Magnetic resonance imaging of lung signal intensity and dimensions in patients with advanced lung disease before and after single lung transplantation.

A retrospective analysis of lung signal intensity normalized for fat and lung cross-sectional area normalized for body surface area was obtained from cardiac gated spin-echo (echo time 40 ms) images before and after single-lung transplantation in 12 patients with pulmonary airway disease (seven emphysema, two bronchiectasis and three obliterative bronchiolitis) and 14 with interstitial lung disease (three pulmonary fibrosis, four fibrosing alveolitis and seven lymphangioleiomyomatosis). Nine healthy volunteers were studied for comparison. The native lung in pulmonary airway disease without inflammatory processes has normalised signal intensity (79 +/- 12%) similar to that of the control (100 +/- 6%) while interstitial lung disease had a higher normalised signal intensity (172 +/- 33%; P = < 0.05). The transplanted lung had a similar normalised signal intensity (103 +/- 12%) to that of the control except when there was a rejection reaction (one patient) or infection (two patients). Compared with the control, the native lung was smaller in pulmonary fibrosis (50 +/- 8%) and fibrosing alveolitis (78 +/- 8%), while larger in lymphangioleiomyomatosis (136 +/- 6%) and pulmonary airway disease (165 +/- 8%). The cross-sectional area of the transplanted lung was comparable to that of the control (100 +/- 13%). Distinctive features of lung normalised signal intensity and cross-sectional area were demonstrated in patients with pulmonary airway disease and interstitial lung disease before lung transplantation. These measurements could be useful noninvasive indices for assessment of the transplanted lung and for frequent follow-up of patients without exposure to ionizing radiation. Future developments are required to enhance lung signal sufficiently to detect less severe diseases.

MR imaging of age-related dimensional changes of thoracic aorta.

Changes in the dimensions of the thoracic aorta with age were studied in 70 healthy volunteers between the ages of 10 and 83 years. Spin echo images were acquired at end-diastole in three oblique planes through the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta. A double oblique image through the whole of the thoracic aorta was also acquired. Measurements of aortic cross-sectional area and length were corrected for body surface area, and normal magnetic resonance standards were established. The direct correlation that aortic dimensions have with age is likely to be due to loss of elasticity. The ratio between areas of the ascending aorta and the aortic arch is directly related to age whereas the ratio between the aortic arch and the descending aorta is inversely related to age.

[Studies of myocardial metabolism using P-31-NMR spectroscopy and a simple heart perfusion model of slaughtered animals--an approach to avoiding in vivo animal experiments]. / Myokard-Stoffwechseluntersuchungen mit der P-31-NMR-Spektroskopie und einem einfachen Herz-Perfusionsmodell von Schlachttieren--ein Ansatz zur Vermeidung von In-vivo-Tierexperimenten.

In research cardiology large numbers of in vivo animal experiments, mostly with dogs or pigs, are necessary. It was the aim of this study to test a simple in vitro perfusion heart model from swine harvested in the slaughterhouse as a potential substitute for in vivo animal studies. 32 unselected hearts of slaughterhouse swine after 10 to 15 min of warm ischemia were subjected to reperfusion with warm oxygenized blood and were examined for mechanical recovery, which occurred in 56%, increasing to 95% if primarily using only hearts that were in relaxation. In 21 of selected relaxed heart models the energy phosphate pattern as an index of viability was measured by P-31 MRS on a 4.7 Tesla NMR tomograph in 37 experimental runs with the following perfusion protocols: 1) immediate cardioplegia with cold Bretschneider or Collins solution, transportation under cooling, MRS after approximately 1 h; 2) immediate cardioplegia, transportation, reperfusion with oxygenated warm blood, MRS; 3) immediate blood perfusion with genuine fresh arterial blood from the slaughterhouse, cold plegia perfusion, transportation, MRS; 4) immediate blood perfusion with transportation MRS; 4) immediate blood perfusion with genuinefresh arterial blood, cold plegia perfusion, transportation, reperfusion with oxygenated warm blood, MRS during reperfusion; 5) An experimental pig heart was made plegic in vivo and reperfused with oxygenated warm blood during MRS as reference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)