Association Between Thyroid Function and Body Composition in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients: Does Sex Have a Role?

BACKGROUND The relationship between thyroid hormones and body anthropometric measures in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with normal thyroid function is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between thyroid hormones and body composition in euthyroid T2DM patients in men and women. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that included 561 euthyroid T2DM patients. Fasting venous blood was collected to test laboratory indexes. Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure body composition. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to enroll patients with similar baseline characteristics. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to establish a linear regression model of thyroid hormone and body composition. PSM was performed to match 159 men and 159 women. RESULTS The LASSO regression analysis suggested that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was not correlated with body composition parameters in females. In females, free triiodothyronine (FT3) level was positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and skeletal muscle index (SMI), and was negatively correlated with extracellular water fraction (EWF). In males, FT3 level was positively correlated with waist circumference (WC) and SMI and negatively correlated with EWF. Free thyroxine (FT4) level in both women and men was positively correlated with body fat mass (BFM) and left lower-limb muscle mass (LLLMM). Moreover, in males, FT4 level was correlated with more body composition parameters. In euthyroid T2DM patients, FT3 level was positively correlated with SMI and negatively correlated with EWF, while FT4 level was positively correlated with BFM and LLLMM. CONCLUSIONS Thyroid function can affect body composition in euthyroid T2DM patients. Thyroid function is more likely to affect the fat and muscle distribution of males than females.

Radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of large hepatic hemangiomas: a comparison of multitined and internally cooled electrodes.

OBJECTIVE: Radiofrequency (RF) ablation is an accepted nonsurgical treatment of hepatic hemangiomas, but with an appreciable complication rate. Our study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of RF ablation, administered with either multitined expandable electrodes or with internally cooled cluster electrodes, in the treatment of large (≥10 cm diameter) hepatic hemangiomas. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our sequential experience of treating 43 large hepatic hemangiomas in 42 patients with RF ablation/multitined expandable electrodes or with RF ablation/internally cooled electrodes. Twenty-two hemangiomas in 21 patients were treated with expandable electrode (multitined electrode group), and 21 hemangiomas in 21 patients were treated with internally cooled cluster electrode (internally cooled electrode group). RESULTS: Among the 43 large hepatic hemangiomas, 27 subcapsular lesions were treated by a laparoscopic approach, and 16 lesions located in liver parenchyma were treated by a computed tomography-guided percutaneous approach. In the multitined electrode group, RF ablation treatment was performed in all 21 patients in 1 session. In the internally cooled electrode group, 18 patients were treated by RF ablation in 1 session, and 3 patients, with ≥14.0-cm single hemangioma, were treated with RF ablation in 2 sessions. Complete ablation was achieved in 81.8% (18/22) and 90.5% (19/21) in the multitined electrode group and the internally cooled electrode group, respectively (P>0.05). Ablation time for single hemangioma was shorter with the internally cooled electrode than with the multitined electrode (P<0.05). There were 79 complications related to ablation (2 major and 77 minor) in 31 patients. All 21 patients in the multitined electrode group experienced complications, compared with 10 of 21 patients (47.6%) in the internally cooled electrode group (P<0.05). Both of the 2 major complications occurred in the multitined electrode group. All the complications were treated successfully with conservative measures. CONCLUSIONS: RF ablation is a safe and effective treatment for large hepatic hemangiomas. Use of the internally cooled cluster electrodes and a more defensive treatment algorithm can reduce the complications.

The relationship between dietary inflammatory index and bone mineral density in CKD patients.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic systemic inflammation was proposed as a critical factor in the development of osteoporosis. We aim to investigate the effect of the DII on bone mineral density (BMD) in CKD patients. METHODS: 2276 participants from NHANES were enrolled. The DII score was calculated based on a single 24-h dietary recall. Total BMD was measured using Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. A multiple-stepwise linear regression model was used to determine associations between BMD and DII in CKD patients. RESULTS: When DII >0.35, a negative correlation was obtained between DII and BMD (all ß = -0.008 and p < 0.05). In subgroup analysis, BMD levels decreased across increasing tertiles of the DII for patients with non-osteoporosis, postmenopause, and low eGFR (p for trend ≤0.01). CONCLUSION: Higher consumption of pro-inflammatory diet correlates negatively with the BMD levels in CKD patients.

Safety and efficacy of one-hole split endoscope technique for surgical treatment of thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum.

Surgical intervention is typically recommended for thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel non-coaxial one-hole split endoscope (OSE) technique for treating TOLF. We performed OSE procedure on 13 patients with TOLF from June 2022 to July 2023. The mean operative time was 117.5 ± 15.4 min. VAS scores for lower limbs decreased from 6.5 ± 0.8 preoperative to 1.6 ± 0.4 at the last follow-up (P < 0.001). ODI scores improved from 62.4 ± 5.7 preoperative to 18.6 ± 2.2 at the last follow-up (P < 0.001), and mJOA scores increased from 5.1 ± 1.6 preoperative to 8.4 ± 1.5 at the latest follow-up (P < 0.001). All patients achieved ASIA scale grade D or E at the final follow-up, except for two patients remained residual limb numbness. None of the thirteen patients suffered from severe perioperative complications. The OSE technique proves to be a safe and effective procedure for treating TOLF or even with dura mater ossification, characterized by minimal surgical trauma, relatively smooth learning curve and flexible operation.

Functional Characterization of the Soybean Glycine max Actin Depolymerization Factor GmADF13 for Plant Resistance to Drought Stress.

Abiotic stress significantly affects plant growth and has devastating effects on crop production. Drought stress is one of the main abiotic stressors. Actin is a major component of the cytoskeleton, and actin-depolymerizing factors (ADFs) are conserved actin-binding proteins in eukaryotes that play critical roles in plant responses to various stresses. In this study, we found that GmADF13, an ADF gene from the soybean Glycine max, showed drastic upregulation under drought stress. Subcellular localization experiments in tobacco epidermal cells and tobacco protoplasts showed that GmADF13 was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. We characterized its biological function in transgenic Arabidopsis and hairy root composite soybean plants. Arabidopsis plants transformed with GmADF13 displayed a more robust drought tolerance than wild-type plants, including having a higher seed germination rate, longer roots, and healthy leaves under drought conditions. Similarly, GmADF13-overexpressing (OE) soybean plants generated via the Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of the hairy roots showed an improved drought tolerance. Leaves from OE plants showed higher relative water, chlorophyll, and proline contents, had a higher antioxidant enzyme activity, and had decreased malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion levels compared to those of control plants. Furthermore, under drought stress, GmADF13 OE activated the transcription of several drought-stress-related genes, such as GmbZIP1, GmDREB1A, GmDREB2, GmWRKY13, and GmANK114. Thus, GmADF13 is a positive regulator of the drought stress response, and it may play an essential role in plant growth under drought stress conditions. These results provide new insights into the functional elucidation of soybean ADFs. They may be helpful for breeding new soybean cultivars with a strong drought tolerance and further understanding how ADFs help plants adapt to abiotic stress.

Removal of fluoride using platanus acerifoli leaves biochar - an efficient and low-cost application in wastewater treatment.

The fluoride with high-concentration in industrial wastewater will cause great harm to the environment and calcium-modified biochar is an effective adsorbent for the removal of fluoride. Biochar composites were prepared from mature and dried dead leaves and eggshell to remove fluoride from the aqueous solution. The effects of raw material ratio, pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, temperature, initial concentration of fluoride, and the coexisting ions on the removal efficiency of fluoride were explored. The biochar composites before and after fluoride removal were characterized by the SEM, FTIR, XRD, and XPS, which showed CaF2 precipitation was formed during the adsorption. The kinetics and isotherm study showed that chemical adsorption was the primary step for the fluoride adsorption of the biochar composites. The removal efficiency of fluoride can reach 98.53% when the amount of adsorbent was 1.6 g/L and the fluoride concentration was 500 mg/L. The BET-specific surface area of platanus acerifoli leaves biochar was 410.14 m2/g, which was suitable for the adsorption carrier. The adsorption capacity of the biochar composite materials was as high as 308 mg/g. The platanus acerifoli leaves-eggshell biochar composite with large pore size and high removal efficiency may be used as an efficient and low-cost adsorbent for treating high-concentration fluoride-containing wastewater.

A hyaluronic acid/silk fibroin/poly-dopamine-coated biomimetic hydrogel scaffold with incorporated neurotrophin-3 for spinal cord injury repair.

Bio-factor stimulation is essential for axonal regeneration in the central nervous system. Thus, persistent and efficient factor delivery in the local microenvironment is an ideal strategy for spinal cord injury repair. We developed a biomimetic hydrogel scaffold to load biofactors in situ and release them in a controlled way as a promising therapeutic modality. Hyaluronic acid and silk fibroin were cross-linked as the basement of the scaffolds, and poly-dopamine coating was used to further increase the loading of factors and endow the hydrogel scaffolds with ideal physical and chemical properties and proper biocompatibility. Notably, neurotrophin-3 release from the hydrogel scaffolds was prolonged to 28 days. A spinal cord injury model was constructed for hydrogel scaffold transplantation. After eight weeks, significant NF200-positive nerve fibers were observed extending across the glial scar to the center of the injured area. Due to the release of neurotrophin-3, spinal cord regeneration was enhanced, and the cavity area of the injury graft site and inflammation associated with CD68 positive cells were reduced, which led to a significant improvement in hind limb motor function. The results show that the hyaluronic acid/silk fibroin/poly-dopamine-coated biomimetic hydrogel scaffold achieved locally slow release of neurotrophin-3, thus facilitating the regeneration of injured spinal cord. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hydrogels have received great attention in spinal cord regeneration. Current research has focused on more efficient and controlled release of bio-factors. Here, we adopted a mussel-inspired strategy to functionalize the hyaluronic acid/silk fibroin hydrogel scaffold to increase the load of neurotrophin-3 and extend the release time. The hydrogel scaffolds have ideal physiochemical properties, proper release rate, and biocompatibility. Owing to the continuous neurotrophin-3 release from implanted scaffolds, cavity formation is reduced, inflammation alleviated, and spinal cord regeneration enhanced, indicating great potential for bio-factor delivery in soft tissue regeneration applications.

Construction of antibiotic-induced depression mice model and the function of intestinal microbiota.

Many research studies focus on intestinal microbiota-related depression induced by the usage of antibiotics, but the use of antibiotics is fairly different. To construct an effective antibiotic-induced depression mice model and explore the effect of intestinal microbiota in antibiotic-induced depression, we used several kinds of antibiotic mixtures to induce mice depression and used depression-related behavioral tests and neurobiological factors to evaluate the construction of the antibiotic-induced depression mice model. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the above data, and the optimal model was selected according to the stability of the results and the simplicity of the modeling methods. Metagenomic analysis and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of intestinal microbiota from antibiotic-induced depression mice were performed to analyze the effect of intestinal microbiota. The results showed that antibiotic mixture A (1.25 µg/mL natamycin, 5 mg/mL neomycin sulfate, and 5 mg/mL bacitracin), antibiotic mixture B (24 mg/mL bacitracin, 24 mg/mL neomycin sulfate, 9.6 mg/mL ampicillin, 4.8 mg/mL meropenem, and 1.47 mg/mL vancomycin), and antibiotic solution D (only containing 5 mg/mL neomycin sulfate) could induce depression-like behavior in mice. By using these antibiotics, the concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mice hippocampus and prefrontal cortex tissues were significantly decreased. All the above results were consistent with those of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) depression mice. The FMT results showed that fecal microbiota from antibiotic-induced depressed mice transplanted into normal mice (8 weeks-old male C57BL/6J SPF mice) also could induce depression-like behavior and cause similar changes in neurobiological factors. Metagenomic analysis showed that the community structure of microbiota in the intestinal tract of antibiotic-induced depression mice was significantly different from that in control mice, the intestinal microbiota species diversity in antibiotic-induced depression mice was lower, the lipoic acid metabolism pathway was significantly activated, and the abundance of functional gene lipA was explicitly increased. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) further verified the abundance of enriched bacteria in the intestinal microbiota of antibiotic-induced depression mice. In summary, the specific antibiotic mixtures can induce depression by causing changes in intestinal microbiota in mice. Antibiotic-induced depressed mice show differences in intestinal microbiota abundance, high enrichment of the unique metabolic pathway, and the functional gene.

Research progress on the roles of actin-depolymerizing factor in plant stress responses.

Actin-depolymerizing factors (ADFs) are highly conserved small-molecule actin-binding proteins found throughout eukaryotic cells. In land plants, ADFs form a small gene family that displays functional redundancy despite variations among its individual members. ADF can bind to actin monomers or polymerized microfilaments and regulate dynamic changes in the cytoskeletal framework through specialized biochemical activities, such as severing, depolymerizing, and bundling. The involvement of ADFs in modulating the microfilaments' dynamic changes has significant implications for various physiological processes, including plant growth, development, and stress response. The current body of research has greatly advanced our comprehension of the involvement of ADFs in the regulation of plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses, particularly with respect to the molecular regulatory mechanisms that govern ADF activity during the transmission of stress signals. Stress has the capacity to directly modify the transcription levels of ADF genes, as well as indirectly regulate their expression through transcription factors such as MYB, C-repeat binding factors, ABF, and 14-3-3 proteins. Furthermore, apart from their role in regulating actin dynamics, ADFs possess the ability to modulate the stress response by influencing downstream genes associated with pathogen resistance and abiotic stress response. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current advancements in plant ADF gene research and suggests that the identification of plant ADF family genes across a broader spectrum, thorough analysis of ADF gene regulation in stress resistance of plants, and manipulation of ADF genes through genome-editing techniques to enhance plant stress resistance are crucial avenues for future investigation in this field.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the KCS gene family in soybean (Glycine max) reveal their potential roles in response to abiotic stress.

Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) are fatty acids with chain lengths of 20 or more carbon atoms, which are the building blocks of various lipids that regulate developmental processes and plant stress responses. 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase encoded by the KCS gene is the key rate-limiting enzyme in VLCFA biosynthesis, but the KCS gene family in soybean (Glycine max) has not been adequately studied thus far. In this study, 31 KCS genes (namely GmKCS1 - GmKCS31) were identified in the soybean genome, which are unevenly distributed on 14 chromosomes. These GmKCS genes could be phylogenetically classified into seven groups. A total of 27 paralogous GmKCS gene pairs were identified with their Ka/Ks ratios indicating that they had undergone purifying selection during soybean genome expansion. Cis-acting element analysis revealed that GmKCS promoters contained multiple hormone- and stress-responsive elements, indicating that GmKCS gene expression levels may be regulated by various developmental and environmental stimuli. Expression profiles derived from RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR experiments indicated that GmKCS genes were diversely expressed in different organs/tissues, and many GmKCS genes were found to be differentially expressed in the leaves under cold, heat, salt, and drought stresses, suggesting their critical role in soybean resistance to abiotic stress. These results provide fundamental information about the soybean KCS genes and will aid in their further functional elucidation and exploitation.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes suppress miRNA-5189-3p to increase fibroblast-like synoviocyte apoptosis via the BATF2/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterized by inflammation of the sacroiliac joint and the attachment point of the spine. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived exosomes on apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and explored its molecular mechanism. Exosomes were isolated from BMSCs and verified by transmission electron microscope and nanoparticle tracking analysis. FLSs were isolated and co-incubated with BMSC exosomes. Cell apoptosis was assessed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling analysis and flow cytometry. The results showed that BMSC exosomes increased apoptosis of FLSs. MiR-5189-3p was downregulated, while basic leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like 2 (BATF2) was upregulated in FLSs by treatment of BMSC exosomes. As a direct target of miR-5189-3p, BATF2 inactivates the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. MiR-5189-3p suppressed apoptosis of FLSs and BATF2 exerted an opposite effect. In conclusion, BMSCs-derived exosomes suppress miR-5189-3p to facilitate the apoptosis of FLSs via the BATF2/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, which facilitates the understanding of the therapeutic effect of BMSCs on AS and the underlying molecular mechanism.

Prognostic Values of COL4As Transcriptional Expressions in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients.

OBJECTIVE: The COL4A family genes (COL4As) are a set of extracellular matrix-related genes that have been proved a tight relationship among various cancers. However, the functional role of different COL4As (COL4A1/2/3/4/5/6) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is unclear. METHODS: We obtained the data from online open-access databases including ONCOMINE, UALCAN, GEPIA, Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), cBioPortal, METASCAPE, STRING, TIMER, GSCALite, MEXPRESS, and TISIDB to explore the correlation between COL4As expression and genome-wide difference, progression, prognosis, genetic mutation, functional enrichment, tumor immune microenvironment, and methylation in ccRCC patients. RESULTS: The significantly higher COL4A1/2 expression and lower COL4A3/4/5/6 expression were observed in ccRCC tissues than in normal kidney tissues. Transcriptomic levels of COL4A1/2/3/4 were significantly correlated with tumor grade and stage. The higher expression levels of COL4A1/2/3/4 were accompanied by a longer overall survival time (OS); the higher expression levels of COL4A3/4 with lower expression levels of COL4A5 were associated with a longer disease-free time (DFS). Univariate/multivariate regression model analysis showed that COL4A4 could be a potential independent biomarker for ccRCC prognosis. And a high mutation rate (29%) of COL4As was observed in ccRCC patients. However, there were no relationships between mutation rates of COL4As and OS, DFS in ccRCC patients (p>0.05). Besides, we founded that the COL4As expressions were significant associated with the infiltration of the immune cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, three immunomodulators (immunoinhibitory, immunostimulator, MHC molecule), chemokines, and receptors. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that the transcript levels of COL4As could act as potential indicators for early disease progression. The expression of COL4A4 could contribute directly to disease prognosis. Besides, COL4A1/2/3/4 widely participated in tumor immunity. However, further studies are needed to confirm their clinical values in the ccRCC patients.

Aerogel Assembled by Two Types of Carbon Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Heavy Metal Ions.

Both sodium alginate and polyethyleneimine (PEI) have a good ability to adsorb heavy metal ions. PEI and sodium alginate were used as important precursors to synthesize positively charged carbon nanoparticles (p-CNDs) with hydroxyl and carboxyl, and negatively charged carbon nanoparticles (n-CNDs) with amino, respectively. The carbon nanoparticles (CNDs) aerogel with a large specific surface area and rich functional groups were constructed by self-assembled p-CNDs and n-CNDs via electrostatic attraction for adsorption of heavy metal ions in water. The results show that CNDs aerogel has good adsorption properties for Pb2+ (96%), Cu2+ (91%), Co2+ (86%), Ni2+ (82%), and Cd2+ (78%). Furthermore, the fluorescence emission intensity of CNDs aerogel will gradually decrease with the increase in the adsorption rate, indicating that it can detect the adsorption process synchronously. In addition, the cytotoxicity test reveals that CNDs have good biocompatibility and will not cause secondary damage to biological cells.

Abnormalities in gut microbiota and serum metabolites in hemodialysis patients with mild cognitive decline: a single-center observational study.

RATIONALE: Although a growing body of evidence indicates that the scores of cognitive function in hemodialysis patients are significantly lower than those of healthy individuals, underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the roles of gut microbiota and serum metabolites in hemodialysis patients with mild cognitive decline (MCD). METHODS: A total of 30 healthy individuals and 77 hemodialysis patients were enrolled and were classified into healthy control (HC), normal cognitive function (NCF), and MCD groups by evaluation of Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Fecal samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA and serum samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry from all subjects. RESULTS: The 16S rRNA study demonstrated that the gut microbiota profiles, including α- and ß-diversity, and a number of 16 gut bacteria were significantly altered in the MCD group compared with those in HC or those with NCF. A metabonomics study showed that a total of 29 serum metabolites were altered in the MCD group. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that Genus Bilophila and serum putrescine might be sensitive biomarkers to indicate MCD in patients with hemodialysis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate gut microbiota and serum metabolites were probably involved in the pathogenesis of hemodialysis-related MCD. Therapeutic strategies targeting abnormalities in gut microbiota and serum metabolites may facilitate the beneficial effects for hemodialysis patients with MCD.

Salubrinal abrogates palmitate-induced leptin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum stress via nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell pathway in mHypoE-44 hypothalamic neurons.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity is growing rapidly and has become a global problem that increases the risk for many diseases. It is influenced by many factors, including consumption of the Western-style diet, characterized as a high-fat diet. Within the central nervous system, the hypothalamus is a critical site in maintaining energy homeostasis and sensing nutrient status, including palmitate, the major component of high-fat-diet. METHODS: In the present study, we conducted a variety of studies to investigate the specific role of salubrinal on palmitate-induced hypothalamic cell death, leptin signaling, and ER stress in an embryonic hypothalamic cell line. Experiments were also performed to identify the underlying mechanisms of the protective effect of salubrinal. RESULTS: Our results indicate that salubrinal protects hypothalamic cells against PA-induced ER stress and improves hypothalamic leptin sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our findings conclusively reveal that salubrinal abrogates palmitate-induced hypothalamic leptin resistance and ER stress via NF-κB pathway.

[Effect of Norcantharidin on Hematopoietic Function in Leucopenia Model Rat Induced by Cyclophosphamide].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect and mechanism of norcantharidin (NCTD) on hematopoiesis function in leucopenia model rat induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). METHODS: Leucopenia model was replicated in SD rat with cyclophosphamide(CTX) and model animal was treated with NCTD. Peripheral blood and bone marrow tissue samples were collected from the rats in each experimental group. Peripheral white blood cells (WBC) were counted and analyzed by automatic blood cell analyzer. Histopathologic changes of the biopsied bone marrow tissues were observed by histopathological techniques. The cell cycle and apoptosis rate of bone marrow cells were detected by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical method was applied to observe the expression of apoptosis-related proteins BCL-2 and BAX in bone marrow. RESULTS: After NCTD treatment in model rats, the WBC count of peripheral blood obviously increased, the cell structure of bone tissue significantly recovered, NCTD could promote the cell proliferation and cycle changes of bone marrow cells, inhibit the bone marrow cell apoptosis and necrosis induced with CTX, up-regulate the expression of apoptosis-related protein BCL-2 and downregulated the BAX. CONCLUSION: NCTD can stimulate the bone marrow hematopoiesis and promote recovery of peripheral white blood cell level in the leukopenia model induced by CTX, and its mechanism may be related with NCTD regulating bone marrow cell cycle and with NCTD inhibiting cell apoptosis.

Submucosal tunnelling endoscopic resection (STER) for the treatment of a case of huge esophageal tumor arising in the muscularis propria: a case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Endoscopic Interventional Treatment is of little trauma and less complications in the treatment of esophageal tumor and leads to faster recovery and fewer days of hospitalization. This study was aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic interventional therapy for huge esophageal tumor arising in the muscularis propria. METHODS: The patient was treated by submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER). RESULTS: The huge esophageal tumor was resected completely by STER technique, with little trauma and less complications. The size of the resected tumor was 5.5×3.5×3.0 cm. CONCLUSION: Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection is a safe and efficient technique for treating Huge Esophageal Tumor originating from muscularis propria layer.