher allergy rate in YA (p< 0.05). On the other hand, diabetes and hypertension were determined significantly higher in EA (p< 0.01, p< 0.01). 52.4% of EA patients were found to have low diffusion capacity (DLCO < 80%). Although EA patients use combined therapies with inhaled corticosteroids and long acting beta agonists more than YA patients (p< 0.01), both emergency room visit (ERV) and hospitalization ratios are founded significantly higher in EA (p< 0.001, p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: EA patients were presented with cough in general. They possess an increased risk of hypertension, diabetes and low levels of diffusion capacity. ERV and hospitalization ratios have founded higher despite higher usage of combined therapies.

Motherhood Role from a Postpartum Perspective: Effects Reflected by High-Risk and Normal Pregnancies.

High-risk pregnancies not only heighten concerns about the baby's health but also have the potential to impact the mother-infant relationship by shifting the mother's focus towards her own health needs. This study aims to delve into the intricacies of motherhood roles among women experiencing high-risk pregnancies compared to those with uncomplicated pregnancies, aiming to shed light on the disparities between the two groups. The participants of this descriptive, comparative, and correlational study consisted of literate mothers admitted to a hospital in Eastern Turkey, diagnosed with high-risk pregnancies, and with no prior history of psychological support. Due to an inability to reach the entire population, an unknown sampling method was employed for sampling calculation. The sample comprised 133 mothers with high-risk pregnancies and an equal number of healthy mothers, totaling 266 participants. Data were collected using the "Maternal Introduction Form" and the "Maternal Role Gaining Scale", and analyses were conducted using the SPSS Statistical Programme. Given the non-normal distribution of the variables, nonparametric tests were applied post reliability analysis. There is a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the scores of maternal attitude and anxiety, as well as maternal role and the Maternal Role Gaining Scale, based on various demographic factors such as marriage duration, spouse's education, family economic status, pre-pregnancy health issues, medication use, hospitalization status and reason, assigned sex of the baby and desired gender, total pregnancies, mode of delivery, postpartum difficulties, support for baby care, feeding method, high-risk pregnancy diagnosis, and week of diagnosis. A Bonferroni corrected analysis also revealed significant differences between mothers with and without high-risk pregnancies.

Idiopathic Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis: A Case Report.

Introduction: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM), also known as nonpuerperal mastitis or granulomatous lobular mastitis, is a rare, benign, chronic inflammatory breast disease first characterized in 1972. IGM is characterized by sterile noncaseating lobulocentric granulomatous inflammation, usually affecting parous premenopausal women with a history of lactation. Case Presentation: We present a 38-year-old African American woman presenting to our continuity clinic complaining of a painful right breast mass discovered during a self-breast examination. An initial right breast ultrasound demonstrated an area of concern with asymmetry, architectural distortion, and a questionable mass correlating to a 5.1 cm hypoechoic mass at the 12:30 position. Additionally, a mammogram showed a suspicious, indeterminate, large hypoechoic region or mass with angular margins measuring 5.1 x 1.7 x 3.7 cm with slight internal vascularity. An ultrasound-guided stereotactic biopsy revealed extensive mixed inflammatory and focal granulomatous lobular mastitis. Conclusion: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare disorder that often mimics breast malignancies and infectious processes. This case highlights the need for further research on IGM pathogenesis to prevent unnecessary life-altering therapeutic procedures and bring awareness to the medical community.

An Isolated Splenic Hydatid Cyst.

An isolated hydatid cyst of the spleen is a rare presentation of echinococcal diseases, especially in non-endemic areas where it may end up with unnecessary work-up and misdiagnosis. Here, we present the case of a 28-year-old female presenting with generalized abdominal pain, constipation, and early satiety who had a delayed diagnosis of isolated splenic hydatid cyst which was partially treated with albendazole, eventually requiring splenectomy.

Chronic Uncontrolled Hypothyroidism Associated With Dysphonia and Concurrent Pericardial Effusion.

Hypothyroidism is a commonly encountered pathology within internal medicine. It commonly presents with symptoms of fatigue, weight gain, constipation, and dry skin. Long-standing uncontrolled hypothyroidism can manifest with atypical symptoms of dysphonia and even pericardial effusion. This constellation of findings is not often encountered concurrently. While likely a consequence of uncontrolled hypothyroidism, it is prudent to ensure appropriate protection of the patient's airway and rule out other obstructive causes of dysphonia, such as malignancy. We present the case of a patient with uncontrolled hypothyroidism who presented with dysphonia. While treating hypothyroidism, the patient was found to have pericardial effusion. Other causes of obstruction such as vocal cord dysfunction and malignancy were ruled out via imaging studies and multidisciplinary discussion with other subspecialties.

Combined periodontal and restorative approach to the treatment of gingival recessions with noncarious cervical lesions: a case treated with acellular dermal matrix allograft and compomer restorations.

Treatment of gingival recessions has become one of the most challenging procedures in periodontal plastic surgery. Various surgical options with predictable outcomes are available, but in cases with cervical lesions or restorations, optimal functional and esthetic results may require the combination of periodontal and restorative procedures. In this case report, one patient treated with acellular dermal matrix allograft and a coronally positioned flap in combination with compomer cervical restorations is presented. Clinical parameters were recorded immediately prior to surgery and after 12 months. Postoperatively, significant root coverage, reductions in probing depths, and gains in clinical attachment were observed. The final clinical results, esthetics, color match, and tissue contours were acceptable to both the patient and clinicians.