Plateau iris syndrome: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment: A narrative review.

Plateau iris syndrome (PIS) was first coined in 1958 to describe the iris configuration of a patient, 2 years later; the concept of plateau iris was published. In 1992, the anatomic aspects of plateau iris were studied using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) determining it as a form of primary angle-closure glaucoma caused by a large or anteriorly positioned ciliary body that leads to mechanical obstruction of the trabecular meshwork, this condition is most often found in young patients. We aim to review the current literature and knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment options of PIS; the search was conducted in PubMed, LILACS, and BIREME internet search sites using keywords and snowball search strategy of articles published until 2022, focusing on PIS history, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, UBM feature, and treatment.

Trends in HPV and HPV Vaccine Awareness among Gay and Bisexual Males in the U.S.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States (US). It is often discussed within the context of women's sexual health due to its association with cervical cancer. However, HPV is also associated with other cancers and conditions which affect men. Gay and bisexual males (GBM) in the US have higher risks of HPV infection and a higher incidence of HPV-associated anal cancer than heterosexual males. In addition, GBM in the US have a higher prevalence of some high-risk strains of HPV than in other regions. HPV vaccination is highly effective at preventing HPV-associated cancers and genital warts. Several resources have been directed towards improving HPV awareness in the US over the past couple of years to improve vaccination rates. Given the low rates of HPV vaccination among GBM in the US, this study aimed to assess the trends in HPV and HPV vaccine awareness using a nationally representative sample of GBM. We found an overall increase in HPV and HPV vaccine awareness between 2017 and 2020. However, the sociodemographic differences in awareness levels highlight the need for more interventions to improve vaccination rates, especially in this high-risk population.