The accuracy of the Stroke Risk Analysis (SRA) system for predicting atrial fibrillation in patients in the postoperative period of myocardial revascularization.

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative myocardial revascularization atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a clinical complication that affects about 30% of patients and its mechanisms of origin are still poorly understood. This fact makes it difficult to identify the patient at greatest risk for this arrhythmia. This mission seems evident due to the complications it entails, including longer hospital stays, risk of stroke, heart failure, and death. There are reports of preoperative clinical aspects inherent to the patient's condition, such as gender and age, and discontinuation of beta-blockers as risk factors. In addition, additional information obtained by electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and blood count data, for example, present only modest predictive results. The analysis of heart rate and heart rate variability obtained by the Stroke Risk Analysis System (SRA) is a technique used to predict ambulatory atrial fibrillation (AF), using recordings of only one hour showing good accuracy. This system, however, has not yet been used to predict the emergence of POAF. The rationale for its use is based on the suspicion that the emergence of POAF is strongly related to sympatho-vagal imbalance and the increase in atrial ectopia, that is, changes in heart rhythm, the main variables analyzed by the SRA algorithm. OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of the SRA to identify patients at risk of having POAF after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). METHOD: 114 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease underwent coronary artery bypass grafting between the years 2015 and 2018. Between the first and fifth postoperative days, they underwent continuous electrocardiographic monitoring using the Holter system for cardiac rhythm analysis. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I was formed of those with POAF and Group II included patients without POAF. The tracings obtained by Holter were reanalyzed using the CardioManager®/Cardios program, converted and divided into one-hour sections using the SRA®/Cardios and Geratherm Converter program and submitted to the SRA-Apoplex medical/Geratherm® analysis algorithm. The SRA identifies three possibilities for classifying patient risk: a) Risk 0: patient in sinus rhythm; b) Risk 1: patient at increased risk for paroxysmal AF; c) Risk 2: patient with AF already present. For Group I, SRA were considered positive when Risks 1 and 2 were identified. For Group II, those identified as Risk 0 were considered negative SRA. RESULTS: POAF occurred in 33/114 patients (28%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the SRA to identify patients with POAF were 69%, 84%, 69%, and 82%, respectively; the positive and negative likelihood ratios, in addition to the accuracy of the SRA were, respectively, 4.3%, 0.36%, and 79%. A subanalysis of the results of the day on which AF occurred was performed on the records obtained in the first three hours of recording and up to three hours before the appearance of POAF. In the first period, the SRA was able to predict POAF in 57% of cases, while in the second period, the system identified the arrhythmia in 83% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: a) The SRA presents good accuracy to predict POAF; b) its accuracy is moderate in the first three hours of recording; c) the accuracy increases significantly near the beginning of POAF; d) these findings indicate that electrophysiological changes that precede POAF are acute, occurring a few hours before the event and are identified by the SRA algorithm.

Síndrome do QT longo congênito: o que sabemos até o momento? / Congenital long QT syndrome: what do we know so far?

Síndrome do QT longo congênito é uma síndrome arrítmica hereditária caracterizada por prolongamento do intervalo QT no eletrocardiograma de 12 derivações, torsades de pointes e maior chance de morte súbita cardíaca. A síndrome do QT longo congênito possui padrão autossômico dominante (síndrome de Romano-Ward), bem como padrão autossômico recessivo raro (síndrome de Jervell e Lange-Nielsen). Desde 1957, quando Jervell e Lange-Nielsen relataram os primeiros casos de síndrome do QT longo congênito familiarcom surdez congênita, a compreensão dos mecanismos genéticos e eletrofisiológicos dessa afecção melhorousignificativamente os métodos diagnósticos e os tratamentos. No entanto, tornou-se evidente que a síndrome do QT longo congênito nem sempre pode ser explicada pela mutação de um único gene. Esta revisão teve por objetivo resumir as características da síndrome do QT longo congênito (principalmente LQT1, LQT2 e LQT3) e descrever brevemente os mais recentes avanços no diagnóstico clínico e no tratamento da afecção...

Congenital long QT syndrome is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome characterized by a prolonged QT interval on the 12-lead electrocardiogram, torsades de pointes and a higher chance of sudden cardiac death. Congenital long QT syndrome includes an autosomal dominant pattern (Romano-Ward syndrome) as well as a rare autosomal recessive pattern (Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome). Since 1957 when Jervell and Lange Nielsen reported the first familial long QT syndrome with congenital deafness, the understanding of genetic and electrophysiological mechanisms of long QT syndrome has significantly improved diagnostic methods and treatments. However, is clear that long QT syndrome cannot always be explained by a single gene mutation. This review is aimed at summarizing the characteristics of congenital long QT syndrome (mainly LQT1, LQT2 e LQT3) and briefly describe the most recent advances in long QT syndrome clinical diagnostics and treatment...

Coração de atleta e cardiomiopatia hipertrófica: é possível diferenciar? / Athlete's heart and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: is it possible to differentiate?

A doença arterial coronariana é uma das principais causas de morbidades no mundo. O tratamento clínico, associado à mudança de estilo de vida, é sua base terapêutica. Somando-se a isso, para evitar a progressão da doença arterial coronariana, melhorar a qualidade de vida e reduzir a intensidade da angina, deve-se considerar a revascularização miocárdica. As indicações da cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica tem passado por mudanças, desde que a primeira intervenção cirúrgica foi realizada em 1967. Nesse texto é feita a revisão da literatura com base nos estudos que avaliaram as indicações cirúrgicasde revascularização miocárdica na doença arterial crônica, enfocando, principalmente, aqueles que compararam a abordagem cirúrgica com o tratamento clínico...