Key challenges in TB drug discovery: A perspective.

Over the past 2000 years, tuberculosis (TB) has been responsible for more deaths than any other infectious disease. In recent years, there has been a recovery of research and development (R&D) efforts focused on TB drugs. This is driven by the pressing need to combat the global spread of the disease and develop improved therapies for both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains. Many new TB drug candidates have recently entered clinical trials, marking the beginning of a rebirth in this area after decades of neglect. The problem is that very few of the hundreds of compounds identified each year as potential anti-TB drugs really make it to the clinical development stage. This perspective focuses on the primary obstacles and approaches involved in the development of new medications for TB. This will help medicinal chemists better understand TB drug challenges and develop novel drug candidates.

Exploring the Recent Pioneering Developments of Small Molecules in Antimalarial Drug Armamentarium: A Chemistry Prospective Appraisal.

Malaria is a very destructive and lethal parasitic disease that causes significant mortality worldwide, resulting in the loss of millions of lives annually. It is an infectious disease transmitted by mosquitoes, which is caused by different species of the parasite protozoan belonging to the genus Plasmodium. The uncontrolled intake of antimalarial drugs often employed in clinical settings has resulted in the emergence of numerous strains of plasmodium that are resistant to these drugs, including multidrug-resistant strains. This resistance significantly diminishes the effectiveness of many primary drugs used in the treatment of malaria. Hence, there is an urgent need for developing unique classes of antimalarial drugs that function with distinct mechanisms of action. In this context, the design and development of hybrid compounds that combine pharmacophoric properties from different lead molecules into a single unit gives a unique perspective towards further development of malaria drugs in the next generation. In recent years, the field of medicinal chemistry has made significant efforts resulting in the discovery and synthesis of numerous small novel compounds that exhibit potent antimalarial properties, while also demonstrating reduced toxicity and desirable efficacy. In light of this, we have reviewed the progress of hybrid antimalarial agents from 2021 up to the present. This manuscript presents a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the medicinal chemistry pertaining to small molecules, with a specific focus on their potential as antimalarial agents. As possible antimalarial drugs that might target both the dual stage and multi-stage stages of the parasite life cycle, these small hybrid molecules have been studied. This review explores a variety of physiologically active compounds that have been described in the literature in order to lay a strong foundation for the logical design and eventual identification of antimalarial drugs based on lead frameworks.

A concise review on marine bromopyrrole alkaloids as anticancer agents.

Natural products have been the most important sources of chemically diverse raw materials that have inspired pharmaceutical discoveries over the past few decades. Many pharmaceutical companies are utilizing plant extracts to develop relatively crude therapeutic formulations. The interesting chemicals identified as natural products are derived from the phenomenon of biodiversity, where the interactions between the organisms and their environment formulate the diverse and complex chemical entities within them that enhance their survival and competitiveness. Marine sponges are rich sources of natural products and have provided an infinite supply of bioactive metabolites. Bromopyrrole alkaloids are a good example of marine metabolites, have a broad range of biological activity, and represent a fascinating example of chemical diversity of secondary metabolites elaborated by marine invertebrates. The isolation and synthesis of this structural class have been investigated, resulting in a series of bromopyrrole alkaloids with potential lead hits. This review presents the detailed isolation and anticancer activity of marine bromopyrrole alkaloids, and will be of interest to the wider research community both in academic and industrial settings.

Role of Natural Products in Developing Novel Anticancer Agents: A Perspective.

Cancer is a heterogeneous disease and is one of the significant health issues, especially in public health systems around the world. Natural products and their structural derivatives with outstanding chemical diversity have been investigated for potential anti-cancer agents. Many natural products revealing potential anti-cancer properties such as cytotoxicity, proliferation inhibition, induced apoptosis, retard metastasis, suppressing angiogenesis, and improved chemotherapy have been isolated from various plants and herbs. Several promising lead molecules have been identified recently; a few are in the clinical trial stage. This short communication summarises the role of natural products and their analogs in anti-cancer drug developments, especially plant, marine and microbial-based anti-cancer agents.

Internal stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for controlled anti-cancer drug release: a review.

Cancer disease is one of the most frequent life-threatening, with a high fatality rate worldwide. However, recent immunotherapy studies in various tumours have yielded unsatisfactory outcomes, with just a few individuals experiencing long-term responses. To overcome these issues, nowadays internal stimuli-responsive nanocarriers have been widely exploited to transport a wide range of active substances, including peptides, genes and medicines. These nanosystems could be chemically adjusted to produce target-based drug release at the target location, minimizing pathological and physiological difficulties while increasing therapeutic efficiency. This review highlights the various types of internal stimuli-responsive nanocarriers and applications in cancer diagnosis. This study can provide inspiration and impetus for exploiting more promising internal stimuli-responsive nanosystems for drug delivery.

Recent Literature Review on Coumarin Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents.

Cancer is considered one of the leading causes of death globally, especially patients with lung, pancreatic, or brain tumors are most likely to die of cancer, and patients with prostate and breast cancer are at a high risk of noncancer death. As a result, there is ongoing research regarding developing new, safe, and efficient anticancer agents. Coumarin-based naturally occurring compounds possess a broad spectrum of activity in medicinal chemistry, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant agents, etc. Many researchers have synthesized coumarinbased novel therapeutic agents via molecular hybridization technique, which offers an excellent opportunity to develop novel compounds with improved biological activities by incorporating two or more pharmacophores. This review aims to shed light on the recent developments of coumarin-based anticancer hybrid derivatives and their Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR). This review serves as a medium that medicinal chemists could utilize to design and synthesize coumarin derivatives with significant pharmacological value as future anticancer agents.