[Clinical and genetic characteristics of long-livers in Moscow region].

In Moscow region long-livers we have studied distribution of LPL, CETP, APOE, F2, F5, F7, F13, FGB, ITGA2, ITGB3, PAI-1, MTHFR, MTRR, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, HLA-DQB1 genes polymorphisms, associated with predisposition to age pathology. Long-livers are characterized by favorable course of cardiovascular diseases accompanied by certain genetic factors. We have established that genotype H-H- of LPL, allele epsilon2 of APOE, genotype CC of MTHFR (677C > T), genotype TC of ITGB3, genotype GA of FGB, HLA-DRB1*11 positively correlate with longevity.

[The use of immunomodulating therapy as part of complex treatment of secondary peritonitis induces reduction of inflammation in patients of different age].

We present experience of using anti-thymocytic immunoglobulin (ATG) in complex therapy of patients with extensive secondary peritonitis at the age of 29-83 years. The research was based on 60 patient cases: 29 (48%) of whom were given anti-thymocytic immunoglobulin (ATG) Antilymfolin in post operative period and 31 patient of the control group who did not receive immunomodulating therapy within the complex treatment. The received data clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of anti-thymocytic immunoglobulin (ATG) usage for normalization of innate immunity indices and inflammation reduction. Immunostimulating effect in patients given anti-thymocytic immunoglobulin (ATG) could be seen on the fourth day of the threatment. The drug is equally effective in patients of young and middle age as well as in patients of elderly and senility age. The positive influence of anti-thymocytic immunoglobulin (ATG) on inflammation is shown with the reduction of CRP, gamma-globuline, alpha1-protein fraction serum levels normalization. The use of Antilymfolin induces the regression of inflammation and apparently improves the quality and duration of treatment and rehabilitation.

[Medical and social characteristics of the very old Moscow citizens and World War II veterans].

The very old people is a growing population group in Russia and in Moscow in particular that requires more close attention as it demands special medical and social approaches. The investigation was based on data obtained from Moscow district clinics concerning the gender and pathologies structure of people aged 90 yrs and older. In this group women prevailed in total amount and among those older 100 yrs. Striking gender difference was revealed in disturbances of the carbohydrate metabolism. The most frequent pathologies in this population are cardiovascular, nerve and gastrointestine duct systems diseases that have equal prevalence among men and women. Centenarians appeared to be healthier than those in the group of 90-94 yrs. Many of them could serve themselves without extra help (36,48% versus 13,06%). The results obtained in this research must be helpful in the organization of geriatric clinics and cabinets.

[Connection of HindIII-polymorphism in the lipoprotein lipase gene with myocardial infarct and life span in elderly ischemic heart disease patients]. / Sviaz' HindIII-polimorfizma v gene lipoproteinlipazy s infarktom miokarda i prodolzhitel'nost'iu zhizni u bol'nykh ishemicheskoé bolzn'iu serdtsa pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta.

Allele and genotype frequencies of the HindIII polymorphism of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene were studied in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and stable angina of effort (SAE), including long-lived people (over 90). The polymorphism proved to be associated with MI and with the life span, genotype H+/H+ being predisposing to MI and allele H- being protective. The allele and genotype frequencies of long-lived people differed significantly from the Hardy-Weinberg proportions and from those of SAE patients aged up to 90. An excess of heterozygotes in this group suggests a selective pressure which eliminates homozygotes. Possibly, heterozygotes H+/H- have an adaptive advantage, which provides for their longevity.

[Immunogenetic characteristics of patients with ischemic heart disease]. / Immunogeneticheskaia kharakteristika bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

The distribution of the principal erythrocyte and HLA-antigens was investigated in 202 males aged 20-50 years with a history of myocardial infarction and various courses of coronary heart disease. The occurrence of one or the other group of antigens differed both as compared with a group of healthy subjects (619 subjects) and in relation to the anamnestic and clinical characteristics of the disease course. The findings helped to draw a conclusion as to the presence of associative links between a number of the studied antigens (A (II), MN, HLA-B7, HLA-B14, HLA-B15, HLA-CW4) and the risk of the development of, at least, some forms of coronary heart disease.

[Antilymphocytic immunoglobulin with an associated antibacterial orientation. I. The production and experimental laboratory study of the preparation]. / Antilimfotsitarnyi immunoglobulin s assotsiirovannoi antibakterial'noi napralennost'iu. Soobshchenie I. Poluchenie i laboratorno-éksperimental'noe issledovanie preparata.

Immunoglobulin was obtained from rabbit sera following immunization of the animals with a complex antigen composed of a suspension of human thymocytes and killed microbe polyvaccine. The preparation possessed not only antilymphocytic activity in vitro, but also protected the animals after their artificial infection.

[Antilymphocyte immunoglobulin with an associated antibacterial directed effect. II. The use of the preparation in the overall therapy of chronic lympholeukemia]. / Antilimfotsitarnyi immunoglobulin s assotsiirovannoi antibakterial'noi napravlennost'iu. Soobshchenie II. Primenenie preparata pri kompleksnoi terapii bol'nykh khronicheskim limfoleikozom.

Use in the composition of complex therapy of patients suffering from chronic lympholeukemia of antilymphocytic immunoglobulin with an associated antibacterial activity aided normalization of the leukocytic differential count and prevented development of inflammatory and septic complications in these patients.

[The possibility of predicting the development of bronchial asthma]. / O vozmozhnosti prognozirovaniia razvitiia bronkhial'noi astmy.

A total of 235 patients with bronchial asthma and preasthma and their 85 relatives of the 1st degree of kinship were investigated. A detailed clinicofunctional and immunological investigation including a study of histocompatibility antigens, revealed the relationships between bronchial asthma development and antigens A2, B13, B21, B35 carriage. The authors presented a complex of methods (provocative acetylcholine tests, anaprilin test, determination of HLA antigens) permitting the prediction of this disease in patients with an aggravated hereditary and allergological history at the preclinical stage.

[HindIII DNA-polymorphism of lipoprotein lipase gene in elderly patients with ischemic heart disease]. / HindIII DNK-polimorfizm gena lipoproteinlipazy u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa pozhilogo vozrasta.

AIM: To determine incidence of HindIII alleles of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in Russian elderly patients with stable effort angina (SEA) functional class II-III regarding lipid metabolism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Genotyping by LPL gene was performed in 103 patients with SEA. Of them 13 patients survived myocardial infarction (MI), 29 patients had diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: Incidence of alleles of HindIII DNA-polymorphism of LPL gene both in healthy and IHD patients is comparable with that in the West European populations. CONCLUSION: Genotype H+H+ of LPL gene is one of the markers of predisposition to MI, while allele H- is one of the resistance marks.

[HL-A system antigen distribution in malignant neoplasm patients]. / Raspredelenie antigenov sistemy HL-A u bol'nykh zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovaniiami.

The distribution of transplantation HL-A antigens in 124 patients (cancer of the stomach, mammary glands, the large intestine, the lung, skeletal sarcoma) was studied in microlymphocyte toxic reaction. A comparison with the results of the analogous examination of healthy persons dwelling in Leningrad indicated certain differences in the frequency of encountering some antigens, and the absence of HLA-B18 antigen among patients. Most frequently (in 62%) an "incomplete set" of antigens was found in a group of patients, antigens typical for the whole locus (more frequently "B") being absent in 7.3%. In 6.4% "extra" (live or more) HL-A antigens were noted. The use of adaptive immunotherapy would significantly change antigenic spectrum of lymphocytes in patients.

[ACE gene I/D-polymorphism and hereditary predisposition to myocardial infarction]. / Sviaz' I/D-poliformizma gena angiotenzinprevrashchaiushchego fermenta s nasledstvennoi predraspolozhennost'iu k infarktu miokarda.

The authors compare distribution of genotype frequencies and alleles of I/D of ACE gene polymorphism in patients with various forms of ischemic heart disease (IHD): with acute myocardial infarction (MI), stable effort angina (functional class II-III); in patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis (PICS). A relationship was found between I/D polymorphism and acute MI. Frequency of DD genotype in MI patients was 0.57, in controls--0.21, p < 0.0001, RR = 4.9. The DD genotype may serve a marker of hereditary predisposition to MI. Genotype DD frequency in the group with acute MI was higher than that with PICS. In acute MI frequency of allele D was 0.76, in PICS--0.51, p < 0.0005. It is suggested that low frequency of genotype DD in the PICS group results from higher lethality of patients with DD genotype in the nearest rehabilitation period. Patients with repeated MI have a significantly higher frequency of genotype DD and complications after MI. Thus, there is a relationship between insertion-deletion polymorphism of ACE gene and myocardial infarction. Deletion DD genotype raises the risk to develop MI and probability of life-threatening complications and repeated MI.

[Immune and interferon system in patients with bronchial asthma]. / Sostoianie immunnoi i interferonovoi sistem u bol'nykh bronkhial'noi astmoi.

We studied the levels of acute inflammation phase proteins (AIPP), production of alpha, gamma and serum interferons, the activity of epsilon-receptors of T-lymphocytes in 39 patients with bronchial asthma (BA). Correlations were made with the process severity and basic therapy. We discovered imbalance of immunoregulatory mechanisms: enhanced AIPP synthesis, low production of induced alpha and gamma interferons, elevated concentrations of poor-differentiated T-lymphocytes. This confirms persisting inflammation in BA.

[Immunocorrective therapy of destructive pancreatitis complicated by hepatic insufficiency]. / Immunokorrigiruiushchaia terapiia pri destruktivnom pankreatite, oslozhnennom pechenochnoi nedostatochnos'tiu.

Study of the immune status in 51 patients with necrotic and pyonecrotic pancreatitis complicated by hepatic insufficiency revealed an extremely severe degree of inhibition of cellular and humoral immunity. The use of Anti-lympholin, an immunocorrector of a directed action, and reinfusion of the patients' blood irradiated with ultraviolet rays causes a marked immunostimulating effect, reduces the number of pyoseptic complications, and facilitates the reduction of fatal cases among the most serious contingent of patients with acute pancreatitis.

[Treatment of purulent-inflammatory complications of polytrauma, diabetes, infected pancreonecrosis]. / Lechenie gnoino-vospalitel'nykh oslozhnenii, soprovazhdaiushchikh politravmu, sakharnyi diabet, infitsirovannyi pankreonekroz.

Results of Antilympholin-K3 use in combined treatment of purulent-inflammatory complications in polytrauma, diabetes, infected pancreonecrosis are analysed. Thirty-nine patients aged from 19 to 74 years were treated. Double injection of Antilympholin-K3 enhanced phagocytic activity of neutrophils, phagocytic index, chemiluminescence of mononuclears and neutrophils, immunoglobulins concentration. Positive dynamics in immunological indices is accompanied by improving clinical status, cleaning of postoperative wounds from pus, improving of epithelisation.

[Bone marrow transplantation (immunology, immunosuppression)]. / Transplantatsiia kostnogo mozga (immunologiia, immunodepressiia)]

Clinical effectiveness of bone marrow transplantation has been analyzed in 83 patients with aplastic anemia. Bone marrow of non-related donors with high degree of histocompatibility, according to the antigen system HLA of loci A, B, C and DR, was used. Freshly prepared bone marrow was transplanted in doses from 3.4 x 10(9) to 15 x 10(9) myelokaryocytes. Immunosuppression was provided by corticosteroid hormones and antithymocytic globulin. Complete or partial remission lasting for more than a year was recorded in 56 patients. Formed elements of the donor's blood were detected in the blood of 39% of the patients (the observation period lasted from 1 to 8 months). Symptoms of a secondary disease were observed in 29% of the patients. Significant changes in the cellular immunity parameters were recorded in all the patients investigated. The character of the time course of these changes may serve as a prognostic factor of myelotherapy effectiveness.

[Effect of cytostatic and hormonal drugs on the phagocytic activity of neutrophils of leukemia patients]. / Vliianie tsitostaticheskikh i gormonal'nykh preparatov na fagotsitarnuiu aktivnost' neitrofilov bol'nykh leikozom.

Based on the data concerned with blood cells from 12 normal persons and 18 patients with acute leukemia, the action of the clinically applied cytostatics and hormonal drugs (6-mercaptopurine, cytarabine, vincristine, rubomycin) on granulocyte functions was investigated in vitro and in vivo (in patients). The respective characteristics were found to be in a good enough agreement, enabling the prediction of the effect of polychemotherapy on granulocyte functions (the digestion capacity). It has been established that each of the drugs under study changes the characteristics of granulocytes to a different degree. The individual sensitivity of the digestion capacity of phagocytes to the drugs under study does not depend on the disease pattern or initial characteristics of the phagocytic activity of the cells.

[Results of cytological studies of smears of the buccal mucosa in elderly subjects]. / Rezul'taty tsitologicheskogo issledovaniia otpechatkov so slizistoi polosti rta u lits pozhilogo vozrasta.

Cytological studies of smear impressions from different sites of the buccal mucosa were carried out in 25 subjects (22 women and 3 men) aged 61-85 years. A group of healthy subjects aged 16-33 years were controls. Cells of different degree of differentiation are present in normal mucosa with different epithelial status: intermediate cells, mature cells with pyknotic nuclei, or surface cells without nuclei. In elderly subjects, the percentage of anuclear cells in the last stage of differentiation is increased in almost all sites of the mucosa, with the main characteristics of cytograms of young subjects retained.

[Disorders of immunologic reactivity in patients with destructive pancreatitis with functional insufficiency of the liver]. / Narusheniia immunologicheskoi reaktivnosti u bol'nykh destruktivnym pankreatitom s funktsional'noi nedostatochnost'iu pecheni.

Results of the investigation of immunological status in 62 patients with destructive pancreatitis complicated by hepatic insufficiency are presented. An extremely severe degree of immunodepression in the given contingent of patients was shown. It was established that the degree of inhibition of the cellular and humoral immunity in patients with destructive pancreatitis had direct relation to the degree of the functional insufficiency of the liver. A conclusion was made about the necessity to include immunocorrecting measures in the complex therapy.

[The distribution of class-I HLA antigens in patients with multiple myeloma]. / Raspredelenie HLA-antigenov I klassa u bol'nykh mnozhestvennoi mielomoi.

HLA antigens class 1 have been investigated in Russian patients with multiple myeloma. Compared to controls, myeloma patients demonstrated more frequent occurrence of antigens A11 and B7. Antigen A11 was more common for males and subjects with early response to treatment. Antigen B7 was more frequent in females with the slow response. These correlations are significant without correction on the number of the antigens studied. Association heterogeneity in males and females, in different therapy responders gives grounds for a differential approach to myeloma pathogenesis, choice of drugs, prognosis of survival.

[Dental care for patients with hematological diseases]. / Stomatologicheskaia pomoshch' bol'nym s gematologicheskimi zabolevaniiami.

Clinical and cytological studies in 41 hematological patients aged 19-70 years showed appreciable shifts in the immune status and nonspecific reactivity virtually in all examinees. Layers of cellular epithelium of late (V-VI) and early (III-IV) stages were more often detected in smears impressions than individual cells. Cells of stages I-II were scarce and never formed layers. In patients with leukemia, signs of dissociation of epitheliocyte nucleus and cytoplasm maturation were observed ("mature" cytoplasm and "young" nuclei). These specific shifts should be borne in mind when rendering dental care to hematological patients.