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1.
BMC Vet Res ; 13(1): 149, 2017 May 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28558768

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the occurrence of important diseases of ruminants in Afghanistan because of the conflict affecting the country over the last 40 years. To address this discrepancy, ruminant herds in Afghanistan were screened for OIE-listed mycoplasma diseases, contagious bovine (CBPP) and caprine pleuropneumonias (CCPP). RESULTS: Of the 825 samples from 24 provinces tested for serological evidence of CBPP caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp.mycoides, 20 (3.4%) had ELISA values greater than the positive threshold of 50% though all were less than 55%. Repeat testing of these suspect sera gave values below 50. A smaller number of sera (330) from cattle in nine provinces were also tested by the rapid latex agglutination test (LAT) for CBPP, 10 of which were considered suspect. However, no positive bands were seen when immunoblotting was carried out on all sera that gave suspect results. Serological evidence of Mycoplasma bovis was detected in half of 28 herds in eight provinces. The cause of CCPP, M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae was not detected in any of the 107 nasal swabs and lung tissue collected from goats in seven provinces though sample handling and storage were not optimal. However, strong serological evidence was detected in goat herds in several villages near Kabul some of which were over 50% seropositive by LAT and ELISAs for CCPP; immunoblotting confirmed positive results on a selection of these sera. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented here provide a first assessment of the occurrence of the two OIE listed mycoplasma diseases in Afghanistan. From the results of the testing bovine sera from the majority of provinces there is no evidence of the presence of CBPP in Afghanistan. However the samples tested represented only 0.03% of the cattle population so a larger survey is required to confirm these findings. Serological, but not bacterial, evidence was produced during this investigation to show that CCPP is highly likely to be present in parts of Afghanistan.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças das Cabras/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycoplasma/veterinária , Afeganistão , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Feminino , Doenças das Cabras/diagnóstico , Cabras , Masculino , Infecções por Mycoplasma/diagnóstico , Pleuropneumonia Contagiosa/diagnóstico , Pleuropneumonia Contagiosa/microbiologia , Ruminantes
2.
J Microbiol Methods ; 92(3): 264-9, 2013 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23357124

RESUMO

The simple polychrome methylene blue (PMB) staining procedure for blood or tissue smears from dead animals (M'Fadyean reaction) established in 1903 remained accepted as a highly reliable, rapid diagnostic test for anthrax for six decades while that disease was still common in livestock throughout the world. Improvements in disease control led to anthrax becoming rare in industrialized countries and less frequent in developing countries with the result that quality controlled, commercially produced PMB became hard to obtain by the 1980s. Mixed results with alternative methylene blue-based stains then led to diagnosis failures, confusion among practitioners and mistrust of this procedure as a reliable test for anthrax. We now report that, for laboratories needing a reliable M'Fadyean stain at short notice, the best approach is to have available commercially pure azure B ready to constitute into a solution of 0.03 g azure B in 3 ml of 95% ethanol or methanol to which is then added 10 ml of 0.01% KOH (0.23% final azure B concentration) and which can then be used immediately and through to the end of the tests. Stored in the dark at room temperature, the shelf life is at least 12 months. Smears should be fixed with ethanol or methanol (95-100%), not by heat, and the stain left for 5 min before washing off for optimum effect.


Assuntos
Antraz/diagnóstico , Bacillus anthracis/citologia , Cápsulas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Corantes/metabolismo , Coloração e Rotulagem/métodos , Antraz/microbiologia
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