Efficacy and safety of a novel weekly topical metformin loaded peel-off-mask in the treatment of melasma: a split face, placebo-controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Melasma is a widely common condition that intractably affects the patient's quality of life. Metformin is a cheap, well tolerated, and relatively safe medication that is widely prescribed for the treatment of Diabetes. Topical metformin has shown promising results in treating melasma, as well as several other dermatological conditions such as acne and recalcitrant central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. OBJECTIVES: to study the efficacy and safety of a once weekly topical metformin 30% loaded peel-off mask in treating of melasma. METHODS: Twenty female patients with melasma were recruited for the application of a metformin mask and placebo mask to either side of the face once weekly for 12 weeks. Hemi-MASI was calculated at baseline, at each visit, and 12 weeks after the end of treatment. RESULTS: At baseline, the hemi-MASI score matched between both metformin and placebo sides (708±2.62 & 7.08±2.62 respectively (p = 1). At the end of the active treatment period, the metformin side showed a significantly better improvement in hemi-MASI score in comparison to placebo (68%±0.23 improvement on the metformin side in contrast to 20%± 0.176 on the placebo side). Although scores decreased 3 months after stopping the active treatment (52%±0.23 improvement on the metformin side compared to the placebo side 15%±0.197), they were still significantly better than the baseline. No adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Topical metformin loaded peel-off mask can be a promising, safe, and effective treatment for melasma. Although applied once weekly, metformin peel-off mask shows comparable efficacy to previously reported daily usage formulations.

Magnetic targeting of lornoxicam/SPION bilosomes loaded in a thermosensitive in situ hydrogel system for the management of osteoarthritis: Optimization, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies in rat model via modulation of RANKL/OPG.

Osteoarthritis is a bone and joint condition characterized pathologically by articular cartilage degenerative damage and can develop into a devastating and permanently disabling disorder. This investigation aimed to formulate the anti-inflammatory drug lornoxicam (LOR) into bile salt-enriched vesicles loaded in an in situ forming hydrogel as a potential local treatment of osteoarthritis. This was achieved by formulating LOR-loaded bilosomes that are also loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for intra-muscular (IM) administration to improve joint targeting and localization by applying an external magnet to the joint. A 31.22 full factorial design was employed to develop the bilosomal dispersions and the optimized formula including SPION (LSB) was loaded into a thermosensitive hydrogel. Moreover, in vivo evaluation revealed that the IM administration of LSB combined with the application of an external magnet to the joint reversed carrageen-induced suppression in motor activity and osteoprotegerin by significantly reducing the elevations in mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta/osteoprotegerin expressions. In addition, the histopathological evaluation of knee joint tissues showed a remarkable improvement in the injured joint tissues. The results proved that the developed LSB could be a promising IM drug delivery system for osteoarthritis management.

Intranasal Radioiodinated Ferulic Acid Polymeric Micelles as the First Nuclear Medicine Imaging Probe for ETRA Brain Receptor.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this work was to prepare a selective nuclear medicine imaging probe for the Endothelin 1 receptor A in the brain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ferulic acid (an ETRA antagonist) was radiolabeled using 131I by direct electrophilic substitution method. The radiolabeled ferulic acid was formulated as polymeric micelles to allow intranasal brain delivery. Biodistribution was studied in Swiss albino mice by comparing brain uptake of 131I-ferulic acid after IN administration of 131I-ferulic acid polymeric micelles, IN administration of 131I-ferulic acid solution and IV administration of 131I-ferulic acid solution. RESULTS: Successful radiolabeling was achieved with an RCY of 98 % using 200 µg of ferulic acid and 60 µg of CAT as oxidizing agents at pH 6, room temperature and 30 min reaction time. 131I-ferulic acid polymeric micelles were successfully formulated with the particle size of 21.63 nm and polydispersity index of 0.168. Radioactivity uptake in the brain and brain/blood uptake ratio for I.N 131I-ferulic acid polymeric micelles were greater than the two other routes at all periods. CONCLUSION: Our results provide 131I-ferulic acid polymeric micelles as a hopeful nuclear medicine tracer for ETRA brain receptor.

Pectin nanoparticles loaded with nitric oxide donor drug: A potential approach for tissue regeneration.

The process of wound healing and tissue regeneration involves several key mechanisms to ensure the production of new tissues with similar cellular functions. This study investigates the impact of pectin, a natural polysaccharide, and nebivolol hydrochloride (NBV), a nitric oxide (NO) donor drug, on wound healing. Utilizing ionotropic gelation, NBV-loaded pectin nanoparticles were developed following a 2231 full factorial design. The optimized formulation, determined using Design expert® software, exhibited an encapsulation efficiency percentage of 70.68%, zeta potential of -51.4 mV, and a particle size of 572 nm, characterized by a spherical, discrete morphology. An in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the optimal formulation in wound healing compared to various controls. The results demonstrated the enhanced ability of the optimal formulation to accelerate wound healing. Moreover, histopathological examination further confirmed the formulation's benefits in tissue proliferation and collagen deposition at the wound site 15 days post-injury. This suggests that the developed formulation not only promotes faster healing but does so with minimal side effects, positioning it as a promising agent for effective wound healing and tissue regeneration.

Synergistic therapeutic strategies and engineered nanoparticles for anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in cancer.

Angiogenesis is one of the defining characteristics of cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is crucial for the development of angiogenesis. A growing interest in cancer therapy is being caused by the widespread use of antiangiogenic drugs in treating several types of human cancer. However, this therapeutic approach can worsen resistance, invasion, and overall survival. As we proceed, refining combination strategies and addressing the constraint of targeted treatments are paramount. Therefore, major challenges in using novel combinations of antiangiogenic agents with cytotoxic treatments are currently focused on illustrating the potential of synergistic therapeutic strategies, alongside advancements in nanomedicine and gene therapy, present opportunities for more precise interference with angiogenesis pathways and tumor environments. Nanoparticles have the potential to regulate several crucial activities and improve several drug limitations such as lack of selectivity, non-targeted cytotoxicity, insufficient drug delivery at tumor sites, and multi-drug resistance based on their unique features. The goal of this updated review is to illustrate the enormous potential of novel synergistic therapeutic strategies and the targeted nanoparticles as an alternate strategy for t treating a variety of tumors employing antiangiogenic therapy.