Semen parameters of non-infertile smoker and non-smoker men.

INTRODUCTION: According to the world Health organization, approximately one third of the world` population older than 15 years are smokers. Evidences indicate that both in men and in women, cigarette smoking affects reproductive health more than the consumption of caffeine or alcohol in comparable doses. The mechanisms according to which tobacco affects spermatozoa are poorly understood. Some of the studies focused on the relation between cigarette smoking and the principal semen analysis, variable such as concentration, Morphology and Motility. In this study, we compared the sperm parameters between smokers and non-smokers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This case control study was done on men from infertile couples who were referred to Yazd research and clinical center for infertility but the cause of infertility was not the male factor. The semen analysis was compared between the smokers and non-smokers. RESULTS: 151 infertile men were enrolled in the present study. 98 non-smokers and 53 smokers the mean age of patients was not significantly different between groups. There were no significant differences among groups according to sperm concentration (P-Value 0.108), Morphology (P-Value 0.138) and Motility (P-Value 0.082). Also there were no significant relationship between sperm parameters and the amount of cigarettes people had used (based on Pack/year scale). CONCLUSION: Semen parameters (Morphology, Motility and concentration) were lower in smokers but there were no significant differences between groups.

Effect of hyoscine butylbromide first stage of labour in multiparus women.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged labor is one of the most important risk factors for perinatal compromise and, if caused by obstructed labor, it carries the risk of uterine rupture, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), puerperal sepsis, and maternal death. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether or not hyoscine butylbromide shortens the stages of labor, without an increase in maternal or neonatal complications. METHOD: In single-blinded randomized clinical trial study, 188 multiparas women in active phase of labor who were admitted to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital from October 2006 to April 2007 in Yazd - Iran, were evaluated. They were divided hyoscine group (n = 94) received 20mg (1ml) of hyoscine and control group (n = 94) received 1 ml of normal saline was given as placebo, intravenously. The effects of hyoscine in shortening labor time; and neonatal Apgar score was compared. RESULTS: Duration of the first (mean± SD: 186.8 ± 125.6 minutes vs. 260.4 ± 120.9 minutes, p= 0.00 1) and second stage of labor (mean± SD: 20.0 ± 8.1minutes vs. 25.8 ± 9.4 minutes, p= 0.03) was shorter in hyoscine group. Frequency of cesarean section and mean of neonatal Apgar score at minutes of one and 5 were not different in both groups. No serious adverse events were seen in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Injection of hyoscine in active phase of labor can be effective in shortening of labor without any adverse effect on mother and fetus.