RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in relation with hormonal and metabolic profile in patients with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: A total of 40 women with PCOS and 40 age-matched controls were eligible for the study. Hirsutism scores, hormonal and metabolic profile as well as IL-6 levels were evaluated in each subject. RESULTS: Women with PCOS exhibited higher body mass index (BMI) and serum concentrations of IL-6 levels than controls (p < 0.05); however, levels of IL-6 were not significantly increased when compared with BMI-matched controls (p > 0.05). IL-6 levels were significantly correlated positively with BMI and triglyceride levels; however, negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein levels. CONCLUSION: The data of this study suggested that serum IL-6 levels were found to be higher in women with PCOS as compared to controls; however, IL-6 levels might be dependent on nutritional status but not on PCOS per se. Raised serum IL-6 levels may be related to BMI and serum lipid levels and may be a predictor for cardiometabolic risks.
Assuntos
Hipertrigliceridemia/etiologia , Interleucina-6/sangue , Obesidade/complicações , Sobrepeso/complicações , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/fisiopatologia , Regulação para Cima , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Sulfato de Desidroepiandrosterona/sangue , Feminino , Hirsutismo/etiologia , Humanos , Hiperandrogenismo/etiologia , Resistência à Insulina , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/sangue , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/complicações , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/metabolismo , Estudos Prospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Testosterona/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare galanin and IL-6 levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Also association of insulin resistance markers, galanin and IL-6 was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study registered 30 pregnant women with GDM and 30 pregnant women with NGT. Fasting venous blood samples were collected from all patients. Galanin and IL-6 levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Galanin and IL-6 levels were found higher in pregnant women with GDM (p < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was determined between galanin concentrations and glucose (r = 0.240, p = 0.065), insulin (r = 0.681, p < 0.001), HbA1c (r = -0.644, p < 0.001), IL-6 (r = 0.783, p < 0.05) and oral glucose challenge test results (r = 0.745, p < 0.001) in pregnant women included in study, whereas no significant association was determined between galanin and gestational age (r = 0.058, p = 0.662), body mass index (r = -0.019, p = 0.886). CONCLUSION: Galanin and IL-6 were found to be significantly associated with insulin resistance markers in GDM, thus may play important roles in regulation of glucose hemostasis.
Assuntos
Diabetes Gestacional/sangue , Galanina/sangue , Resistência à Insulina , Interleucina-6/sangue , Estresse Oxidativo , Regulação para Cima , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Diabetes Gestacional/metabolismo , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Gravidez , Segundo Trimestre da GravidezRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the VEGF, PIGF, and HIF-1α levels in the placentas of early- and late-onset pre-eclamptic patients, which are thought to be important in pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Pre-eclamptic early-onset (n = 22) and late-onset (n = 24) pregnant women and a control group of healthy pregnant women (n = 22) were recruited for this case-control study. A semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of VEGF, PIGF and HIF-1α was performed in cross-sections of the placentas of the subjects, after which results were compared. RESULTS: Levels of VEGF and PIGF in the placentas of pre-eclamptic patients were found to be lower than the levels in the placentas of healthy pregnant women (p < 0.001 and p = 0.025, respectively), whereas the levels of HIF-1α were found significantly higher (p < 0.001). No difference was observed in terms of VEGF, PIGF and HIF-1α in a comparison of the early- and late-onset pre-eclampsia groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicated that there is no relationship between the time of onset of pre-eclampsia and the placental changes that occur in these factors.
Assuntos
Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Placenta/metabolismo , Pré-Eclâmpsia/metabolismo , Proteínas da Gravidez/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Adulto , Idade de Início , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Fator de Crescimento Placentário , Pré-Eclâmpsia/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Although combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs) are one of the most commonly used methods of contraception in western countries, they are taken by only a minority of sexually active women in Turkey. The purpose of this research has been to define women's specific misconceptions with regard to the side effects of COCPs. METHODS: This descriptive and cross-sectional research was conducted on 418 reproductive aged women who agreed to participate. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with a questionnaire which assessed socio-demographic characteristics and women's beliefs about the side effects of COCPs. RESULTS: It is observed that 45.2% believed that the pills cause weight gain. Another 7.9% of the cases held the belief that COCPs cause cancer. A group of 13.4% of the subjects thought that COCPs lead to infertility, 28.7% believed that they cause headache, 41.1% believed that they cause acne and/or an increase in body hair, and 11.7% were afraid that they cause a decrease in libido. CONCLUSION: The present study has shown that misconceptions about the side effects of COCPs were considerably prevalent among this cohort group of Turkish women. Healthcare professionals have the potential of playing an important role in dispersing these misconceptions.
Assuntos
Comportamento Contraceptivo , Anticoncepção/métodos , Anticoncepcionais Orais Combinados/efeitos adversos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Turquia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: Increased inflammatory response and cytokines are claimed to play a significant role in the etiology of preeclampsia. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine. Limited number of studies evaluating IL-6 levels in preeclamptic patients have produced conflicting results. Therefore, the present study sought to compare maternal and umbilical cord serum levels of IL-6 in early- and late-onset preeclamptic pregnancies as well as in normal pregnancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 69 participants were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 24 participants with normal pregnancies. Preeclampsia group consisted of 45 participants. The preeclampsia group was further classified into the subgroups of early- and late-onset preeclampsia. Late-onset preeclampsia group consisted of 24 women whereas early-onset preeclampsia group consisted of 21 women. Serum and umbilical cord samples of IL-6 were compared. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between maternal and umbilical cord serum IL-6 concentrations between the preeclampsia and control group. No significant difference was observed in maternal and umbilical cord serum IL-6 levels between early- and late-onset preeclampsia groups. CONCLUSION: Our results do not support an increase in IL-6 levels in patients with early- and late-onset preeclampsia. The clinical relevance of our findings needs to be further investigated.
Assuntos
Interleucina-6/sangue , Pré-Eclâmpsia/sangue , Pré-Eclâmpsia/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Sangue Fetal , Humanos , Pré-Eclâmpsia/epidemiologia , Pré-Eclâmpsia/imunologia , Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Turquia/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare maternal and umbilical cord serum levels of the angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in early- and late-onset pre-eclamptic pregnancies as well as in normal pregnancies, which might have significant importance in the etiology of pre-eclampsia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective case-control study was carried out with pre-eclamptic (early-onset, ≤ 34 weeks and late-onset, >34 weeks) and normal pregnant women. VEGF, PIGF, sFlt-1 and sEng levels in maternal and umbilical cord serum were measured before delivery and the findings were compared. RESULTS: The study was conducted with 15 early- and 15 late-onset pre-eclampsia patients, and 17 patients with normal pregnancies. It was found that sEng levels were higher in the umbilical cord serum in the early-onset and in the maternal serum in the late-onset pre-eclampsia group than the control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference in any factor was observed between the early- and late-onset pre-eclampsia groups. CONCLUSION: In this study, the results showed that angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factor levels in maternal serum and umbilical cord serum may not be related to the time of onset of pre-eclampsia.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/sangue , Proteínas Angiogênicas/sangue , Pré-Eclâmpsia/sangue , Pré-Eclâmpsia/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Antígenos CD/sangue , Antígenos CD/química , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Endoglina , Feminino , Sangue Fetal , Humanos , Proteínas de Membrana/sangue , Pré-Eclâmpsia/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Receptores de Superfície Celular/sangue , Receptores de Superfície Celular/química , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Solubilidade , Turquia/epidemiologia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/sangue , Receptor 1 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/sangue , Receptor 1 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/química , Adulto JovemRESUMO
UNLABELLED: This study was conducted for the purpose of assessing, in the light of results of other research carried out in the present researchers' clinic and in Turkey, the status of twin pregnancies in Turkey, the incidence of twin births, perinatal and mortality rates associated with twin pregnancies, and the problems experienced in Turkey in cases of multiple and twin pregnancies. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: The outcomes of twin births that occurred at the researchers' clinic during the period 2001-2009 were studied retrospectively. Seventeen studies conducted in Turkey on multiple and twin pregnancies during the years 1991-2010 were included in the study. FINDINGS: It was observed that the mean multiple pregnancy rate in Turkey is 1.9% and the mean twin birth rate is 1.7%. It was also observed that a large majority (80-97.3%) of multiple pregnancies in Turkey are twin pregnancies. It was noted from Turkish literature that the mean gestational age of twins at birth varies between 33-36.2 weeks and that mean birthweights are 2065-2327 grams for the first-born twin and 1887-2262 grams for the second-born. These findings were observed to be lower than what is indicated in the literature. Perinatal and neonatal mortality, at 58-156/1000 and 40-98/1000 respectively, were seen to be higher than in the literature. CONCLUSION: It can be seen that preterm birth rates for twin pregnancies in Turkey are higher than what is indicated in the literature and that prenatal and neonatal mortality rates are also similarly higher.
Assuntos
Mortalidade Infantil , Resultado da Gravidez , Gravidez Múltipla , Adulto , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , TurquiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate and to compare the effects on serum homocysteine levels of early initiated oral and transdermal oestrogen replacement therapies (ERTs) given to women without a uterus who had undergone surgically induced menopause. Homocysteine levels are considered one of the predictors of cardiovascular disease risk. METHODS: This study included 45 women with surgical menopause. Of 45 women, 15 received oral ERT, (oestradiol hemihydrate 2 mg/day, Estrofem®), 15 received transdermal ERT (oestradiol hemihydrate 0.1% gel 1.5 mg/day, Estreva®) and 15 received no hormone therapy. Blood samples were collected from all women to measure homocysteine levels at the mean time of 15 weeks after surgical menopause. Obtained results of the groups were compared. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and time elapsing since menopause between the three groups. The duration of ERT was not significantly different between the therapy groups. There was no significant difference in homocysteine levels between the groups (p>0.05). No significant correlation was found between weight, BMI and homocysteine levels (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Considering that homocysteine is a predictor of risk for cardiovascular disease, the results of this study showed that early initiation of ERT in healthy surgically induced menopausal women neither protects nor deteriorates cardiovascular disease.
Assuntos
Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios/métodos , Homocisteína/sangue , Menopausa Precoce/sangue , Ovariectomia , Administração Cutânea , Administração Oral , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Estradiol/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Menopausa Precoce/efeitos dos fármacos , Menopausa Precoce/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
First trimester obstetric ultrasonography of a 32-year old female patient revealed a 13-week-old (according to the length of the femur and abdominal circumference) intrauterine live pregnancy with the absence of the fetal head. Medical abortus was performed with the diagnosis of acephaly and final diagnosis was confirmed by pathological and radiological examinations. We present and discuss the possible etiopathologic mechanisms of an acephaly case, which is described as acardia-acephaly complex in the literature, and usually appears in cases of twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence, but has not been previously reported as an isolated finding.
Assuntos
Anencefalia/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Anormalidades Múltiplas/diagnóstico por imagem , Anormalidades Múltiplas/patologia , Aborto Terapêutico , Adulto , Anencefalia/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Primeiro Trimestre da GravidezRESUMO
Each year, an estimated 529 000 maternal deaths occur worldwide. In literature, it is known that maternal mortality can occur during pregnancy, peripartum and also in postpartum period. Although very rare, maternal deaths may occur after spontaneous abortion. In present case, 37 year old G5P4 (Caesarean Section) women was admitted to Adnan Menderes University, Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic with diagnosis of missed abortion at 18 weeks' gestation. She had been hospitalized in the public maternity hospital for five days due to abortus incipience and prolapse of amnion membranes but had no contractions. Fetal heart beats ceased at the second day of hospitalization. Medically induced abortion was recommended but not accepted by the patient. At the fifth day of hospitalization, she was referred to our clinic due to deterioration of general health condition, low blood pressure and tachycardia. In emergency department, it was determined that she was not oriented, had confusion, had blood pressure of 49/25 mmHg and tachycardia. In ultrasonographic examination, 18 week in utero ex fetus was determined and there was free fluid in abdominopelvic cavity. The free fluid was suspected to be amniotic fluid due to rupture of uterus. Laparotomy was performed, no uterine rupture, hematoma or atony was observed. However during laparotomy, a very bad smelling odor, might be due to septicemia, was felt in the operation room. Cardiac arrest occurred during that operation. In autopsy report, it was concluded that maternal death was because of remaining of inutero ex fetus for a long time. In conclusion, although very rare, maternal deaths after spontaneous abortion may occur. Because spontaneous abortion is a common outcome of pregnancy, continued careful, strict monitoring and immediate treatment of especially second trimester spontaneous abortion is recommended to prevent related, disappointing, unexpected maternal deaths.