Intersectoral Collaboration to Promote Child Development: The Contributions of the Actor-Network Theory.

An integrated intersectoral care model promises to meet complex needs to promote early child development and address health determinants and inequities. Nevertheless, there is a lack of understanding of actors' interactions in producing intersectoral collaboration networks. The present study aimed to analyze the intersectoral collaboration in the social protection network involved in promoting early child growth and development in Brazilian municipalities. Underpinned by the tenets of actor-network theory, a case study was conducted with data produced from an educational intervention, entitled "Projeto Nascente." Through document analysis (ecomaps), participant observation (in Projeto Nascente seminars), and interviews (with municipal management representatives), our study explored and captured links among actors; controversies and resolution mechanisms; the presence of mediators and intermediaries; and an alignment of actors, resources, and support. The qualitative analysis of these materials identified three main themes: (1) agency fragility for intersectoral collaboration, (2) attempt to form networks, and (3) incorporation of fields of possibilities. Our findings revealed that intersectoral collaboration for promoting child growth and development is virtually non-existent or fragile, and local potential is missed or underused. These results emphasized the scarcity of action by mediators and intermediaries to promote enrollment processes to intersectoral collaboration. Likewise, existing controversies were not used as a mechanism for triggering changes. Our research supports the need to mobilize actors, resources, management, and communication tools that promote processes of interessement and enrollment in favor of intersectoral collaboration policies and practices for child development.

Use of Telehealth Resources in Primary Care and Its Association with Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Introduction: Use of telehealth (TH) resources increased dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study set out to examine associations between the level of integration of TH resources and the level of Primary Health Care (PHC) structuring to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: This work was a cross-sectional study conducted through the application of a semistructured questionnaire to a sample of 260 PHC Teams working in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from September to December 2020. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee and logged under report number 44.294.637. Results: Two variables were created - Level of the PHC structuring to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic and Level of TH structuring. Variables were grouped into five categories (poor to excellent). Associations between variables were examined using the Tukey's test for multiple comparisons and the Spearman correlation coefficient. Variables associated with socioeconomic dimensions (human development index and Gini index) and health care were also analyzed. Levels of TH structuring in PHC ranged from poor (43%) to regular (40%) in most cases. Most PHC teams had regular (56%) or good (37%) levels of PHC structuring to deal with the pandemic. The greater the availability and use of TH resources at a given unit, the better the structure to face COVID-19 (0.45 - p < 0.001). Conclusion: PHC was structured to tackle the pandemic. However, there is a lot to be done before TH resources are effectively incorporated into PHC. Whenever incorporated, TH resources contributed to a more robust response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Education and income-based inequality in tooth loss among Brazilian adults: does the place you live make a difference?

BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic inequalities in tooth loss might be minimized or potentialized by the characteristics of the context where people live. We examined whether there is contextual variation in socioeconomic inequalities in tooth loss across Brazilian municipalities. METHODS: Data from the 2010 National Oral Health Survey of 9633 adults living in 157 Brazilian municipalities were used. The individual socioeconomic indicators were education and household income. At the municipal level, we used the Municipal Human Development Index (HDI) as our contextual indicator of socioeconomic status (low:< 0.699 versus high: > 0.70). The Relative (RII) and Slope (SII) Indexes of Inequality, Relative (RCI), and Absolute (ACI) Concentration Indexes were calculated to compare the magnitude of education and income-based inequalities among municipalities with low versus high HDI. Multilevel Poisson regression models with random intercepts and slopes were developed. RESULTS: At the individual level, adults with lower education & income reported more tooth loss. The mean number of missing teeth was 9.52 (95% CI: 7.93-11.13) and 6.95 (95% CI: 6.43-7.49) in municipalities with low and high HDI, respectively. Municipalities with high HDI showed higher relative and absolute education-based inequality. For income-based inequalities, higher SII and RCI was observed in municipalities with lower HDI. A significant cross-level interaction indicated that high-education adults reported fewer missing teeth when they lived in municipalities with high HDI compared to adults with the same education level living in low HDI municipalities. For individuals with the lowest education level, there was no difference in the number of teeth between those from municipalities with high and low HDI. CONCLUSIONS: There was a social gradient in tooth loss by education and income. Living in disadvantaged municipalities cannot overcome the risk associated with low schooling. The protective effect of higher education can be reduced when people live in disadvantaged areas.

Factors associated with the inclusion of oral health technicians into the public health service in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The number of oral health technicians (OHT) in the public health service in Brazil is lower than the number of training school graduates. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate possible factors associated with the inclusion of OHT in the public health service in Minas Gerais, Brazil, and its implications on oral health indicators. METHODS: This cross-sectional ecological study used a database (Excel) composed of 122 municipalities that participated in an OHT training course that took place between 2012 and 2013. Municipal contextual variables, including oral health indicators and sociodemographic indicators, related to the organization of health services were incorporated before and after the course. The dependent variable was the entry of graduates into the public health service according to a self-report survey conducted in 2015. A descriptive analysis of the variables was carried out, followed by bivariate analyses between the independent variables and the dependent variable using Pearson's chi-square test. The independent variables selected for multivariate logistic regression were statistically significant at p <  0.20. In the final model, significant effects were identified for variables with p <  0.05. The statistical software SPSS 18.0 for Windows was used. RESULTS: After the course, the variable of the public service organization and the two variables of oral health indicators were associated with the outcome. The organization services variable "presence of oral health team modality II" and the variable "indicator of coverage of first dental programmatic consultation" presented an association tendency with the entry of OHT in the multivariate logistic regression model, but these associations were not statistically significant because they had significance levels of p = 0.075 and p = 0.191, respectively. The variable "collective action indicator supervised dental brushing" was associated with the entry of egress (p = 0.045) remaining in the final model. CONCLUSION: The model of organization of the oral health service formed through the implementation of modality II oral health teams positively influenced the inclusion of OHT in the public health service in Minas Gerais, with improvement in the oral health indicators of the municipalities.

User satisfaction with public oral health services in the Brazilian Unified Health System.

BACKGROUND: User satisfaction represents a patient-centered measure that should be used to assess the quality of oral health services. This study investigated the differences in user satisfaction with public oral health services according to the sociodemographic user profile and the quality of oral health services in primary health care in Brazil. METHODS: Secondary data from a national program obtained through interviews with users were analyzed. Satisfaction was based on the Swan' model relating to perceptions regarding the service performance, assessment of overall satisfaction and the intention to avoid the service in the future. The exploratory variables were demographic characteristics of the users and the quality of the primary service from the user's viewpoint, considering the dimensions: access; receptivity of spontaneous demand; integral health care; bonding, accountability, and coordination of care. RESULTS: A total of 37,262 users participated, and 65.51% reported satisfaction with the oral health service, that was higher among those > 20 years old and beneficiaries of the Family Grant Program and lower among users with a higher level of schooling and those who reported being employed. Users who rated oral health service positively were more satisfied. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomically disadvantaged user was more satisfied with oral health services and the satisfaction increased with age. The improvement in the quality of oral health services in primary care can result in greater satisfaction.

Correction to: User satisfaction with public oral health services in the Brazilian unified health system.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors have reported that there is an error in Table 2 - Distribution of users concerning satisfaction with oral health services: the categories 'No' and 'Yes' should swap places.

Functional and psychosocial impact of oral disorders and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS.

PURPOSE: This study compared the Quality of Life (QOL) according to the presence of functional and psychosocial impact of oral disorders and evaluated the convergent validity between the dimensions of the WHOQOL and the OHIP-14 scores among people living with HIV. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with patients enrolled in reference centres of a midsize Brazilian city. Interviews were conducted when the participants arrived at the centres seeking services for medical appointments and collecting medicines. The OHIP-14 was used to evaluate the functional and psychosocial impact of oral disorders. QOL was assessed using the general issues and six domains of the WHOQOL-HIV BREF. The Chi square test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used for analysis. RESULTS: The sample comprised 422 people living with HIV/AIDS (response rate: 81.2%). The prevalence of functional and psychosocial impact of oral disorders was 34.0%. The prevalence of very poor/poor QOL and those who were very dissatisfied/dissatisfied with their health was higher among those with functional and psychosocial impact of oral disorders. There was a negative correlation between the scores on the domains of QOL and the severity of the impact of the oral disorders (r-value ranged from -0.107 to -0.30). CONCLUSION: Individuals with functional and psychosocial impact of oral disorders were found to more frequently rate their QOL as poor/very poor, and were more often dissatisfied with health. The correlation between the scores of QOL and functional and psychosocial impact of oral disorders scores was weak, indicating that they represent different constructs. The measures of functional and psychosocial impact of oral disorders should be complemented by general measures of QOL.

Disparities in the protagonism of oral health teams in the work process of Primary Healthcare.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate and compare the protagonism of Oral Health teams (OHt) in the teamwork process in Primary Healthcare (PHC) over five years and estimate the magnitude of disparities between Brazilian macro-regions. METHODS: Ecological study that used secondary data extracted from the Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica (SISAB - Health Information System for Primary Healthcare) from 2018 to 2022. Indicators were selected from a previously validated evaluative matrix, calculated from records in the Collective Activity Form on the degree of OHt's protagonism in team meetings and its degree of organization concerning the meeting agendas. A descriptive and amplitude analysis of the indicators' variation over time was carried out, and the disparity index was also calculated to estimate and compare the magnitude of differences between macro-regions in 2022. RESULTS: In Brazil, between 3.06% and 4.04% of team meetings were led by OHt professionals. The Northeast and South regions had the highest (3.71% to 4.88%) and lowest proportions (1.21% to 2.48%), respectively. From 2018 to 2022, there was a reduction in the indicator of the "degree of protagonism of the OHt" in Brazil and macro-regions. The most frequent topics in meetings under OHt's responsibility were the work process (54.71% to 70.64%) and diagnosis and monitoring of the territory (33.49% to 54.48%). The most significant disparities between regions were observed for the indicator "degree of organization of the OHt concerning case discussion and singular therapeutic projects". CONCLUSIONS: The protagonism of the OHt in the teamwork process in PHC is incipient and presents regional disparities, which challenges managers and OHt to break isolation and lack of integration, aiming to offer comprehensive and quality healthcare to the user of the Unified Health System (SUS).

COVID-19 Morbidity Among Oral Health Professionals in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated and compared the cumulative incidence of confirmed COVID-19 cases between oral health professionals and the general population in Brazil. METHODS: Secondary data from notification of laboratory unconfirmed and confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the National data system for 41 epidemiological weeks were analysed and compared between oral health professionals (dentist + oral health technicians/assistants) and the general population. The cumulative incidences of COVID-19 were obtained by the ratio of the total number of confirmed cases to the total Brazilian population or the population of oral health professionals registered with the Federal Council of Dentistry and adjusted by age. The incidences were then compared. RESULTS: The age-standardised cumulative incidences were 18.70/1000 for oral health professionals and 17.71/1000 for the population, with a ratio of 1.05. The highest incidences were observed in the states of Roraima (67.05/1000), Tocantins (58.81/1000), and Amazonas (58.24/1000). In 14 states, the age-standardised cumulative incidences were higher among oral health professionals than in the general population. There was a decrease in the number of new cases between the 29th and 30th epidemiological weeks in both populations. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 infections among oral health professionals was similar to that of the general population. However, the cumulative incidence was 5% higher among oral health professionals, varying among Brazilian states. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Infection control practices might help lower the risk of contamination in dental settings.

Internet and decision-making regarding health among pregnant woman: cross-cultural adaptation of a questionnaire for use in Brazil.

The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Women's Use of the Internet in Pregnancy Questionnaire (WUIPQ) to Brazilian Portuguese and analyze the psychometric properties of the Preparation for Decision Making Scale (PDMS). This study consisted of the following steps: translation, synthesis, back-translation, evaluation by the author of the original questionnaire, review by the panel of experts, and pretest of the WUIPQ. For such, Brazilian pregnant women and mothers who were members of Facebook groups participated in the study. We measured test-retest reliability as well as internal consistency and performed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the B-PDMS. In the pretest, 88.14% of the participants considered the items of the B-WUIPQ to be clear and pertinent, and 84.09% rated the sequence and organization of the questionnaire as excellent/good. The intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the B-PDMS were 0.850 (95%CI: 0.791-0.899) and 0.91, respectively. CFA revealed factor loadings higher than 0.70 for most items, with a comparative fit index of 0.989, Tucker-Lewis index of 0.984, and root mean square error of approximation of 0.08 (95%CI: 0.06-0.09). The B-WUIPQ presented cross-cultural adapted, and the B-PDMS demonstrated satisfactory psychometric proprieties to Brazilian pregnant women.

Oral health work process: disparity between teams in Brazil, 2014. / Processo de trabalho em saúde bucal: disparidade entre as equipes no Brasil, 2014.

OBJECTIVE: To compare Modality I and Modality II Oral Health Teams (OHT) regarding work process performance and differences between Brazilian regions. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with OHTs that took part in the National Program for Primary Health Care Access and Quality Improvement (2013-2014). Latent Class Analysis identified OHT subgroups according to work process (action planning, health promotion actions and comprehensive health care) performance (consolidated, developing or incipient). OHT modalities were compared, resulting in an Index of Disparity. RESULTS: After evaluating 15,886 OHTs, Modality II OHTs were found to have a higher percentage of consolidated work processes in the Southeast (67.8%-94.6%) and Southern (54.8%-93.0%) regions. Disparity in the consolidated work process was greater among Modality II OHTs (6.3-26.5) compared to Modality I OHTs (3.9-18.4). CONCLUSION: Modality II OHTs have the potential for better performance regarding the work process, but with regional disparities.

Oral health indicators and sociodemographic factors in Brazil from 2008 to 2015.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the annual variation of oral health and primary care coverage, the tooth extraction ratio, and the average of supervised toothbrushing in Brazilian municipalities according to social development and population size. METHODS: Public secondary data were analyzed. The outcomes were health service indicators (oral health coverage, primary health care coverage, tooth extraction ratio, and average of supervised tooth brushing) estimated for all Brazilian municipalities annually from 2008 to 2015. Mixed-effect multilevel regression models with random intercept and slopes were fitted with a cross-interaction term to estimate the annual percent variation according to the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) and population size. RESULTS: Municipalities with low MHDI presented an annual increase in oral health and primary care coverage of 2.65% and 2.23%, respectively, which was significantly higher than municipalities with medium and high MHDI. Oral health and primary care coverage were 69.26% and 35.00% lower among municipalities with a large population. Municipalities with medium and high MHDI showed an annual decrease in tooth extractions of 5.15% and 5.02%, respectively. An annual decrease was observed in the average of supervised toothbrushing of 9.81% and 4.57% in municipalities with low and medium MHDI, respectively. The tooth extraction ratio was higher among larger municipalities; the relation is inverse for supervised toothbrushing. CONCLUSIONS: The access to primary care and oral health services increased in Brazil, while a decrease occurred in mutilating treatment and provision of preventive actions, with disparities among municipalities with different MHDI levels over time.

Public oral health services performance in Brazil: Influence of the work process and service structure.

The quality of oral health care might be evaluated based on Donabedian's structure-process-outcome model. This study assessed the association between the oral health public services structure and work process of oral health teams (OHT) and performance indicators (access and problem-solving capacity) in Brazil. Secondary data from a national program obtained through interviews and by observation in 2013/2014 were analyzed. The performance indicators were Coverage of First Scheduled Dental Appointment (FDA) (< or ≥ the mean) and Ratio between Completed Treatments and First Scheduled Dental Appointments (CT/FDA) (< 1 or ≥ 1). The structure was assessed by the sum of available instruments, equipment, and supplies. Latent class analyses were used to identify similar groups (consolidated, developing, and incipient) of OHT according to the work process (planning of actions, health promotion and intersectoral actions, and integral health care). Each OHT was also described regarding the number of the health team in which the OHT operates, whether the primary care unit receives students/teaches, frequency of care provided outside of OHT coverage, and participation in telehealth. Multiple logistic regression models were adjusted for each performance indicator. A total of 16189 (99,8%) and 16192 (99,9%) OHTs located in 4344 (78,0%) municipalities had complete data on the work process and structure. 91.92% of OHTs presenting CT/FDA ≥ 1 and 37.05% presenting FDA ≥ the mean. Consolidated planning of actions and better structural conditions were associated with better performance. A higher frequency of CT/FDA ≥ 1 was observed among OHTs with consolidated integral health care and those that performed telehealth. OHTs that served individuals outside of OHT coverage daily and that worked with two to nine Health Teams presented a higher frequency of FDA ≥ the mean. OHTs with better structural and work process conditions had better performance.

Disparities in the protagonism of oral health teams in the work process of Primary Healthcare / Disparidades do protagonismo das equipes de saúde bucal no processo de trabalho na APS

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Evaluate and compare the protagonism of Oral Health teams (OHt) in the teamwork process in Primary Healthcare (PHC) over five years and estimate the magnitude of disparities between Brazilian macro-regions. METHODS Ecological study that used secondary data extracted from the Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica (SISAB - Health Information System for Primary Healthcare) from 2018 to 2022. Indicators were selected from a previously validated evaluative matrix, calculated from records in the Collective Activity Form on the degree of OHt's protagonism in team meetings and its degree of organization concerning the meeting agendas. A descriptive and amplitude analysis of the indicators' variation over time was carried out, and the disparity index was also calculated to estimate and compare the magnitude of differences between macro-regions in 2022. RESULTS In Brazil, between 3.06% and 4.04% of team meetings were led by OHt professionals. The Northeast and South regions had the highest (3.71% to 4.88%) and lowest proportions (1.21% to 2.48%), respectively. From 2018 to 2022, there was a reduction in the indicator of the "degree of protagonism of the OHt" in Brazil and macro-regions. The most frequent topics in meetings under OHt's responsibility were the work process (54.71% to 70.64%) and diagnosis and monitoring of the territory (33.49% to 54.48%). The most significant disparities between regions were observed for the indicator "degree of organization of the OHt concerning case discussion and singular therapeutic projects". CONCLUSIONS The protagonism of the OHt in the teamwork process in PHC is incipient and presents regional disparities, which challenges managers and OHt to break isolation and lack of integration, aiming to offer comprehensive and quality healthcare to the user of the Unified Health System (SUS).

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar e comparar o protagonismo das equipes de Saúde Bucal (eSB) no processo de trabalho em equipe na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) ao longo de cinco anos, e estimar a magnitude das disparidades entre as macrorregiões brasileiras. MÉTODOS Estudo ecológico que utilizou dados secundários extraídos do Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica (SISAB), de 2018 a 2022. Foram selecionados indicadores de matriz avaliativa previamente validada, calculados a partir dos registros na Ficha de Atividade Coletiva do grau de protagonismo das eSB nas reuniões de equipe, bem como do seu grau de organização em relação às pautas dos encontros. Foi realizada análise descritiva e da amplitude da variação dos indicadores ao longo do tempo, e também foi calculado o índice de disparidade para estimar e comparar a magnitude das diferenças entre as macrorregiões no ano de 2022. RESULTADOS No Brasil, entre 3,06% e 4,04% das reuniões de equipe foram lideradas por profissionais da eSB. No período, o Nordeste e o Sul foram as regiões que apresentaram maiores (3,71% a 4,88%) e menores proporções (1,21% a 2,48%), respectivamente. No período de 2018 a 2022, houve uma redução do indicador "grau de protagonismo das eSB" no Brasil e nas macrorregiões. Os temas mais frequentes em reuniões sob responsabilidade das eSB foram processo de trabalho (54,71% a 70,64%) e diagnóstico e monitoramento do território (33,49% a 54,48%). As maiores disparidades entre as regiões foram observadas para o indicador "grau de organização das eSB, em relação à discussão de caso e de projeto terapêutico singular". CONCLUSÕES O protagonismo das eSB no processo de trabalho em equipe na APS é incipiente e apresenta disparidades regionais, o que desafia gestores e eSB para o rompimento do isolamento e da falta de integração, visando a oferta de atenção à saúde integral e de qualidade ao usuário do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).

Oral adverse effects due to the use of Nevirapine.

AIM: The aim of this article is to present the clinical characteristics and management of an oral adverse effect stemming from the use of the antiretroviral medication Nevirapine (NVP). BACKGROUND: NVP is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. CASE REPORT: A 29-year-old black man, HIV-infected since 1996, began highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with zidovudine, lamivudine, and indinavir. From 1996 to 2002 several medications were changed due to their adverse effects: indinavir (renal colic and fever), nelfinavir (cutaneous rash), and efavirenz (nausea and temporary memory loss). When the patient presented to our service he was taking NVP, zidovudine, and lamivudine. A whitish plaque in the lips and bilateral buccal mucosa, burning, taste disturbance, and xerostomia were observed. The discontinuation of HAART led to the complete resolution of signs and symptoms. The patient has received follow-up treatment for three years and five months without local or systemic effects observed. SUMMARY: Unfortunately, the clinical features of the oral adverse effect from NVP are not well known. This paper contributed to the identification of possible reactions in the oral cavity due to antiretroviral medication. Although HAART is very important in the treatment of HIV, its side effects are responsible for patients' non-adherence to medications. While more studies are needed to better understand the mechanism of action after suspending HAART, the complete resolution of the signs and symptoms was observed. Therefore, physicians and dentists alike must understand how to identify and prevent these adverse effects in order to further improve HIV patient treatments.

Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde: a construção (in)completa da política em um município de grande porte no Brasil / Integrative and Complementary Practices in Health: the (in)complete construction of the policy in a large city in Brazil

RESUMO Objetiva-se analisar o processo de implantação, situação atual e perspectivas do Programa de Homeopatia, Acupuntura e Medicina Antroposófica (PRHOAMA) da rede pública de saúde de Belo Horizonte (Brasil) segundo as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PNPIC). Realizou-se estudo de caso por meio de análise documental de 32 textos oficiais; dados secundários obtidos pelo número de profissionais e procedimentos ofertados em sistemas de informação em saúde; e realização de um grupo focal com profissionais do PRHOAMA. O programa foi implantado em 1994 nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS), configurando-se uma experiência pioneira no Brasil. As práticas são realizadas exclusivamente por médicos, o que diverge das recomendações da PNPIC, cujo modelo preconizado é o multiprofissional. O processo de institucionalização do PRHOAMA é parcial, não se configurando uma política pública consolidada. O PRHOAMA atende às diretrizes da PNPIC, tais como ênfase na Atenção Primária, divulgação e informação sobre as Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde (Pics). Entretanto, é necessário avançar na promoção do acesso aos medicamentos homeopáticos, na definição de mecanismos de financiamento e na ampliação da equipe gestora e de profissionais.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the process of implementation, the current situation and perspectives of the Homeopathy, Acupuncture and Anthroposophical Medicine Program (PRHOAMA) in public health service in Belo Horizonte (Brazil) considering the guidelines of the National Policy for Integrative and Complementary Practices (PNPIC). The case study was carried out through document analysis of 32 official texts, secondary data (number of professionals and procedures offered) in health information systems and a focus group with professionals of PRHOAMA. The program was implemented in 1994, in Basic Health Units (UBS), configuring itself as a pioneering experience in Brazil. Practices are performed exclusively by physicians, which diverges from the recommendations of the PNPIC, whose recommended the ideal model is multi-professional. PRHOAMA's institutionalization process is partial, not constituting a consolidated public policy. PRHOAMA complies with the PNPIC guidelines, such as emphasis on Primary Care, dissemination and information about Complementary Therapies. However, it is necessary to advance in the promotion of access to homeopathic medicines, in the definition of financing mechanisms and in the expansion of the management team and professionals.

Traumatismos dentários na rede social Instagram: um estudo exploratório / Dental trauma on Instagram: an exploratory study / Traumatismos dentoalveolares en Instagram: un estudio exploratorio

Estudo exploratório realizado entre 14/02/2021 e 06/03/2021, visando mapear e caracterizar os perfis sobre traumatismos dentários no Instagram, analisar as publicações quanto ao teor e à qualidade do conteúdo, como também examinar a interação e a prática comunicativa. Foram incluídos 25 perfis que apresentavam baixa audiência e pequena atividade, considerando-se o número de seguidores, a frequência de atualização e o número de publicações. Dezoito perfis eram brasileiros e estavam vinculados a projetos de extensão de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). Realizou-se a análise de 13 posts dos três perfis ativos, e verificou-se que eles estavam em conformidade com os protocolos da Associação Internacional de Traumatologia Dentária. As práticas comunicativas eram informacionais não se configurando como espaços de aprendizagem colaborativa. Redes sociais on-line constituem-se atualmente em estratégias importantes para a divulgação científica e a participação cidadã, mas os limites e os desafios do seu uso devem ser levados em conta no planejamento das ações de comunicação institucional em saúde pública

Exploratory study made from 14/02/2021 to 06/03/2021, aiming to map and characterize the profiles about dental trauma on Instagram, besides analyzing the posts according to its content and quality, interac-tions and communicative practice. Twenty-five profiles were included and presented low audience and low activity, considering the number of followers, updating frequency and number of posts. Eighteen of these profiles were Brazilian and had links with Universities Extension Projects. Thirteen posts were analyzed on the three active profiles, and it was verified that they were in conformity to the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT). The communicative practices were international, not being configured as collaborative learning spaces. Social media are important strategies to scientific communication and citizen participation, but limits and challenges of its use must be considered on the planning of institutional public health communication

Estudio exploratorio realizado entre el 14/02/2021 y el 06/03/2021, con el objetivo de mapear y caracteri-zar perfiles sobre trauma dental en Instagram, además de analizar publicaciones sobre contenido y calidad del contenido, interaciones y la práctica comunicativa. Se incluyeron 25 perfiles que tenían baja audiencia y poca actividad, considerando el número de seguidores, frecuencia de actualización y número de publica-ciones. Dieciocho perfiles eran brasileños y estaban vinculados a proyectos de extensión de Instituciones de Educación Superior. Se realizó un análisis de 13 publicaciones de los tres perfiles activos y se verificó que cumplían con los protocolos de la Asociación Internacional de Traumatología Dental. Las prácticas comunicativas fueron informacionales, no configuradas como espacios de aprendizaje colaborativo. Las redes sociales constituyen estrategias importantes para la divulgación científica y la participación ciuda-dana, pero los límites y desafíos de su uso deben ser tomados en cuenta a la hora de planificar acciones de comunicación institucional en salud pública

Filling process of the Child Health Record in health care services of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. / Preenchimento da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança nos serviços de saúde em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the filling process of the Child Health Record (CHR) in health care services. METHODS: descriptive study held in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; an interview was conducted with parents/guardians of children aged 3-5 years old; 21 essential items to child monitoring were observed in the CHR during the 2014 Multi-vaccination Day; fields that should be filled in maternity wards, Primary Health Care (PHC), and other services were assessed separately. RESULTS: 367 children (96.1%) were included; 44.5% of CHR presented ≥60% of completeness; among the items that should be recorded in maternity wards, birth weight showed the highest proportion of completeness (64.5%); for those that should be filled in PHC/other services, records of vaccines (94.0%) presented the highest completeness; there was more filling in maternity wards than in PHC and other services (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: a low proportion of filling was observed, especially in PHC and other services.

[Inter-sector network in Brazil's School Health Program: subjects, perceptions, and practices]. / Rede intersetorial do Programa Saúde na Escola: sujeitos, percepções e práticas.

This study evaluated the implementation of the School Health Program (PSE in Portuguese) in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, the mechanisms favoring inter-sector action, and municipal administrators' perceptions concerning inter-sector collaboration. A case study was developed with document search and the application of an online questionnaire. The document search analyzed federal and municipal legislation on the PSE published in the Federal Register and Municipal Register and news on the program published in the Municipal Register. A semi-structured online questionnaire was completed by 30 municipal administrators. Content analysis was used on the qualitative data from the document search and questionnaire. The quantitative data were interpreted by descriptive analysis using Stata v. 13. Integrative mechanisms were identified in the federal and municipal provisions and in the unique PSE model adopted by the city. These mechanisms can potentially promote permanent linkage between health and education. However, the study with municipal administrators showed limited use of these mechanisms and the predominance of a sector-based logic in the program. There was evident difficulty in developing inter-sector collaboration in the program's activities. The potentialities of inter-sector action identified in the official documents and described in the institutional news failed to reverberate in either the administrators' practices or the impact on the schools' territories.

Este estudo avaliou a implementação e a execução do Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) no Município de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, os mecanismos que favorecem a ação intersetorial e a percepção dos gestores municipais sobre a intersetorialidade. Foi desenvolvido um estudo de caso por meio de pesquisa documental e da aplicação de um questionário eletrônico. A pesquisa documental analisou as portarias federais e municipais sobre o PSE publicadas no Diário Oficial da União e no Diário Oficial do Município e notícias sobre o programa publicadas no Diário Oficial do Município. Um questionário semiestruturado online foi aplicado a trinta gestores municipais. Análise de conteúdo foi usada para os dados qualitativos da pesquisa documental e do questionário. Os dados quantitativos foram interpretados por análise descritiva realizada pelo programa Stata v. 13. Mecanismos integradores foram identificados nas normativas federais e municipais e no modelo singular de PSE adotado pelo município. Esses mecanismos são potencialmente promotores da articulação permanente entre a saúde e a educação. A pesquisa com os gestores demonstrou, no entanto, uma baixa utilização desses mecanismos e o predomínio da lógica setorial nessa instância do programa. Percebeu-se uma dificuldade na construção da intersetorialidade também no desenvolvimento das ações do PSE. As potencialidades da ação intersetorial identificadas nos textos oficiais e descritas nas notícias institucionais não reverberaram nas práticas dos gestores nem na atuação sobre os territórios.

Este estudio evaluó la implementación y ejecución del Programa Salud en la Escuela (PSE) en el municipio de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, así como los mecanismos que favorecen la acción intersectorial y la percepción de los gestores municipales sobre la intersectorialidad. Se desarrolló un estudio de caso mediante una investigación documental y la aplicación de un cuestionario electrónico. La investigación documental analizó los decretos federales y municipales sobre el PSE, publicados en el Boletín Oficial de la Unión y en el Boletín Oficial del Municipio, así como noticias sobre el programa publicados en el Boletín Oficial del Municipio. Un cuestionario semiestructurado online se aplicó a 30 gestores municipales. El análisis de contenido se usó para los datos cualitativos de la investigación documental y del cuestionario. Los datos cuantitativos se interpretaron mediante un análisis descriptivo, realizado por el programa Stata v. 13. Se identificaron mecanismos integradores en las normativas federales y municipales, así como en el modelo singular de PSE adoptado por el municipio. Estos mecanismos son potencialmente promotores de la coordinación permanente entre salud y educación. La investigación con los gestores demostró, no obstante, una escasa utilización de esos mecanismos y el predominio de la lógica sectorial en esa instancia del programa. Se percibieron dificultades en la construcción de la intersectorialidad, así como el desarrollo de las acciones del PSE. Las potencialidades de la acción intersectorial identificadas en los textos oficiales, y descritas en los boletines institucionales, no repercutieron en las prácticas de los gestores ni en la actuación sobre los territorios.

Assessment of the way in which entries are filled out in Child Health Records and the quality of the entries according to the type of health services received by the child. / Avaliação do preenchimento da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança e qualidade do preenchimento segundo o tipo de serviço de saúde usado pela criança.

The scope of this study was to assess the way Child Health Records (CHRs) are filled out and the association between the quality of entries and type of service used to monitor the health of children. It involved a cross-sectional study with a stratified sample - proportional for the nine Health Districts of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais - of 3- to 5-year-old children selected on Child Vaccination Campaign Day in 2014. Interviews with parents including observation of the 21 CHR items were conducted. The dependent variable was defined by the quality of the CHR entry (satisfactory/unsatisfactory), where satisfactory entries were > 60%. The independent variables were the type of service for monitoring child health, demographic and health conditions of the mother and child and healthcare treatment received by the child, with the participation of 367 (96.10%) parents. The prevalence of unsatisfactory entries was 55.5%. No significant association was found between quality of entry and type of healthcare. Unsatisfactory entries were associated with gestational age < 37 weeks, lack of access to information about the CHR and the absence of parental entries on the CHR. The CHR has been unsatisfactorily employed as a tool for monitoring health, irrespective of the type of service used by the child.

Objetivou-se avaliar o preenchimento da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança (CSC) e a associação entre qualidade do preenchimento e o tipo de serviço usado para o acompanhamento da saúde das crianças. Estudo transversal com amostra estratificada e proporcional aos 9 Distritos Sanitários de Belo Horizonte, selecionada entre crianças de 3 a 5 anos, no Dia da Campanha de Vacinação Infantil 2014. Realizou-se entrevista com os pais e observação de 21 itens da CSC. A variável dependente foi definida pela qualidade (satisfatória/insatisfatória) do preenchimento da CSC, sendo considerado satisfatório o preenchimento > 60%. As variáveis independentes foram o tipo de serviço para acompanhamento da saúde da criança, características demográficas e condições de saúde da mãe e da criança, e atenção em saúde recebida pela criança. Participaram 367 pais. A proporção de preenchimento insatisfatório foi 55,5%. Não houve associação significativa entre qualidade de preenchimento e tipo de serviço de saúde. O preenchimento insatisfatório esteve associado à idade gestacional < 37 semanas, falta de acesso a informações sobre a CSC e ausência de anotações dos pais na CSC. A CSC tem sido insatisfatoriamente empregada como um instrumento de vigilância da saúde independentemente do tipo de serviço usado pela criança.