A 15-year follow-up study on schistosomiasis in a low-endemic area in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.

Fifteen years after our first investigation, a follow-up study was carried out with the purpose of assessing the evolution of schistosomiasis in the locality of Sabugo, Paracambi, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, an area with low prevalence of the disease. The coprological techniques adopted were spontaneous sedimentation and Kato-Katz. Out of the 1356 individuals assessed, 13 (1%) were infected with Schistosoma mansoni. From those, 10 were males, 12 were over 15 years old, and at least 11 had been infected in Sabugo. All patients presented either the intestinal or the hepato-intestinal form of the disease, and 8 (61.5%) harboured light parasitic loads. In 1990, there were 27 (2.7%) infected individuals; less than half harboured light parasitic loads, with the predominance of moderate and heavy forms. Although our results indicate an improvement in the epidemiological situation of schistosomiasis in Sabugo, transmission of the disease in the locality is still active, especially among young males, and tends to be acquired during leisure activities.

[Should the administration of anticoagulants be altered for oral surgery: a study of 32 cases]. / Faut-il interrompre l'administration d'anticoagulants pour un Acte de Chirurgie Buccale: a propos d'une étude de 32 cas.

INTRODUCTION: The study is transversal and descriptive. It take place in the odontology department in a public hospital in Dakar (Senegal), during 09 month (January-September 2005). The objective of this work was to determine the TP-INR value making possible to carry out an act of oral surgery without haemorrhagic risk. (INR = International Normalized Ratio). MATERIAL AND METHOD: It concerned 32 patients referred to the Odontology service by the Cardiology They presented a cardiovascular pathology having required an anticoagulant therapy, and also need an act of oral surgery. We exploited the following parameters: identification of the patient, oral state, types of oral surgery, types of cardiopathy, AVK posology, value of TP-INR, haemostatics means. RESULTS: 81.25% of the patients were women (26), with a sex ratio of 0.23. The mean age was 53ans, with 21 and 84 years like the extremes. 56.25% of our patients had undergone a single extraction, 25% had beneficed multiple extractions, and 18.75% had profited from a scaling-curetting. The average value of the TP-INR was 2.22 with extremes between 2 and 2.84. CONCLUSION: In favour of the haemostat means, no haemorrhagic complication post operational was revealed. It is allowed that the risk of thromboembolic accident by stopping the treatment is much more prejudicial than the hemorrhagic risk for the patient.

[Transmission of HIV-2 virus in a rural area of Senegal]. / Circulation du virus HIV 2 en zone rurale au Sénégal.

Various investigations into the prevalence of HIV2 infection undertaken on samples of senegalese rural populations from Casamance, Eastern Senegal, the Thies Region and the Ferlo Region, show a gradient from south to north. Levels vary from 0.9% (western Casamance) to 0% (Ferlo). These results led to a detailed investigation being undertaken in a Casamance village, paralleled by questioning reference cases to define risks associated with HIV2 seropositivity. Prevalence in this village is 0.82%, and all age groups are affected. HIV2 disrupts the immune system before clinical symptoms appear. 10% of the seropositives can be classed as CDCIV.

[Clinical study of cysts jawbones]. / Etude clinique des kystes maxillaires.

The objective of this study was to appreciate the clinical and paraclinical aspects of cysts jawbones. It was an exploratory study about 61 cases of jawbones cysts (24 men and 37 women). It took place in the Odontostomatology Department of the General Hospital of Grand Yoff at Dakar, during a period of 5 years (February 1996 to December 2000). The mean age of patients was 29.67 years with extremes of 14 and 55 years. The mean reason of consultating was an important perish-jawbone tumefaction which can be associated with dental displacements, mobilities or pains. The radiographic assessment was essential for the diagnosis. The radiological image was characterized by an osteolysis with regular contours. We have noted the invasive appearance of the osseous lysis which is developed in several teeth concerning 50 cases (81.97%). The anatomo-pathological exam which is essential to confirm the diagnosis has been possible only for 9 patients by lack of means. Thus, in our study the diagnosis of jawbones cyst was retained while being based primarily on clinical experience and the radiological assesment. The types of diagnosed cysts are: 53 perish-apical cysts (86.89%), 5 dentigerous cysts (08.20%), 2 globulo-jawbone cycts (03.28%), and only one case of paramount cyst. The jawbones cysts are often of aggressive development with various etiologies. They may be voluminous. Their diagnosis must be exact in order to allow an adapted surgical technics and to prevent the reccurence.