[Characterization of injuries among elite football players during a sports season in Burkina Faso: the 2019-2020 sports season]. / Caractérisation des blessures sur une saison sportive chez des footballeurs d'élite au Burkina Faso: cas de la saison 2019-2020.

Introduction: injuries are a major undesirable event in sportsmen's career and prevention depends on their characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of injuries suffered by elite footballers in Burkina Faso during the 2019-2020 sports season. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study among 160 players who were administered a questionnaire. Proportion and χ2 tests were used to calculate frequencies and determine associated factors, respectively. Results: a total of 157 injuries were recorded in 143 players (89.4%). Muscle injuries (45.85%) and sprains (30.6%) were common. The majority of injuries (52%) were of medium severity. The thigh (30%), ankle (26.5%) and knee (18%) were the most affected areas. The frequency of injuries was higher after physical contact than without physical contact with another player (69.5% versus 30.5; p = 0.009), during matches than during training (82% versus 28%; p = 0.003) and during the return leg than the first leg of the championship (58.5% versus 41.5%; p = 0.02). Conclusion: the frequency of injuries suffered by footballers during the 2019-2020 season was high. These injuries were mostly muscular and tendinous, and the lower limbs were mostly affected. They were associated with physical contact, matches and the return phase of the championship. To be effective, preventive measures should take these characteristics into account.

[Causes of stress in the workplace: survey of 223 formal private sector employees in the city of Ouagadougou]. / Facteurs de stress en entreprise: cas de 223 salariés des entreprises privées formelles (EPF) de la ville de Ouagadougou.

INTRODUCTION: in Burkina Faso, work-related stress is a public health problem. The purpose of this study is to evaluate factors of stress among formal private sector employees in the city of Ouagadougou. METHODS: we conducted a survey using the 26-item scale derived from Karasek and the 23-item scale derived from Siegrist. Validated Karasek and Siegrist´s models as well as SPSS software were used to analyze data. RESULTS: we surveyed 223 employees (186 men and 37 women) with an average age of 36.70 years ± δ = 33.25. In addition, 70,40% of employees had job strain; 50,22% iso strain and 52,02% effort-reward imbalance. Post-hoc analyses showed the following stress factors: great efforts and poor decision-making ability. CONCLUSION: this study confirms the presence of stress among private sector employees and highlights the importance of combining Karasek and Siegrist's questionnaires in the study of stress factors.

[Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS): about two cases at the Regional University Hospital Center (CHUR) of Ouahigouya]. / Le syndrome de la poche à urines violette: à propos de deux cas au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional (CHUR) de Ouahigouya.

Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is an uncommon complication of urinary tract infection. It mainly affects elderly patients with constipation, chronic urinary catheter and prolonged bed rest. Several bacteria belonging to two different groups, the group converting indoxyl urinary sulphate into indoxyl and the group alkalizing urine by the production of urease, are associated with it. We here report two cases of young patients aged 30 and 16 years, living in Burkina Faso, with uremic encephalopathy associated with severe infection and cloudy urine with purple urine bag. Unlike cases reported in the literature, our cases occurred two and four days after urinary catheterization and in young patients without constipation. Despite early antibiotic therapy, outcome was unfavorable in one patient.

[Renal involvement during monoclonal gammopathies at the teaching hospital of Yopougon in Abidjan, from 2000 to 2016]. / Manifestations Renales des Gammapathies Monoclonales au CHU de Yopougon de 2000 a 2016 : Etude Retrospective D'Une Serie de 42 cas.

BACKGROUND: Renal involvement is common during monoclonal gammopathies and their occurrence impacts the survival of the patients. Our objective was to describe the renal features during monoclonal gammopathies from 2004 to 2016 at the University Hospital of Yopougon in Abidjan. METHODS: Renal failure was defined as blood creatinine level > 20 mg/L and/or proteinuria > 500 mg/24 hours. RESULTS: We identified 42 cases of monoclonal gammopathiesincluding multiple myeloma (n=40) and monoclonal gammopathy of underdetermined significance (n=2). The rate of renal impairment was 57% (n=24) including tubular disease (n=20)and glomerular nephropathy (n=3). Two patients (one with cast nephropathy and another with Randall's disease) performed renal biopsy. The factors associated with renal impairment were mainly hyperuricemia (n=24)and hypercalcemia (n=23). Three cases were treated by hemodialysis. There were 6 (14.3%) deaths among patients with renal impairment. CONCLUSION: Tubular injury was common among patients with monoclonal gammopathy. It was associated with hypercalcemia and Hyperuricemia.

CONTEXTE: Les atteintes rénales sont fréquentes au cours des gammapathies monoclonales (GM) et leur persistance impacte la survie des patients. Notre objectif était de décrire ces atteintes observées de 2004 à 2016 au CHU de Yopougon à Abidjan. MÉTHODES: L'atteinte rénale était définie par une créatinine > 20 mg/l et ou une protéinurie > 500 mg/24 heures. RÉSULTATS: Nous avons recensé 42 cas de GM dont 40 cas de myélome multiple et 2 cas de gammapathie monoclonale de signification indéterminée. La fréquence de l'atteinte rénale était de 57% (n=24). Il s'agissait de 3 cas de néphropathie glomérulaires et 20 cas d'atteintes tubulaires. Deux patients ont bénéficié d'une ponction biopsie rénale et c'était un cas de tubulopathie myélomateuse, et un cas de maladie de Randall. Les facteurs favorisant l'atteinte rénale étaient dominée par l'hypercalcémie (23 cas) et l'hyperuricémie (24 cas). Trois cas ont été traités par hémodialyse conventionnelle. Il y eu 6 (14,3%) décès parmi les patients ayant l'atteinte rénale. CONCLUSION: l'atteinte tubulaire est plus fréquente au cours de la gammapathie monoclonale. Elle est favorisée par la prise de toxiques traditionnels, l'hypercalcémie et l'hyperuricémie.

[Purple urine-bag syndrome: A case report]. / Le syndrome de la poche à urines violette : à propos d'un cas.

Purple urine-bag syndrome is a rare condition that occurs in patients with indwelling urinary catheters carried over a long period and frequently associated with a urinary tract infection. It is characterized by the appearance of a violet coloration of the probe and/or the urine collection bag. We report the first case in West Africa that occurred in a 47-year-old woman in uremic encephalopathy and carrier of a urinary catheter, which presented a violet color of the tubing and urine-bag associated with a urinary tract infection. The outcome was favorable under antibiotic therapy. Many patients benefit from the installation of urinary catheters for various reasons and the occurrence of this syndrome should lead the medical team to systematically seek an underlying urinary tract infection to avoid if possible paraclinical assessments generally costly to our patients without medical coverage in our developing countries.