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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the etiology, outcomes and prognostic factors associated with status epilepticus (SE) admissions in Neurology Department of a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on all SE admissions at Dr. Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi over a five-year period from July 2015 to June 2020. Demographic, clinical, and etiological factors were investigated for prognostic value. Statistical tests were applied to determine significant prognostic factors. A five percent significance level was used. RESULTS: A total of 176 patients were included in the study. Mortality was reported in 22 cases (12.5%) and morbidity at six months was observed in 44 cases (25.0%). Male gender, previous history of SE, prolonged seizure duration, and late presentation to hospital were significantly associated with mortality (p<0.05). De novo cases of SE tended to be older (p=0.048) and were associated with morbidity at follow-up (p=0.000). The most common causes of epilepsy in our patients with SE were CNS infections (n=54) and Idiopathic epilepsy (n=34). Non-compliance to medicines/under-dosing was the most common provocative factor (n=68). Acute symptomatic causes of SE were more likely to be associated with greater morbidity (p=0.000). Refractory and super-refractory SE were strongly associated with higher mortality (p=0.000). A longer duration of hospital stay was associated with higher morbidity (p=0.000). CONCLUSION: Male gender, poor control of seizures, CNS infections, prolonged seizures, delayed hospital arrival and refractory/super-refractory status epilepticus were key determinants of mortality in our setting. Previous history of status epilepticus, and acute and symptomatic etiologies were associated with higher morbidity.
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The population of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is rapidly increasing. There is limited understanding of location of death and associated disparities in these patients. From 2005-2018, a trend-level analysis was performed using death certificate data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research Database, with individual-level mortality data obtained from National Center for Health Statistics. Places of death were classified as hospital, home, hospice facility, nursing home/long-term care and other. A total of 15,507 total deaths were identified in ACHD from 2005-2018 (54% Male, 84% White). ACHD patients were more likely to die in the hospital (64%) compared to general population (41%). Younger decedents (20-34) with ACHD were more likely to die in the hospital, while older decedents (≥65) were more likely to die at Hospice/Nursing facilities. Black and Hispanic patients with ACHD were more likely to die in the hospital compared to White and non-Hispanic patients. A significantly large proportion of ACHD deaths are observed in younger patients and occur in inpatient facilities. End-of-life planning among socially vulnerable populations should be prioritized.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas , Hospitais para Doentes Terminais , Adulto , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Casas de Saúde , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: A meta-analysis of published studies was performed to determine the impact of performing early versus delayed or no coronary angiography in patients without ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction following out of hospital cardiac arrest. METHODS: A structured search was conducted using Medline, Embase and Ovid by two independent investigators using a variety of keywords. The primary outcome was short term (at discharge) and long term (at 6-14 months follow-up) mortality whereas the secondary end-point was good neurological outcome (defined as a Cerebral Performance Category Score of 1 or 2), at discharge and follow up. Random-effects model was utilized to pool the data, whilst publication bias was assessed using funnel plot. RESULTS: A total of 8 studies (7 observational studies and 1 randomized control trial) were identified and incorporated into the meta-analysis. The use of early angiography was associated with decreased short term (OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.36-0.56, P<0.001) and long term (OR=0.59, 95%CI=0.44-0.74, P<0.001) mortality. Early angiography was also shown to be associated with improved neurological outcomes on discharge (OR=2.00, 95% CI=1.50-2.49, P<0.001) as well as on follow-up (OR=1.48, 95% CI=1.06-1.90, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of our meta-analysis support the use of early coronary angiography in out of hospital cardiac-arrest patients presenting without ST-segment elevation on the post-resuscitation electrocardiogram. However, given the low level of evidence of available studies, future guideline changes should be directed by the results of large-scale randomized clinical trials on the subject matter.