RESUMO
Semecarpus anacardium Linn., Anacardiaceae, is being most commonly used in India for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. Bioactivity guided fractionation of ethyl acetate extract led to the isolation of major active principle, tetrahydroamentoflavone (THA), a biflavonoid. The in vitro cyclooxygenase (COX-1) catalyzed prostaglandin biosynthesis assay of THA gave an IC(50) value of 29.5 microM (COX-1) and 40.5% inhibition at 100 microg/mL (COX-2). The in vivo carrageenan induced paw edema assay resulted in dose dependent anti-inflammatory effect of THA and the activity was comparable to that of ibuprofen, one of the well known NSAIDs.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Semecarpus , Animais , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1 , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/uso terapêutico , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/enzimologia , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintases/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , SementesRESUMO
The standardized EtOAc, MeOH and 70% EtOH extracts of Tridax procumbens aerial parts showed significant inhibition of rat paw edema at a medium dose of 200mg/kg and the EtOAC extract was the most active. These extracts were standardized by HPLC with the help of chemical markers. Further, the extracts were evaluated for COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity and EtOAc extract exhibited the highest inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 at 50 µg/mL. Cent aurein, centaureidin and bergenin were isolated as COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory principles from the EtOAc extract. The extracts also exhibited antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS free radicals. The anti-inflammatory activity of T. procumbens aerial parts could be at least in part due to COX-1, COX-2 enzyme inhibition and free radical-scavenging activities which may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and other polyphenols in the extracts.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Asteraceae/química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Fenóis/farmacologia , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Benzotiazóis , Compostos de Bifenilo/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Fenóis/uso terapêutico , Picratos/metabolismo , Componentes Aéreos da Planta , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Polifenóis , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ácidos Sulfônicos/metabolismo , Tiazóis/metabolismoRESUMO
Curcuminoids were isolated from Curcuma longa and their pyrazole and isoxazole analogues were synthesized and evaluated for antioxidant, COX-1/COX-2 inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities. The designed analogues significantly enhance COX-2/COX-1 selectivity and possess significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan induced rat paw edema assay. Pyrazole, isoxazole analogues of curcumin (4 and 7) exhibited higher antioxidant activity than trolox. Molecular docking study revealed the binding orientations of curcumin analogues in the active sites of COX and thereby helps to design novel potent inhibitors.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/síntese química , Antioxidantes/síntese química , Curcumina/síntese química , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/síntese química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Sítios de Ligação , Curcumina/análogos & derivados , Curcumina/farmacologia , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1 , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Proteínas de Membrana , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintases/metabolismo , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The ethyl acetate extract of stem bark of Semecarpus anacardium showing in vivo anti-in fl ammatory activity in carrageenan induced rat paw edema assay was investigated in order to identify its active compounds. Chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of S.anacardium afforded 3,4,2',4'-tetrahydroxychalcone (butein) and 7,3',4'-trihydroxy fl avone. Evaluation of COX-1 inhibitory activity of 3,4,2',4'-tetrahydroxychalcone and 7,3',4'-trihydroxy fl avone provided the IC(50) values of 28.4 and 36.7 micro M respectively. Further investigation of these compounds for COX-2 inhibitory activity revealed moderate potency towards this enzyme.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/farmacologia , Edema/prevenção & controle , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Semecarpus , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Carragenina , Ciclo-Oxigenase 1 , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase/uso terapêutico , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Isoenzimas/antagonistas & inibidores , Masculino , Proteínas de Membrana , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Caules de Planta , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintases , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Herein we report an efficient procedure to synthesize S-4-(3-thienyl)phenyl-alpha-methylacetic acid, an enantiomerically pure intermediate of a recently approved nonsteroidal antiinflammatory cyclooxygenase inhibitor, atliprofen [methyl RS-4-(3-thienyl)phenyl-alpha-methylacetate]. The interactions of the active S-isomer of the acid were theoretically compared with those of S-ibuprofen through molecular docking studies using COX-1 and COX-2 protein structures. The results were corroborated by in vitro and in vivo studies.